Virology Commons^™

Structural Analyses Of Phycodnaviridae And Iridoviridae, Alan A. Simpson, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, James L. Van Etten, Michael G. Rossmann

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The Phycodnaviridae, Iridoviridae and related viruses, with diameters of 1500±2000 A Ê , are formed from large trigonal arrays of hexagonally close-packed capsomers forming the faces of icosahedra [Yan et al. (2000), Nature Struct. Biol. 7, 101-103; Nandhagopal et al. (2002), Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 14758-14763]. Caspar and Klug predicted that such structures could be assembled from hexameric capsomers [Caspar & Klug (1962), Cold Spring Harbor. Symp. Quant. Biol. 27, 1-24], as was subsequently found in numerous icosahedral viruses. During the course of evolution, some viruses, including the virus families …

The Coat Protein Of Turnip Crinkle Virus Suppresses Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing At An Early Initiation Step, Feng Qu, Tao Ren, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), or RNA silencing, is a sequence-specific RNA degradation process that targets foreign RNA, including viral and transposon RNA for destruction. Several RNA plant viruses have been shown to encode suppressors of PTGS in order to survive this host defense. We report here that the coat protein (CP) of Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) strongly suppresses PTGS. The Agrobacterium infiltration system was used to demonstrate that TCV CP suppressed the local PTGS as strongly as several previously reported virus-coded suppressors and that the action of TCV CP eliminated the small interfering RNAs associated with PTGS. We have also …

Potentiation Of Trail-Induced Apoptosis In Primary Effusion Lymphoma Through Azidothymidine-Mediated Inhibition Of Nf-[Kappa]B, Subrata K. Ghosh, Charles Wood, Lawrence H. Boise, Abdul M. Mian, Vadim V. Deyev, Gerold Feuer, Ngoc L. Toomey, Nicole C. Shank, Lisa Cabral, Glen N. Barber, William J. Harrington

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The survival of viral mediated lymphomas depends upon constitutive nuclear factor kappa B (NF-[kappa]B) activity. AIDS-related human herpesvirus type 8–associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is almost invariably fatal. We have previously demonstrated that the antiviral combination of interferon alpha (IFN-[alpha]) and azidothymidine (AZT) induces apoptosis in PEL cell lines. We therefore used these agents as therapy for an AIDS patient with PEL. The patient had a dramatic response, with complete resolution of his malignant effusion in 5 days. In PEL cells, the death receptor ligand known as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is markedly …

Duration Of Infection And Proportion Of Pigs Persistently Infected With Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus, Robert W. Wills, Alan R. Doster, Judith A. Galeota, Jung-Hyang Sur, Fernando A. Osorio

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Understanding the dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) persistence in individual pigs is essential to the development of successful control programs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the proportion of inoculated pigs that become persistently infected with PRRSV and the duration of their infection. Additionally, different diagnostic techniques that detect persistent infections were compared. Twenty-eight 35-day-old pigs were inoculated with PRRSV. Serum and tonsil biopsy samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, and 28 and then approximately monthly thereafter until day 251 post-inoculation (p.i.). Tonsil, lymph node, and lung samples were collected following euthanasia …

Functional Implications In Apoptosis By Interferon Inducible Gene Product 1-8d, The Binding Protein To Adenovirus Preterminal Protein, Insil Joung, Peter C. Angeletti, Jeffrey A. Engler

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Adenovirus (Ad) precursor to the terminal protein (pTP) plays an essential roles in the viral DNA

replication. Ad pTP serves as a primer for the synthesis of a new DNA strand during the initiation

step of replication. In addition, Ad pTP forms organized spherical replication foci on the nuclear

matrix (NM) and anchors the viral genome to the NM. Here we identified the interferon inducible

gene product 1-8D (Inid) as a pTP binding protein by using a two-hybrid screen of a HeLa cDNA

library. Of the clones obtained in this assay, nine were identical to the Inid, a 13-kDa polypeptide …

The Structure And Evolution Of The Major Capsid Protein Of A Large, Lipid-Containing Dna Virus, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, Alan Simpson, James Gurnon, Xiadong Yan, Timothy Baker, Michael V. Graves, James L. Van Etten, Michael Rossman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus type 1 (PBCV-1) is a very large, icosahedral virus containing an internal membrane enclosed within a glycoprotein coat consisting of pseudohexagonal arrays of trimeric capsomers. Each capsomer is composed of three molecules of the major capsid protein, Vp54, the 2.0-Å resolution structure of which is reported here. Four N-linked and two O-linked glycosylation sites were identified. The N-linked sites are associated with nonstandard amino acid motifs as a result of glycosylation by virus-encoded enzymes. Each monomer of the trimeric structure consists of two eight-stranded, antiparallel β-barrel, “jelly-roll” domains related by a pseudo-sixfold rotation. The fold of …

Unique Epitope Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Protein Spans The Cleavage Site Between P16Ma And P2l, Ming Lu, Ling Zheng, Kathy Mitchell, Sanjay Kapil, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are closely related bovine lentiviruses that are difficult to distinguish by presently available diagnostic methods. Recently, in our laboratory, a monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb 10H1) against the BIV Gag protein identified a differential epitope, located at the 6.4-kDa N terminus of a 29-kDa Gag capsid protein, which was absent in JDV. To define the essential amino acids of the epitope, a series of primers within the 163 bp of DNA corresponding to the 6.4-kDa protein were designed. The full-length 163-bp DNA fragment and the smaller DNA fragments with deletions were amplified …

Retrograde Transport Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Within Descending Motor Tracts, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The spread of the abnormal conformation of the prion protein, PrP^Sc, within the spinal cord is central to the pathogenesis of transmissible prion diseases, but the mechanism of transport has not been determined. For this report, the route of transport of the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), a prion disease of mink, in the central nervous system following unilateral inoculation into the sciatic nerves of Syrian hamsters was investigated. PrP^Sc was detected at 3 weeks postinfection in the lumbar spinal cord and ascended to the brain at a rate of approximately 3.3 mm per day. …

Ornithine Decarboxylase Encoded By Chlorella Virus Pbcv-1, Tiara A. Morehead, James R. Gurnon, Byron Adams, Kenneth Nickerson, Lisa A. Fitzgerald, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Sequence analysis of the 330-kb genome of chlorella virus PBCV-1 revealed an open reading frame, A207R, which encodes a protein with 37–41% amino acid identity to ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from many eukaryotic organisms. The a207r gene was cloned and the protein was expressed as a His-A207R fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein catalyzes pyridoxal 5’-phosphate-dependent decarboxylation of ornithine to putrescine, the first step in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway The enzyme has a pH optimum of 9.0 and a temperature optimum of 42°C, and it requires dithiothreitol for maximal activity. The enzyme has a Km, for ornithine of …

Identification Of Neutralizing And Nonneutralizing Epitopes In The Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus Gp5 Ectodomain, M. Ostrowski, J. A. Galeota, A. M. Jar, K. B. Platt, Fernando A. Osorio, O. J. Lopez

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

After infection of swine with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), there is a rapid rise of PRRSV-specific nonneutralizing antibodies (NNA), while neutralizing antibodies (NA) are detectable not sooner than 3 weeks later. To characterize neutralizing epitopes, we selected phages from a 12-mer phage display library using anti-PRRSV neutralizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) ISU25-C1. In addition, phages carrying peptides recognized by swine antibodies with high seroneutralizing titer were isolated after subtracting from the library those clones binding to swine anti-PRRSV serum with no neutralizing activity. Two epitopes located in the ectodomain of PRRSV GP5 were identified. One of these epitopes, …

Susceptibility Of Sensory Neurons To Apoptosis Following Infection By Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1, Gustavo A. Delhon, Marcelo J. Gonzalez, Pablo R. Murcia

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Like other members of the alpha subfamily of herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) establishes latent infections in sensory neurons. BHV-1 induces apoptosis in lymphoid cells in vivo and in epithelial cell lines, but the ability of BHV- 1 to induce apoptosis in sensory neurons remains unknown. In this report, the susceptibility of rabbit ganglionic neurons to infection by BHV-1 was examined in vitro and in vivo. Following infection of cultured neurons with BHV-1, hallmarks of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and membrane blebbing were detected. The appearance of these changes was preceded by active viral DNA …

Stable Replication Of Papillomavirus Genomes In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Peter C. Angeletti, Kitai Kim, Fiona J. Fernandes, Paul F. Lambert

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Papillomaviruses normally replicate in stratified squamous epithelial tissues of their mammalian hosts, in which the viral genome is found as a nuclear plasmid. Two viral proteins, E1, a helicase, and E2, a transcriptional activator and plasmid maintenance factor, are known to contribute to the episomal replication of the viral genome. Recently, our laboratory discovered that papillomaviruses can also replicate in an E1-independent manner in mammalian cells (K. Kim and P. F. Lambert, Virology, in press; K. Kim and P. F. Lambert, submitted for publication). In this study, we describe experiments investigating the capacity of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) …

Construction And Characterization Of A Chimeric Virus (Biv/Hiv-1) Carrying The Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag-Pol Gene: Research Letters, Guomin Chen, Shuhui Wang, Kun Xiong, Jinzhong Wang, Tao Ye, Wenping Dong, Qi Wang, Qimin Chen, Yunqi Geng, Charles Wood, Yi Zeng

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

HIV-1HXB2 5′LTR region, most of BIVR29 gag-pol segment and HIV-1HXB2 pol IN-3′LTR region were respectively amplified. A chimeric clone, designated as pHBIV₃₇₅₃, was constructed by cloning three fragments sequentially into pUC18. MT4 cells were transfected with pHBIV₃₇₅₃. The replication and expressions of the chimeric virus (HBIV₃₇₅₃) were monitored by RT activity and IFA. The results firstly demonstrated that it is possible to generate a new type of the BIV/HIV-1 chimeric virus containing BIV gag-pol gene.

Cellular Tropisms And Co-Receptor Usage Of Hiv-1 Isolates From Vertically Infected Children With Neurological Abnormalities And Rapid Disease Progression, Micheline Mccarthy, Jun He, Denise Auger, Rebeca Geffin, Cecilia Hutto, Charles Wood, Gwendolyn Scott

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The longitudinal evolution of HIV-1 phenotypes was studied in a cohort of six vertically infected children with early onset and rapid progression of clinical disease. Among 30 viral isolates obtained from peripheral blood, tropisms for both human blood-derived cells (macrophages, T-lymphocytes), and for human neural (brain-derived) cells (microglia, astrocytes) were determined, as was chemokine co-receptor usage. All children harbored from birth macrophage-tropic isolates using the CCR5 co-receptor. Two children later developed T-cell tropic isolates with CXCR4 and CCR3 usage. While all six patients developed neurological abnormalities, only three produced neural cell tropic isolates, which used CCR5. However, early and persistent …

Characterization Of Cd4-Induced Epitopes On The Hiv Type 1 Gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein Recognized By Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies, Shi-Hua Xiang, Najah Doka, Rabeéa K. Choudhary, Joseph Sodroski, James E. Robinson

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) into target cells typically requires the sequential binding of the viral exterior envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to CD4 and a chemokine receptor. CD4 binding exposes gp120 epitopes recognized by CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies, which can block virus binding to the chemokine receptor. We identified three new CD4i antibodies from an HIV-1-infected individual and localized their epitopes. These epitopes include a highly conserved gp120 β-strand encompassing residues 419–424, which is also important for binding to the CCR5 chemokine receptor. All of the CD4i antibodies inhibited the binding of gp120–CD4 complexes to CCR5. CD4i antibodies and …

The Genome Of Swinepox Virus, C. L. Afonso, E. R. Tulman, Z. Lu, L. Zsak, Fernando A. Osorio, C. Balinsky, G. F. Kutish, D. L. Rock

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Swinepox virus (SWPV), the sole member of the Suipoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae, is the etiologic agent of a worldwide disease specific for swine. Here we report the genomic sequence of SWPV. The 146-kbp SWPV genome consists of a central coding region bounded by identical 3.7-kbp inverted terminal repeats and contains 150 putative genes. Comparison of SWPV with chordopoxviruses reveals 146 conserved genes encoding proteins involved in basic replicative functions, viral virulence, host range, and immune evasion. Notably, these include genes with similarity to genes for gamma interferon (IFN-γ) receptor, IFN resistance protein, interleukin-18 binding protein, IFN-α/β binding protein, …

Efficient Infection Of Nicotiana Benthamiana By Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Is Facilitated By The Coat Protein And Maintained By P19 Through Suppression Of Gene Silencing, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is one of few RNA plant viruses capable of moving systemically in some hosts in the absence of coat protein (CP). TBSV also encodes another protein (p19) that is not required for systemic movement but functions as a symptom determinant in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, the role of both CP and p19 in the systemic spread has been reevaluated by utilizing transgenic N. benthamiana plants expressing the movement protein (MP) of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus and chimeric TBSV mutants that express CP of Turnip crinkle virus. Through careful examination of the infection phenotype …

Mutagenic Stabilization And/Or Disruption Of A Cd4-Bound State Reveals Distinct Conformations Of The Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gp120 Envelope Glycoprotein, Shi-Hua Xiang, Peter D. Kwong, Rishi Gupta, Carlo D. Rizzuto, David J. Casper, Richard Wyatt, Liping Wang, Wayne A. Hendrickson, Michael L. Doyle, Joseph Sodroski

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 exterior envelope glycoprotein is conformationally flexible. Upon binding to the host cell receptor CD4, gp120 assumes a conformation that is recognized by the second receptor, CCR5 and/or CXCR4, and by the CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies. Guided by the X-ray crystal structure of a gp120-CD4-CD4i antibody complex, we introduced changes into gp120 that were designed to stabilize or disrupt this conformation. One mutant, 375 S/W, in which the tryptophan indole group is predicted to occupy the Phe 43 cavity in the gp120 interior, apparently favors a gp120 conformation closer to that of the CD4-bound …

Phylogenetic And Phenotypic Analysis Of Hiv Type 1 Env Gp120 In Cases Of Subtype C Mother-To-Child Transmission, Hong Zhang, Guillermo Ortí, Qiujiang Du, Jun He, Chipepo Kankasa, Ganapati Bhat, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C constitutes a majority of the newly transmitted cases of HIV-1 in many developing countries. There is growing evidence suggesting that subtype C viruses may display characteristics that make them distinct from subtype B and other subtypes, and such differences may affect its transmission and pathogenesis in infected individuals. In this study, HIV-1 sequences from the C2–V4 region of the envelope gene were analyzed from four infected mother–infant pairs (MIPs) after perinatal transmission in Zambia. We found that all viral isolates from four Zambian MIPs were of the subtype C HIV-1 subgroup. All …

Small Glutamine-Rich Protein/Viral Protein U–Binding Protein Is A Novel Cochaperone That Affects Heat Shock Protein 70 Activity, Peter C. Angeletti, Doriann Walker, Antonito T. Panganiban

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Molecular chaperone complexes containing heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 and Hsp90 are regulated by cochaperones, including a subclass of regulators, such as Hsp70 interacting protein (Hip), C-terminus of Hsp70 interacting protein (CHIP), and Hsp70-Hsp90 organizing factor (Hop), that contain tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs), where Hsp70 refers to Hsp70 and its nearly identical constitutive counterpart, Hsc70, together. These proteins interact with the Hsp70 to regulate adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and folding activities or to generate the chaperone complex. Here we provide evidence that small glutamine-rich protein/viral protein U–binding protein (SGT/UBP) is a cochaperone that negatively regulates Hsp70. By “Far-Western” and pull-down assays, SGT/UBP …

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (Hiv-1) Tat Induces Nitric-Oxide Synthase In Human Astroglia, Xiaojuan Liu, Malabendu Jana, Subhajit Dasgupta, Sreenivas Koka, Jun He, Charles Wood, Kalipada Pahan

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is known to cause neuronal injury and dementia in a significant proportion of patients. However, the mechanism by which HIV-1 mediates its deleterious effects in the brain is poorly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the HIV-1 tat gene on the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U373MG astroglial cells and primary astroglia. Expression of the tat gene as RSV- tat but not that of the CAT gene as RSV-CAT in U373MG astroglial cells led to the induction of NO production and the expression of iNOS …

Gemfibrozil, A Lipid-Lowering Drug, Inhibits The Induction Of Nitric-Oxide Synthase In Human Astrocytes, Kalipada Pahan, Malabendu Jana, Xiaojuan Liu, Bradley S. Taylor, Charles Wood, Susan M. Fischer

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Gemfibrozil, a lipid-lowering drug, inhibited cytokine- induced production of NO and the expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U373MG astroglial cells and primary astrocytes. Similar to gemfibrozil, clofibrate, another fibrate drug, also inhibited the expression of iNOS. Inhibition of human iNOS promoter-driven luciferase activity by gemfibrozil in cytokine-stimulated U373MG astroglial cells suggests that this compound inhibits the transcription of iNOS. Since gemfibrozil is known to activate peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-α (PPAR-α), we investigated the role of PPAR- α in gemfibrozil-mediated inhibition of iNOS. Gemfibrozil induced peroxisome proliferator-responsive element (PPRE)-dependent luciferase activity, which was inhibited by the expression of …

Interferon Regulatory Factor 7: A Key Cellular Mediator Of Lmp-1 In Ebv Latency And Transformation, Luwen Zhang, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) was cloned within the biological context of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency, and has an intimate relation with EBV. EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) regulates IRF-7 both by inducing the expression of IRF-7 and by activating IRF-7 protein through phosphorylation and nuclear translocation in a post-translational manner. The activated IRF-7 then functions to regulate both EBV and cellular target genes involved in latency, transformation and immune regulation. IRF-7 appears to be a key cellular latency protein involved in both the pathogenesis and persistence of EBV infection.

Intracellular Signaling Molecules Activated By Epstein-Barr Virus For Induction Of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7, Luwen Zhang, Lihong Wu, Ke Hong, Joseph S. Pagano

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is the principal oncogenic protein in the EBV transformation process. LMP-1 induces the expression of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) and activates IRF-7 protein by phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. LMP-1 is an integral membrane protein with two regions in its C terminus that initiate signaling processes, the C-terminal activator regions 1 (CTAR-1) and CTAR-2. Here, genetic analysis of LMP-1 has determined that the PXQXT motif that governs the interaction between LMP-1 CTAR-1 and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) is needed to induce the expression of IRF-7. Mutations in the PXQXT motif …

Identification Of A Cellular Protein That Interacts And Synergizes With The Rta (Orf50) Protein Of Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus In Transcriptional Activation, Shizhen Wang, Shuhong Liu, Ming-Hoi Wu, Yunqi Geng, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Lytic reactivation of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), or human herpesvirus 8, from latency requires transcriptional transactivation by the viral protein RTA encoded by the ORF50 gene. Very little is known about how RTA functions and the cellular factors that may be involved in its transactivation function. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we have identified a human cellular protein that can interact with KSHV RTA. The cellular protein, referred to as the human hypothetical protein MGC2663 by GenBank, is encoded by human chromosome 19. This protein is 554 amino acids (aa) in size and displays sequence similarity with members of the …

Mononuclear Phagocyte Differentiation, Activation, And Viral Infection Regulate Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression: Implications For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Dementia, Anuja Ghorpade, Raisa Persidskaia, Radhika Suryadevara, Myhanh Che, Xiao Juan Liu, Yuri Persidsky, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia (HAD) is mediated mainly by mononuclear phagocyte (MP) secretory products and their interactions with neural cells. Viral infection and MP immune activation may affect leukocyte entry into the brain. One factor that influences central nervous system (CNS) monocyte migration is matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the CNS, MMPs are synthesized by resident glial cells and affect the integrity of the neuropil extracellular matrix (ECM). To ascertain how MMPs influence HAD pathogenesis, we studied their secretion following MP differentiation, viral infection, and cellular activation. HIV-1-infected and/or immune-activated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and human …

Regulation Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Β-Chemokine Production, And Ccr5 Expression In Cd40l-Stimulated Macrophages: Immune Control Of Viral Entry, Robin L. Cutter, Jialin Zheng, Myhanh Che, Douglas Niemann, Ying Liu, Johnny He, Elaine Thomas, Howard Gendelman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) and T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Regulation of such immune responses can be mediated, in part, through the interaction of the T-lymphocyte-expressed molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L) with its receptor on MP, CD40. Upregulation of CD40L on CD4⁺ peripheral blood mononuclear cells during advanced HIV-1 disease has previously been reported. Based on this observation, we studied the influence of CD40L-CD40 interactions on MP effector function and viral regulation in vitro. We monitored productive viral infection, cytokine and β -chemokine production, and β-chemokine receptor …

Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Oral Immunogens When Coadministered With Escherichia Coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Mutant R192g Or Cpg Dna, S. Gerber, C. Lane, Deborah M. Brown, E. Lord, M. Dilorenzo, J. D. Clements, E. Rybicki, A.-L. Williamson, R. C. Rose

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cervical cancer, which remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. HPV recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates for controlling anogenital HPV disease and are now being evaluated as a parenteral vaccine modality in human subjects. Vaccines formulated for injection generally are more costly, more difficult to administer, and less acceptable to recipients than are mucosally administered vaccines. Since oral delivery represents an attractive alternative to parenteral injection for large-scale human vaccination, the oral immunogenicity of HPV type 11 (HPV-11) VLPs in mice was previously investigated; it was found …

Differentiation Of Two Bovine Lentiviruses By A Monoclonal Antibody On The Basis Of Epitope Specificity, Ling Zheng, Shucheng Zhang, Charles Wood, Sanjay Kapil, Graham E. Wilcox, Thomas A. Loughlin, H. C. Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are bovine lentiviruses that are closely related genetically. A recombinant fusion protein containing the capsid protein of BIV expressed in Escherichia coli was used to immunize mice and produce monoclonal antibodies. Six hybridomas specific for BIV capsid protein were identified, and one antibody, designated 10H1, was characterized further. Competitive binding assays were performed to analyze the topography of antigenic determinants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and demonstrated the existence of at least three distinct antigenic determinants on capsid protein. The monoclonal antibody reacted specifically with both BIV capsid and the recombinant fusion …

Genetic And Biological Variation In Equine Infectious Anemia, Michael Belshan, Prasith Baccum, J. Lindsay Oaks, Brett A. Sponseller, Sean C. Murphy, James Cornette, Susan Carpenter

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Genetic and biological variation in the regulatory protein Rev of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) were examined throughout a clinically dynamic disease course of an experimentally infected pony. Following infection with the virulent EIAV_Wyo, the pony underwent a variable disease course, including an acute fever episode at 12 days postinfection (DPI), multiple recurrent fever episodes until 135 DPI, a prolonged subclinical period, and two late fever episodes. Viral RNA was isolated from the inoculum and sequential sera samples, and the rev exon 2/gp45 overlapping ORFs were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Novel variants were found throughout infection, and genetic …