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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Virology
Interleukin-17a Facilitates Chikungunya Virus Infection By Inhibiting Ifn-Α2 Expression, Biswas Neupane
Interleukin-17a Facilitates Chikungunya Virus Infection By Inhibiting Ifn-Α2 Expression, Biswas Neupane
Dissertations
Interferons (IFNs) are the key components of innate immunity and are crucial for host defense against viral infections. Here, we report a novel role of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in inhibiting IFN-α2 expression, thus promoting chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. CHIKV infected IL-17A deficient (Il17a-/-) mice expressed a higher level of IFN-α2 and developed diminished viremia and milder footpad swelling in comparison to wild-type (WT) control mice, this was also recapitulated in IL-17A receptor-deficient (Il17ra-/-) mice. Interestingly, IL-17A selectively blocked IFN-α2 production during CHIKV, but not West Nile virus (WNV) or Zika virus (ZIKV), infections. Recombinant IL-17A …
Significance Of Viral Activity For Regulating Heterotrophic Prokaryote Community Dynamics Along A Meridional Gradient Of Stratification In The Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Kristina D.A. Mojica, Corina P.D. Brussaard
Significance Of Viral Activity For Regulating Heterotrophic Prokaryote Community Dynamics Along A Meridional Gradient Of Stratification In The Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Kristina D.A. Mojica, Corina P.D. Brussaard
Faculty Publications
How microbial populations interact influences the availability and flux of organic carbon in the ocean. Understanding how these interactions vary over broad spatial scales is therefore a fundamental aim of microbial oceanography. In this study, we assessed variations in the abundances, production, virus and grazing induced mortality of heterotrophic prokaryotes during summer along a meridional gradient in stratification in the North Atlantic Ocean. Heterotrophic prokaryote abundance and activity varied with phytoplankton biomass, while the relative distribution of prokaryotic subpopulations (ratio of high nucleic acid fluorescent (HNA) and low nucleic acid fluorescent (LNA) cells) was significantly correlated to phytoplankton mortality mode …
Development Of An Attenuated Zika Virus By Editing The 5’ Untranslated Region, E. Ashley Thompson
Development Of An Attenuated Zika Virus By Editing The 5’ Untranslated Region, E. Ashley Thompson
Master's Theses
Zika Virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that usually causes no symptoms to mild febrile in humans, and it has been regarded as an insignificant pathogen to public health. However, recent outbreaks of ZIKV infection have revealed that ZIKV can cause severe neurological effects in adults, such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), and in infants whose mothers acquired the virus during pregnancy, causing Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Currently, no approved vaccine is available and there is a critical need to develop an effective and safe vaccine. While most vaccine developmental strategies target the viral prM-E protein of ZIKV, we aimed to …
Production Of Antibodies For Specific Detection Of Dengue Virus-2 By Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, E. Ashley Thompson
Production Of Antibodies For Specific Detection Of Dengue Virus-2 By Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, E. Ashley Thompson
Honors Theses
Dengue Virus (DENV) is a flavivirus spread by mosquitoes that are endemic in tropic and subtropic climates. It is the causative pathogen of Dengue Fever, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Dengue Shock Syndrome. Besides mosquito transmission, DENV can also be transmitted through blood transfusion. Due to the high expense and expertise needed to run tests like ELISA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based-assays for DENV detection, a rapid, sensitive and cost effective gold nanoparticles mediated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay has been developed as an alternative assay to detect DENV. In this project, I successfully produced a monoclonal antibody that specifically …
Elucidating The Role Of Interleukin-17a In West Nile Virus Infection, Dhiraj Acharya
Elucidating The Role Of Interleukin-17a In West Nile Virus Infection, Dhiraj Acharya
Dissertations
West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurotropic flavivirus of significant public health importance for which no therapeutics and vaccine are currently available. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is an inflammatory cytokine that regulates diverse immune functions, while its role is unclear in host’s immune response to WNV. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells are crucial components of immunity and play a vital role in recovery from WNV infection. Here, we report a previously unrecognized function of IL-17A in regulating CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. We show that WNV induces the expression of IL-17A in both mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured …
Epidemiology Of White Spot Syndrome Virus In The Daggerblade Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes Pugio) And The Gulf Sand Fiddler Crab (Uca Panacea), Muhammad
Dissertations
Ever since the first outbreaks of White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), which causes White Spot Disease (WSD), in Asia in the early 1990s, the pathogen has been a major constraint to the profitability of the shrimp aquaculture industry across the globe. WSSV has a broad host range and is routinely detected in wild decapod crustaceans. In the present study, two common species in the tidal salt marsh along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico, the daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and the Gulf sand fiddler crab (Uca panacea), were investigated for their role as …
Antiviral Responses In Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells: Differential Development Of Cellular Mechanisms In Type I Interferon Production And Response, Ruoxing Wang
Dissertations
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been recognized as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. Intensive research over the past decade has led to the possibility that ESC-derived cells will be used for the treatment of human diseases. However, increasing evidence indicates that ESC-derived cells generated by the current differentiation methods are not fully functional. It is recently recognized that ESC-derived cells lack innate immunity to a wide range of infectious agents and inflammatory cytokines. When used in patients, ESC-derived cells would be placed in wounded sites that are exposed to various pathogens and inflammatory cytokines; therefore, their viability and …
Transcriptome Analysis Of Frog Virus 3, The Type Species Of The Genus Ranavirus, Family Iridoviridae, Sai Majji, V. Thodima, R. Sample, D. Whitley, Y. Deng, J. Mao, V. Gregory Chinchar
Transcriptome Analysis Of Frog Virus 3, The Type Species Of The Genus Ranavirus, Family Iridoviridae, Sai Majji, V. Thodima, R. Sample, D. Whitley, Y. Deng, J. Mao, V. Gregory Chinchar
Faculty Publications
Frog virus 3 is the best characterized species within the genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae. FV3's large (similar to 105 kbp) dsDNA genome encodes 98 putative open reading frames (ORFs) that are expressed in a coordinated fashion leading to the sequential appearance of immediate early (IE), delayed early (DE) and late (L) viral transcripts. As a step toward elucidating molecular events in FV3 replication, we sought to identify the temporal Class Of Viral messages. To accomplish this objective an oligonucleotide microarray containing 70-mer probes corresponding to each of the 98 FV3 ORFs was designed and used to examine viral gene expression. …