Organismal Biological Physiology Commons^™

Clpxp Modulates Cell Growth And Morphology In Cell Shape Mutants Of E.Coli, Ryann Murphy

Senior Honors Projects

ClpXP modulates cell growth and morphology in cell shape mutants of E. coli

Ryann Murphy¹ and Jodi L. Camberg¹

¹University of Rhode Island, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Kingston, RI, 02881

Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs) are a family of prokaryotic membrane proteins named for their propensity to bind the antibiotic penicillin and are involved in remodeling and deposition of peptidoglycan. In wild type Escherichia coli cells, the uniform rod shape is conserved across generations. E.coli cells containing multiple deletions of Low Molecular Weight (LMW) PBPs exhibit irregular shapes. LMW PBP5 (dacA) is a potential …

Transcriptome Analysis Of Listeria Monocytogenes Exposed To Biocide Stress Reveals A Multi-System Response Involving Cell Wall Synthesis, Sugar Uptake, And Motility, Aidan Casey, Edward M. Fox, Stephan Schmitz-Esser, Aidan Coffey, Olivia Mcauliffe, Kieran Jordan

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Listeria monocytogenes is a virulent food-borne pathogen most often associated with the consumption of “ready-to-eat” foods. The organism is a common contaminant of food processing plants where it may persist for extended periods of time. A commonly used approach for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in the processing environment is the application of biocides such as quaternary ammonium compounds. In this study, the transcriptomic response of a persistent strain of L. monocytogenes (strain 6179) on exposure to a sub-lethal concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound benzethonium chloride (BZT) was assessed. Using RNA-Seq, gene expression levels were quantified by sequencing …

Phages Of Non-Diary Lactococci: Isolation And Characterization Of Phi L47, A Phage Infecting The Grass Isolate Lactococcus Lactis Ssp Cremoris Dpc6860, Daniel Cavanagh, Caitríona M. Guinane, Horst Neve, Aidan Coffey, R. Paul Ross, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Olivia Mcauliffe

Department of Biological Sciences Publications

Lactococci isolated from non-dairy sources have been found to possess enhanced metabolic activity when compared to dairy strains. These capabilities may be harnessed through the use of these strains as starter or adjunct cultures to produce more diverse flavor profiles in cheese and other dairy products. To understand the interactions between these organisms and the phages that infect them, a number of phages were isolated against lactococcal strains of non-dairy origin. One such phage, ΦL47, was isolated from a sewage sample using the grass isolate L. lactis ssp. cremoris DPC6860 as a host. Visualization of phage virions by transmission electron …

Cell Bioenergetics In Leghorn Male Hepatoma Cells And Immortalized Chicken Liver Cells In Response To 4-Hydroxynonenal Induced Oxidative Stress, Alissa Laura Piekarski

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Bioenergetic mechanisms responsible for ATP production are essential in carrying out maintenance and cell-specific functions. In this study, hepatocytes (liver cells) were used to test both endogenous and exogenous stress on cellular respiration. The secondary lipid peroxide, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), was used because it alters bioenergetics by increasing mitochondrial proton leak that attenuates mitochondrial radical production and, therefore, endogenous oxidative stress. The major objective of this study was to demonstrate effects of HNE-induced oxidative stress on avian hepatocyte bioenergetics. Various chemical which help enable the determination of oxygen (O2) consumption linked to ATP synthesis (oligomycin), maximal O2 consumption (FCCP), and proton …

Links From Mantle To Microbe At The Lau Integrated Study Site: Insights From A Back-Arc Spreading Center, Margaret K. Tivey, Erin Becker, Roxanne Beinart, Charles R. Fisher, Peter Girguis, Charles H. Langmuir, Peter J. Michael, Anna-Louise Reysenbach

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Lau Integrated Study Site (ISS) has provided unique opportunities for study of ridge processes because of its back-arc setting in the southwestern Pacific. Its location allows study of a biogeographical province distinct from those of eastern Pacific and mid-Atlantic ridges, and crustal compositions along the ridge lie outside the range of mid-ocean ridge crustal compositions. The Lau ISS is located above a subduction zone, at an oblique angle. The underlying mantle receives water and other elements derived from the downgoing lithospheric slab, with an increase in slab influence from north to south. Water lowers the mantle melting temperature and …

Parasites Of Civets (Mammalia, Viverridae) In Sabah, Borneo: A Coprological Survey, Christina P. Colon, Sharon Patton

Publications and Research

Parasite data were collected from unlogged and selectively logged lowland rain forests in Borneo. Scat from a female Viverra tangalunga (Malay civet) in the unlogged forest contained eggs of Capillaria spp., Trichuris sp., Mamomoganomus sp., and nematode larvae. Scat attributed to V. tangalunga contained reproductive products (eggs/oocysts/cysts/larvae) of Capillaria sp., Toxocara sp., Ancylostoma sp. (probably A. ceylanicum), Isospora spp., strongylate-type eggs (probably Ancylostoma spp.), Paragoni­ mus sp. and other Trematoda eggs, Monocystis sp. cysts, Gnathostoma sp. (probably G. spinigerum), the lungworm Viverrostrongylus brauni, pinworm-type eggs, Eimeria spp., Sarcocystis-type sporocyst, dermanysid mites and mesostigmatid mites. Parasites from gut samples from two …

Thoughts On Quorum Sensing And Fungal Dimorphism, Kenneth W. Nickerson, Audrey L. Atkin, Jessica C. Hargarten, Ruvini U. Pathirana, Sahar Hasim

Papers in Microbiology

Farnesol has been best studied for its role in regulating fungal dimorphism. However, farnesol is also a lipid and in this review we analyze data relevant to farnesol’s function and synthesis from the perspective of farnesol and bacterial endotoxins acting as membrane active compounds. This analysis implicates the possible roles of: (1) endotoxins in the regulation of farnesol production by C. albicans; (2) farnesol in the interactions between C. albicans and the host during disseminated infections; and (3) ubiquinones in the mechanisms for unusually high resistance to farnesol by some C. albicans cell types. Finally we discuss the implications …

Systematics Of Protosteloid Amoebae, Lora Lindley Shadwick

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Because of their simple fruiting bodies consisting of one to a few spores atop a finely tapering stalk, protosteloid amoebae, previously called protostelids, were thought of as primitive members of the Eumycetozoa sensu Olive 1975. The studies presented here have precipitated a change in the way protosteloid amoebae are perceived in two ways: (1) by expanding their known habitat range and (2) by forcing us to think of them as amoebae that occasionally form fruiting bodies rather than as primitive fungus-like organisms. Prior to this work protosteloid amoebae were thought of as terrestrial organisms. Collection of substrates from aquatic habitats …

Interspecies Comparison Of Αii-Spectrin Abundance Between Chinook Salmon And Steelhead, Brielle D. Kemis, Ann L. Miracle, Katie A. Wagner, Christa M. Woodley

STAR Program Research Presentations

Salmonids, such as Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (O. mykiss), are a staple economic, recreational, tribal, and environmental resource, yet many populations are unsustainable. This study was part of a broad scale effort to monitor the impact of downstream migration obstacles on juvenile salmonid health and survival, which is an essential step towards increasing Smolt-to-Adult Return ratios (SARs). The objective of this study was to determine if juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead exhibit differing quantities of alphaII-Spectrin Breakdown Products (SBDPs) over two consecutive spring migration periods, indicative of neurogenesis rate and/or biological response to head …

Archaeoparasitology Of Chaco Canyon, Rachel Paseka

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Ancient cultures of the Colorado Plateau have been a focus of archaeoparasitology since its inception, and a vast parasitological history is recorded in coprolites preserved in this arid region. The inhabitants of Chaco Canyon dominated Ancestral Puebloan culture between 1050 and 1120 AD and were responsible for the construction of great towns, road systems, and early agriculture. Analysis of the parasites preserved in fecal remains contributes to an increased knowledge of ancient Chacoan health and culture. Nineteen coprolites from four sites in Chaco Canyon were rehydrated and analyzed microscopically for parasite remains. Rhabditiform and filariform nematode larvae were found from …

Performance Screening Of Chemostat Adapted Recombinant Zymomonas Mobilis Strains, Deirdre M. Beard, Nancy Dowe

STAR Program Research Presentations

Corn stover biomass can be pretreaed and hydrolyzed into soluble sugars to be fermented by microorganisms to ethanol. NREL has developed a recombinant bacteria Zymomonas mobilis 8b that metabolizes both five and six carbon sugars. During pretreatment, toxic inhibitors such as furfural and acetate are produced. NREL has made an attempt to adapt two sub-strains of Z. mobilis 8b to acetate and furfural by using a chemostat method. During the chemostat process, cultures were frozen back in glycerol and saved. In this study, those frozen cultures were revived and analyzed for performance in environments with varying concentrations of furfural and …

Effects Of Land Use In The Ohio River Basin On The Distribution Of Coliform And Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria In The Ohio River, Gene Chou

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Recent studies indicate that antibiotic resistant bacteria can be useful as indicators of water quality (1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10). Studies in our laboratory have shown that fecal pollution did not fully explain the distribution or the frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the Ohio River (27, 28). Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that affect the distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria in aquatic habitat. The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations between land use, water quality, and concentration of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the Ohio River. Mid-channel water samples were collected at …

A Messenger Molecule Governs Interdependency In An Evolved Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Community, Thomas Macelliott Johnson

Honors Theses and Capstones

Biofilm populations are known to harbor great diversity, but the importance of this diversity is not fully understood. A likely contributor to this variation is the second messenger molecule cyclic-di-GMP: low levels associate with a planktonic lifestyle while high levels favor biofilm formation. In ongoing studies of an evolving biofilm population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), we observed extensive ecological diversification that may relate to this lifestyle switch. In PA, the gene bifA encodes a phosphodiesterase that is known to degrade cyclic-di-GMP and reduce biofilm. This gene was cloned onto a plasmid under control of an inducible promoter and the plasmid …

Dorsal Eye Selector Pannier (Pnr) Suppresses The Eye Fate To Define Dorsal Margin Of The Drosophila Eye, Sarah M. Oros, Meghana Tare, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Amit Singh

Biology Faculty Publications

Axial patterning is crucial for organogenesis. During Drosophila eye development, dorso-ventral (DV) axis determination is the first lineage restriction event. The eye primordium begins with a default ventral fate, on which the dorsal eye fate is established by expression of the GATA-1 transcription factor pannier (pnr). Earlier, it was suggested that loss of pnr function induces enlargement in the dorsal eye due to ectopic equator formation. Interestingly, we found that in addition to regulating DV patterning, pnr suppresses the eye fate by downregulating the core retinal determination genes eyes absent (eya), sine oculis (so) and dacshund (dac) to define the …

Evidence Base For The Use Of Selected Complementary And Alternative Therapies By Patients With Diabetes: Preface, Ruth Lindquist, Byron Hoogwerf

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Dean, Lalit Verma

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Cryo-Electron Tomography Elucidates The Molecular Architecture Of Treponema Pallidum, The Syphilis Spirochete, Jacques Izard, Christian Renken, Chyong-Ere Hsieh, Daniel C. Desrosiers, Star Dunham-Ems, Carson La Vake, Linda L. Gebhardt, Ronald J. Limberger, David L. Cox, Michael Marko, Justin D. Radolf

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Cryo-electron tomography (CET) was used to examine the native cellular organization of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. T. pallidum cells appeared to form flat waves, did not contain an outer coat and, except for bulges over the basal bodies and widening in the vicinity of flagellar filaments, displayed a uniform periplasmic space. Although the outer membrane (OM) generally was smooth in contour, OM extrusions and blebs frequently were observed, highlighting the structure’s fluidity and lack of attachment to underlying periplasmic constituents. Cytoplasmic filaments converged from their attachment points opposite the basal bodies to form arrays that ran roughly …

The Influence Of Early Experience On, And Inheritance Of, Cerebral Lateralization, Culum Brown, Jac Western, Victoria A. Braithwaite

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Cerebral lateralization refers to the lateralized partitioning of cognitive function in either hemisphere of the brain. Using a standard detour test, we investigated lateralized behaviour in wild-caught, female poeciliid fish, Brachyraphis (=Brachyrhaphis) episcopi, from high- and low-predation areas. Wild fish were bred and their offspring reared under controlled laboratory conditions. These laboratory-reared fish were screened in the same laterality assays as their parents. We observed differences between wild-caught females and their laboratory-reared female offspring in the pattern of lateralization (tendency to use one hemisphere over the other to process information). Conversely, the strength of lateralization (consistency of hemispherical bias) was …

Properties Of Corneal Receptors In A Teleost Fish, Paul J. Ashley, Lynne U. Sneddon, Catherine R. Mccrohan

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

Corneal receptors have not previously been identified in lower vertebrates. The present study describes the properties of trigeminal ganglion corneal receptors in a teleost fish, the rainbow trout (Oncoryhnchus mykiss). Out of 27 receptors, 7 were polymodal nociceptors, 6 were mechanothermal nociceptors, 2 were mechanochemical receptors and the largest group, 12, were only responsive to mechanical stimulation. No cold responsive receptors were found on the trout cornea. Mechanical and thermal thresholds were lower and receptive field diameters smaller than those of cutaneous trigeminal receptors in the trout, demonstrating greater sensitivity in the cornea. The lack of cold sensitive neurons may …

Affinity Purification And Characterization Of E. Coli Molecular Chaperones, Seung-Hee Nam

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The molecular chaperones are a group of proteins that are effective in vitro and in vivo folding aids and show a well documented affinity for proteins lacking tertiary structure.

Heat-induced Escherichia coli BL21 cell lysate (10 mg protein) was applied to immobilized ɑ-casein (45 mg/g beads) or β-casein (30 mg/g beads) column. After removing a majority of nonspecifically bound proteins with 1 M NaCl, the molecular chaperones were eluted with cold water, 1 mM Mg-ATP, or 6 M urea. Western analysis identified five Escherichia coli molecular chaperones including DnaK, DnaJ, GrpE, GroEL, and GroES. Among samples, ATP eluates showed the …

A Common Pattern Of Somite Cell Rotation In Three Species Of Pipidae, Shou-Yuan Fan, Rafael O. De Sá, Gary P. Radice

Biology Faculty Publications

During amphibian somitogenesis, presumptive myotome cells change shape from round or polygonal to elongated and aligned parallel to the notochord (for reviews see Radice, et al., 1989; Keller, 2000). Although the final orientation of myotomal cells is always axial, the movements that achieve this final arrangement can differ greatly between species. The simplest movement is that seen in Bombina variegata, Pelobates fuscus, and Bufo bufo (Brustis et al., 1976; Brustis, 1979; Kielbowna, 1981 ). In these anurans, after segmentation myotomal cells simply elongate along the embryo’s anteroposterior axis. The urodeles Ambystoma mexicanum and Pleurodeles waltl have a very different pattern; …

A Comparative Study Of The Benthic Population In Weir Ponds Draining Watersheds Of The Fernow Experimental Forest, Parsons, West Virginia, Kevin Dwayne Brittingham

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A study of the benthos of weir ponds draining watersheds of the Fernow Experimental Forest (FEF) was conducted in 1994-1995. The objectives of this study were: (1) to relate differences in weir pond faunas to watershed treatments on the FEF, and (2) to compare current weir pond faunas to those described in 1973 by Steve Harris. In 1971-1972, there were fewer invertebrates but greater taxa richness than in 1994-1995. Total density varied among weir pond and between studies with numbers in the 1971- 1972 study ranging from 26,168 to 79,259 individuals collected, while numbers in the 1994-1995 study raged from …

Ventilation Rates For Carassius Auratus During Changes In Dissolved Oxygen, Collin Nolan

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

This experiment was designed to determine whether dissolved oxygen concentrations would influence the ventilation rate of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Ventilation rate can be determined by counting opercular movements. Opercular movements of the same five goldfish were counted at three different levels of dissolved oxygen to determine whether there were differences in ventilation rates. Average ventilation rates were established for each of the three levels of dissolved oxygen and compared statistically. There were significant differences in the ventilation rates averages at each of the three levels. Carassius auratus will exhibit changes in ventilation rates when dissolved oxygen levels change.

Hyla Albopunctata, Rafael O. De Sá

Biology Faculty Publications

Hyla albopunctata is a medium-sized species in the albopunctata group, adults range in size from 42-52 mm SVL (males average 47 mm and females 49 mm). The head is triangular in outline, always longer than wide. The snout is moderately long and acuminate in dorsal view, whereas in lateral view, it is acuminate and protrudes beyond the mandible to form an angle of 45 degrees over the mandible. The canthus rostralis is rounded and distinct, the loreal region is slightly concave, and the internarial region is slightly convex. The eyes are large, approximately twice the diameter of the tympanum. The …

Effect Of Cold Shock On The Metabolism Of Trichomonas Gallinae, James J. Daly

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The influence of cold (4°C) used to prepare cells for metabolic investigations was examined with Trichomonas gallinae in this study. Cells washed with cold diluent in a refrigerated centrifuge were found to be less stimulated in their gas production at 37°C when exposed to glucose or maltose than cells washed at room temperature conditions. Such cold-prepared cells had higher initial glycogen contents after washing, faster endogenous glycogen degradation rates when incubated at 37 °C, but lower glycogen synthesis in the presence of glucose or maltose when compared to cells not prepared in the cold. However, uptake of glucose and maltose …

The Effects Of Temperature And Ph On The Differentiation Of Trypanosoma Lewisi (Kent, 1880) Laveran & Mesnil, 1901, In A Defined Medium, Carolann R. Rosario

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Trypanosoma lewisi is an arthropod-transmitted protozoan parasite found in the bloodstream of rats. In its life cycle it undergoes cellular differentiation. It is primarily found as the trypomastigote form in the rat and as the epimastigote form in the arthropod, the rat flea. Various studies have been done on hemoflagellates to determine the factors responsible for stimulating the differentiation from one form to the other. Included in these factors are pH, temperature, and protein fractions from fetal calf serum. Recent efforts have also been aimed at developing simple or defined media for physiological or biochemical studies on hemoflagellates. The purpose …

Karyotype Of Geomys Pinetis (Mammalia: Geomyidae), With A Discussion Of The Chromosomal Relationships Within The Genus, S. L. Williams, Hugh H. Genoways

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Summary. Four of the five subspecies of Geomys pinetis were karyotyped. All specimens examined had a diploid number of 42 and a fundamental number of 80. This karyotype was compared with the described karyotypes of other species of Geomys and was considered to be derived from an ancestoral form having a karyotype of about 70 acrocentric elements.

Effects Of Insulin, Sodium And D-Glucose On Amino Acid Absorption In The Intestine Of Rats, Andre-Gerard Craan

Dissertations and Theses

Amino acid absorption across rat intestine in vitro was inhibited or stimulated by insulin depending on the hormone serosal concentration.

The absence of sodium ions from the incubating solution resulted in a significant decrease of L-alanine absorption. However, L-alanine was enhanced in a sodium-free medium by the addition of insulin on the serosal side of the intestine.

A sizable decrease in L-alanine and L-lysine absorption was produced by introduction of D-glucose (0.2 % and 2 %) in the Krebs-Ringer's incubating buffer. Nevertheless, the presence of D-glucose did not prevent the stimulatory effect of insulin on amino acid absorption.

Lactic Dehydrogenase Isozyme Isolation By Disc Electrophoresis In Eight Species Of Fringillid Birds, Michael Edwin Darling

Dissertations and Theses

Disc electrophoresis of tissue homogenates from eight species of fringillid birds showed five forms of lactic dehydrogenase. The relative amounts of isozymes were characteristic for each species. This paper classifies some members of the families Fringillidae and Carduelidae in terms of lactic dehydrogenase isozymes and compares the results to other methods of classification.

Natural History Of Thelazia Californiensis Price, 1930 (Nematoda: Thelaziidae), A Mammalian Eye Worm, Warren E. Parmelee

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Various factors—embryology, host associations, and seasonal changes In eye worn populations—tending to promote the propagation of T. califomlensls were studied.

The early embryology closely parallels that of other nematode species.

The mature embryos remain alive in saline at 35°C as long as 5 days. Dead embryos can be distinguished from living ones by virtue of the rapid staining by methylene blue by the former. Parturient female thelazias release embryos into saline, and embryos are found regularly in tear secretions of infected laboratory rabbits.

Ovic embryos possess an enveloping egg membrane containing chitin. On this account, this eye worm species is …