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Articles 121 - 150 of 216
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Properties Of The Water Column And Bottom Derived From Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (Aviris) Data, Zhongping Lee, Kendall L. Carder, Robert F. Chen, Thomas G. Peacock
Properties Of The Water Column And Bottom Derived From Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (Aviris) Data, Zhongping Lee, Kendall L. Carder, Robert F. Chen, Thomas G. Peacock
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Using Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data as an example, we show in this study that the properties of the water column and bottom of a large, shallow area can be adequately retrieved using a model-driven optimization technique. The simultaneously derived properties include bottom depth, bottom albedo, and water absorption and backscattering coefficients, which in turn could be used to derive concentrations of chlorophyll, dissolved organic matter, and suspended sediments in the water column. The derived bottom depths were compared with a bathymetry chart and a boat survey and were found to agree very well. Also, the derived bottom …
Saharan Dust And Florida Red Tides: The Cyanophyte Connection, John J. Walsh, Karen A. Steidinger
Saharan Dust And Florida Red Tides: The Cyanophyte Connection, John J. Walsh, Karen A. Steidinger
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Prediction of the consequences of harmful algal blooms for humans and other vertebrates is constrained by an inadequate understanding of the factors that promote their initiation. A simple exponential growth model of net production is used for analysis of four time series at different sampling intervals over similar to 40 years of red tide strandings, associated fish kills, and concomitant dust loadings on the West Florida shelf. at least large summer blooms of a toxic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium breve appear to be primed regularly by an aeolian supply of nutrients. Wet deposition of Saharan mineral aerosols may alleviate iron limitation of …
Equatorial Upwelling In The Western Pacific Warm Pool, Robert W. Helber, Robert H. Weisberg
Equatorial Upwelling In The Western Pacific Warm Pool, Robert W. Helber, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Vertical velocity on the equator in the western Pacific warm pool is investigated using data from the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Response Experiment enhanced monitoring array (EMA) centered at 0°, 156°E. The data consist of hourly subsurface horizontal velocity time series from August 1991 until April 1994. Vertical velocity is calculated using horizontal velocity components and the application of the continuity equation. During the first year, from March 1992 until February 1993, data are available from five moorings of the EMA and thus provide nine different combinations of moorings from which to calculate vertical velocity. Four moorings were available during the remaining …
Hydrography, Nutrients, And Carbon Pools In The Pacific Sector Of The Southern Ocean: Implications For Carbon Flux, Kendra L. Daly, Walker O. Smith, Gregory C. Johnson, Giacomo R. Ditullio, David R. Jones, Calvin W. Mordy, Richard A. Feely, Dennis A. Hansell, Jia-Zhong Zhang
Hydrography, Nutrients, And Carbon Pools In The Pacific Sector Of The Southern Ocean: Implications For Carbon Flux, Kendra L. Daly, Walker O. Smith, Gregory C. Johnson, Giacomo R. Ditullio, David R. Jones, Calvin W. Mordy, Richard A. Feely, Dennis A. Hansell, Jia-Zhong Zhang
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We investigated the hydrography, nutrients, and dissolved and particulate carbon pools in the western Pacific sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) during austral summer 1996 to assess the region's role in the carbon cycle. Low fCO(2) values along two transects indicated that much of the study area was a sink for atmospheric CO2. The fCO(2) values were lowest near the Polar Front (PF) and the Subtropical Front (STF), concomitant with maxima of chlorophyll a and particulate and dissolved organic carbon. The largest biomass accumulations did not occur at fronts, which had high surface geostrophic velocities (20-51 cm s(-1)), but …
Annual Cycle Of Primary Production In The Cariaco Basin: Response To Upwelling And Implications For Vertical Export, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Ramon Varela, Robert Thunell, Mary Scranton, Richard Bohrer, Gordon Taylor, Juan Capelo, Yrene Astor, Eric Tappa, Tung-Yuan Ho, John J. Walsh
Annual Cycle Of Primary Production In The Cariaco Basin: Response To Upwelling And Implications For Vertical Export, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Ramon Varela, Robert Thunell, Mary Scranton, Richard Bohrer, Gordon Taylor, Juan Capelo, Yrene Astor, Eric Tappa, Tung-Yuan Ho, John J. Walsh
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Monthly hydrographic, primary production, bacterial production, and settling particulate carbon flux observations were collected between November 1995 and December 1997 at 10.5 degreesN, 64.67 degreesW within the Cariaco Basin, off Venezuela. Upwelling of Subtropical Underwater (SUW) started around October and lasted through approximately May of the following year. Wind speeds >7 m s(-1) were observed between January and June, with weaker winds (s(-1)) between July and December. The upwelling cycle was therefore out of phase with that of the trade winds by 2-3 months. A seasonal cycle punctuated by transient extremes associated with subsurface ventilation events was observed in primary …
Propagation Of Big Island Eddies, Christina L. Holland, Gary T. Mitchum
Propagation Of Big Island Eddies, Christina L. Holland, Gary T. Mitchum
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Using satellite altimetry data, we have observed a series of anticyclonic eddies as they form at the Big Island of Hawaii and have tracked them as they move away from the island. While similar eddies have been observed near the Hawaiian Islands in previous studies, the fate of the anticyclonic eddies has previously been unclear. The eddies that we observed initially propagated to the southwest but consistently changed propagation direction to the northwest later in their lifetimes. This was intriguing to us, as theoretically, the decay of isolated anticyclonic eddies on a β plane should cause them to continually move …
Coherence Of Internal Tide Modulations Along The Hawaiian Ridge, Gary T. Mitchum, Stephen M. Chiswell
Coherence Of Internal Tide Modulations Along The Hawaiian Ridge, Gary T. Mitchum, Stephen M. Chiswell
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Long time series of sea level from tide gauges along the north side of the Hawaiian Ridge and shorter series of dynamic heights inferred from inverted echo sounders moored just north of the main Hawaiian Islands are examined for evidence of internal tides at the M2 frequency. We find that the amplitudes and phases of the M2 tidal components have low-frequency variability, which is consistent with a superposition of an internal tide with the larger barotropic tide. Further, the low-frequency variability is correlated with low-frequency changes in the depth of the pycnocline, which suggests a simple physical mechanism …
Orbitally Induced Climate And Geochemical Variability Across The Oligocene/Miocene Boundary, Hilary A. Paul, James C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower, Aradhna Tripati
Orbitally Induced Climate And Geochemical Variability Across The Oligocene/Miocene Boundary, Hilary A. Paul, James C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower, Aradhna Tripati
Marine Science Faculty Publications
To assess the influence of orbital-scale variations on late Oligocene to early Miocene climate and ocean chemistry, high-resolution (similar to 5 kyr) benthic foraminiferal carbon and oxygen isotope and percent coarse fraction time series were constructed for Ocean Drilling Program site 929 on Ceara Rise in the western equatorial Atlantic. These time series exhibit pervasive low- to high-frequency variability across a 5-Myr interval (20.5-25.4 Ma). The records also reveal several large-scale secular variations including two positive (similar to 1.6 parts per thousand) oxygen isotope excursions at 22.95 and 21.1 Ma, suggestive of large but brief glacial maxima (Mi-l and Mi-la …
North Atlantic Intermediate To Deep Water Circulation And Chemical Stratification During The Past 1 Myr, Benjamin P. Flower, D. W. Oppo, J. F. Mcmanus, K. A. Venz, D. A. Hodell, J. L. Cullen
North Atlantic Intermediate To Deep Water Circulation And Chemical Stratification During The Past 1 Myr, Benjamin P. Flower, D. W. Oppo, J. F. Mcmanus, K. A. Venz, D. A. Hodell, J. L. Cullen
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope records from a suite of drill sites in the North Atlantic are used to trace variations in the relative strengths of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW), Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW), and Southern Ocean Water (SOW) over the past 1 Myr. During glacial intervals, significant increases in intermediate-to-deep delta(13)C gradients (commonly reaching >1.2 parts per thousand) are consistent with changes in deep water circulation and associated chemical stratification. Bathymetric delta(13)C gradients covary with benthic foraminiferal delta(18)O and covary inversely with Vostok CO2, in agreement with chemical stratification as a driver of atmospheric CO2 changes. …
Near-Surface Phytoplankton Distribution In The Western Intra-Americas Sea: The Influence Of El Niño And Weather Events, Nelson M. Gonzalez, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Sergio Cerdeira Estrada, Roberto Perez De Los Reyes, Ivan Victora Del Rio, Pedro Cardenas Perez, Ida Mitrani Arenal
Near-Surface Phytoplankton Distribution In The Western Intra-Americas Sea: The Influence Of El Niño And Weather Events, Nelson M. Gonzalez, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Sergio Cerdeira Estrada, Roberto Perez De Los Reyes, Ivan Victora Del Rio, Pedro Cardenas Perez, Ida Mitrani Arenal
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The space-rime variation of phytoplankton pigments in the western Intra-Americas Sea (IAS), in the vicinity of the island of Cuba, is examined using digital images obtained with the Coastal Zone Color Scanner sensor flown aboard the Nimbus 7 satellite from 1978 to 1986. The results are compared to historical in situ hydrographic observations. A marked seasonality in pigment concentration was observed in waters around Cuba, with an average of 0.07 mg m(-3) in summer (April-September) and 0.13 mg m-3 during winter (October-March). The range of variation in pigment concentration was larger in the Gulf of Mexico relative to the western …
Form Ia Rbcl Transcripts Associated With A Low Salinity/High Chlorophyll Plume ('Green River') In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico, John H. Paul, Albin Alfreider, Jordan B. Kang, Roger A. Stokes, Dale Griffin, Lisa Campbell, Erla Ornolfsdottir
Form Ia Rbcl Transcripts Associated With A Low Salinity/High Chlorophyll Plume ('Green River') In The Eastern Gulf Of Mexico, John H. Paul, Albin Alfreider, Jordan B. Kang, Roger A. Stokes, Dale Griffin, Lisa Campbell, Erla Ornolfsdottir
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Coastal plumes of low salinity water that extend hundreds of kilometers offshore into oligotrophic waters are often found in the Gulf of Mexico. To characterize one such feature, a series of photoautotrophic activity and biomass parameters were measured at 2 stations in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, including pigments by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), autotrophic picoplankton abundance by flow cytometry, photoautotrophic 14C-HCO3- fixation, and Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene (rbcL) transcriptional activity. One sampling site (Stn 4) was in a 15 m deep, low salinity (29.8 ppt) plume 242 km west of Tampa Bay. …
An Upwelling Case Study On Florida's West Coast, Robert H. Weisberg, Bryan D. Black, Zhenjiang Li
An Upwelling Case Study On Florida's West Coast, Robert H. Weisberg, Bryan D. Black, Zhenjiang Li
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Using a combination of satellite sea surface temperature imagery; in situ currents, temperature, and sea level data; and a numerical circulation model, we describe an upwelling event observed along Florida's west coast. Although ubiquitous features of continental shelves, descriptions of coastal upwellings (or downwellings) are generally complicated by the continuum of processes in which they occur. For the case study presented the winds were light, and the baroclinic background currents were steady for several days prior to the event. These conditions allow the evolution of a specific wind-driven upwelling event to be viewed as an initial value problem. The data …
Physical Factors Of Differentiation In Macrobenthic Communities Between Atoll Lagoons In The Central Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), Mehdi Adjeroud, Serge Andrefouet, Claude Payri, Joel Orempuller
Physical Factors Of Differentiation In Macrobenthic Communities Between Atoll Lagoons In The Central Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia), Mehdi Adjeroud, Serge Andrefouet, Claude Payri, Joel Orempuller
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Nine atolls were characterized in order to understand how physical factors control the species composition, diversity, and abundance of macrobenthic (coral, mollusc, echinoderm, and algal) communities inside the lagoons. Only one region, the central part of Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia, was considered, in order to minimise the variation due to regional factors between regions. The lagoons investigated showed a gradient of physical factors, providing various landscape configurations. The physical factors were surface area, abundance of pinnacles, degree of hydrodynamic aperture, and relative importance of passes in this degree of aperture. Macrobenthic communities were characterized by low diversity and strong dominance …
Wind-Forced Reversing Jets In The Western Equatorial Pacific, Megan F. Cronin, Michael J. Mcphaden, Robert H. Weisberg
Wind-Forced Reversing Jets In The Western Equatorial Pacific, Megan F. Cronin, Michael J. Mcphaden, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Upper-ocean zonal currents in the western equatorial Pacific are remarkably variable, changing direction both with time and depth. As a part of the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, an enhanced monitoring array of moorings measured the upper-ocean velocity, temperature, salinity, and, surface meteorological conditions in the western equatorial Pacific for two years (March 1992-April 1994). Data from this array are used to evaluate the zonal momentum balance. Although nonlinear terms (zonal. meridional, and vertical advection) were at times large, reversing jets were primarily due to an interplay between wind forcing and compensating pressure gradients. In the …
Plankton Community Composition, Production, And Respiration In Relation To Dissolved Inorganic Carbon On The West Florida Shelf, April 1996, Gary L. Hitchcock, Gabriel A. Vargo, Mary-Lynn L. Dickson
Plankton Community Composition, Production, And Respiration In Relation To Dissolved Inorganic Carbon On The West Florida Shelf, April 1996, Gary L. Hitchcock, Gabriel A. Vargo, Mary-Lynn L. Dickson
Marine Science Faculty Publications
In April 1996 the Florida Shelf Lagrangian Experiment examined dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) dynamics on the West Florida Shelf. DIC concentrations increased over 2 weeks at an average rate of 1 μmol kg−1 d−1 in a patch of the intentionally released tracers sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and helium 3 (3He). Approximately 20% of the increase was due to air‐sea exchange with the remaining 80% attributed to plankton respiration [Wanninkhof et al., 1997]. Here we present particulate matter concentrations, phytoplankton production, and community respiration rates from the tracer patch that suggest that heterotrophs dominated …
Characteristics Of Wind-Generated Rings In The Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Cesar Fuentes-Yaco
Characteristics Of Wind-Generated Rings In The Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Cesar Fuentes-Yaco
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Eddies are generated in the eastern tropical Pacific (3 degrees S-23 degrees N, 75 degrees-105 degrees W) by winds blowing through Central American mountain passes from the Atlantic. We used Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) satellite imagery complemented with monthly in situ sea surface temperature and wind series from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) to study these eddies and their effect on pigment concentrations in the region. Pigment values in the Gulf of Tehuantepec generally reach higher values in November-March before those in the Gulf of Papagayo. The eddies generated in the …
Micro- And Macrodiversity In Rbcl Sequences In Ambient Phytoplankton Populations From The Southeastern Gulf Of Mexico, John H. Paul, Albin Alfreider, Boris Wawrik
Micro- And Macrodiversity In Rbcl Sequences In Ambient Phytoplankton Populations From The Southeastern Gulf Of Mexico, John H. Paul, Albin Alfreider, Boris Wawrik
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) large subunit genes (rbcL) were obtained by amplification and cloning of 554 or 614 bp sequences of indigenous phytoplankton populations at 2 stations in the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. One station (Stn 4) was located in a low salinity, high chlorophyll plume (the ŒGreen River¹) which has previously been shown to contain elevated levels of Form IA rbcL mRNA while the other (Stn 7) was in oligotrophic, oceanic water. A diversity of rbcL sequences was obtained, spanning 3 of the 4 evolutionary clades of Form I RuBisCOs. Six nucleotide sequences obtained from Stn 4 were …
Equatorial Upwelling In The Central Pacific Estimated From Moored Velocity Profilers, Robert H. Weisberg, Lin Qiao
Equatorial Upwelling In The Central Pacific Estimated From Moored Velocity Profilers, Robert H. Weisberg, Lin Qiao
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Horizontal divergence and vertical velocity (w) are estimated at 0°, 140°W using an array of five subsurface moored acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed from May 1990 to June 1991 during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment. The record-length mean flow is divergent within the near-surface region and convergent within the thermocline, with maximum convergence located at the high speed core of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). This pattern of divergence results in upwelling at and above the EUC core (with maximum value of 2.3 × 10−5 m s−1 located at 60-m depth) and downwelling below the core. The relative slopes in the …
Remote Sensing Observations Of Winter Phytoplankton Blooms Southwest Of The Luzon Strait In The South China Sea, Dan-Ling Tang, I-Hsun Ni, Dana R. Kester, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Remote Sensing Observations Of Winter Phytoplankton Blooms Southwest Of The Luzon Strait In The South China Sea, Dan-Ling Tang, I-Hsun Ni, Dana R. Kester, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The Luzon Strait is a channel between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. This area is traditionally classified as an oligotrophic zone with low primary productivity. Even so, high concentrations of pigment were detected 100 km southwest of the Strait through analysis of historical Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data that the Nimbus-7 satellite collected during the winters of 1979 to 1986. These blooms were observed in December 1979, February 1983, February 1985, and January 1986, when sea surface temperatures measured with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAAs) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) were 23 to …
West Florida Continental Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing 2. Dynamics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg
West Florida Continental Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing 2. Dynamics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Dynamics analyses are presented for the west Florida continental shelf response to upwelling favorable, alongshore or offshore winds using a three-dimensional, time-dependent, primitive equation model. These analyses complement the kinematics analyses of Li and Weisberg [1999]. Results are provided on four topics: (1) the response evolutions to quasi steady states, (2) the across-shelf distributions of the vertically integrated alongshore and across-shelf momentum balances, (3) the three-dimensional structures of the terms composing the momentum balance closures, and (4) the model sensitivity to vertical friction parameterization. The response evolution starts with a local wind-driven acceleration, and it transitions over the inner shelf …
Tropical Pacific Near-Surface Currents Estimated From Altimeter, Wind, And Drifter Data, Gary S. E. Lagerloef, Gary T. Mitchum, Roger B. Lukas, Pearn P. Niiler
Tropical Pacific Near-Surface Currents Estimated From Altimeter, Wind, And Drifter Data, Gary S. E. Lagerloef, Gary T. Mitchum, Roger B. Lukas, Pearn P. Niiler
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Tropical surface currents are estimated from satellite-derived surface topography and wind stress using a physically based statistical model calibrated by 15 m drogue drifters. The model, assumes a surface layer dominated by steady geostrophic and Ekman dynamics. Geostrophy varies smoothly from a beta plane formulation at the equator to an f plane formulation in midlatitude, with the transition occurring at similar to 2 degrees-3 degrees latitude. The transition is treated with a Gaussian weight function having a meridional decay scale that is found to be approximately the Rossby radius (similar to 2.2 degrees latitude). The two-parameter Ekman model represents drifter …
Validation Of Coral Temperature Calibrations, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, William T. Hyde
Validation Of Coral Temperature Calibrations, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, William T. Hyde
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Geochemical analyses of coral skeletons are increasingly used to estimate past sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In this paper we suggest that the standard method of calibrating geochemical time series against a (usually short) local time series requires modification. In order to draw large‐scale inferences about climate from coral proxy data it is also necessary to (1) calibrate against larger fields such as the local gridded data sets and (2) validate results against an independent data set (e.g., early 20th century). This approach has been applied in a pilot study to a coral record from New Caledonia. Despite a high δ18O …
West Florida Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing: Kinematics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg
West Florida Shelf Response To Upwelling Favorable Wind Forcing: Kinematics, Zhenjiang Li, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The barotropic responses of the west Florida continental shelf to idealized upwelling favorable alongshore and offshore wind stresses are studied using the three-dimensional, time-dependent, primitive equation Princeton Ocean Model (POM). When forced with uniform winds, the shelf circulation evolves quickly to a quasi steady state. A southeastward alongshore wind lowers sea level along the coast and drives a southeastward coastal jet with a relatively weak northwestward return flow farther offshore. A southwestward offshore wind lowers sea level along the west Florida coast and raises sea level along the Panhandle coast. Two independent circulation gyres are set up in association with …
Simulation Of Carbon-Nitrogen Cycling During Spring Upwelling In The Cariaco Basin, John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Richard Bohrer, W. Paul Bissett, Ramon J. Varela, Ruben Aparicio, Rafael Diaz, Robert Thunell, Gordon T. Taylor, Mary I. Scranton, Kent A. Fanning, Edward T. Peltzer
Simulation Of Carbon-Nitrogen Cycling During Spring Upwelling In The Cariaco Basin, John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Richard Bohrer, W. Paul Bissett, Ramon J. Varela, Ruben Aparicio, Rafael Diaz, Robert Thunell, Gordon T. Taylor, Mary I. Scranton, Kent A. Fanning, Edward T. Peltzer
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Coupled biological-physical models of carbon-nitrogen cycling by phytoplankton, zooplankton, and bacteria assess the impacts of nitrogen fixation and upwelled nitrate during new production within the shelf environs of the Cariaco Basin. During spring upwelling in response to a mean wind forcing of 8 m s(-1), the physical model matches remote-sensing and hydrographic estimates of surface temperature. Within the three-dimensional flow field, the steady solutions of the biological model of a simple food web of diatoms, adult calanoid copepods, and ammonifying/nitrifying bacteria approximate within similar to 9% the mean spring observations of settling fluxes caught by a sediment trap at similar …
Particle Trajectories In An Indian Ocean Model And Sensitivity To Seasonal Forcing, Meredith A. Haines, Rana A. Fine, Mark E. Luther, Zaihua Ji
Particle Trajectories In An Indian Ocean Model And Sensitivity To Seasonal Forcing, Meredith A. Haines, Rana A. Fine, Mark E. Luther, Zaihua Ji
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Trajectory experiments in a thermocline layer of an Indian Ocean model are used to investigate the role of different meridional transport mechanisms and quantify spreading pathways and rates under different forcing. Particles are introduced along two boundaries: the south Indian Ocean at 30 degrees S and the Indonesian Throughflow. Particles are advected horizontally within the layer by archived model velocity fields (1/3 degrees X 1/3 degrees resolution) for a period of 50 years. The velocity fields are the result of forcing the model by monthly mean climatology (case A). The distribution of particles within the Tropics suggests efficient ater mass …
Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Algorithms For Chlorophyll A And Absorption With Bio-Optical Domains Based On Nitrate-Depletion Temperatures, Kendall L. Carder, F. R. Chen, Z. P. Lee, S. K. Hawes, D. Kamykowski
Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer Algorithms For Chlorophyll A And Absorption With Bio-Optical Domains Based On Nitrate-Depletion Temperatures, Kendall L. Carder, F. R. Chen, Z. P. Lee, S. K. Hawes, D. Kamykowski
Marine Science Faculty Publications
This paper describes algorithms for retrieval of chlorophyll a concentration and phytoplankton and gelbstoff absorption coefficients for the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) or sensors with similar spectral channels. The algorithms are based on a semianalytical, bio-optical model of remote sensing reflectance, Rrs([lambda]). The Rrs([lambda]) model has two free variables, the absorption coefficient due to phytoplankton at 675 nn, a[Phi](675), and the absorption coefficient due to gelbstoff at 400 nm, ag(400). The Rrs model has several parameters that are fixed or can be specified based on the region and season of the …
Western Pacific Interannual Variability Associated With The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Chunzai Wang, Robert H. Weisberg, Jyotika I. Virmani
Western Pacific Interannual Variability Associated With The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Chunzai Wang, Robert H. Weisberg, Jyotika I. Virmani
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Observations of sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), surface wind, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) show that the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) displays western Pacific anomaly patterns in addition to eastern Pacific anomaly patterns. During the warm phase of ENSO, warm SST and low SLP anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific and low OLR anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific are accompanied by cold SST and high SLP anomalies in the off‐equatorial western Pacific and high OLR anomalies in the off‐equatorial far western Pacific. Also, while the zonal wind anomalies over the equatorial central Pacific are westerly, those …
Response Of The West Florida Shelf Circulation To Climatological Wind Stress Forcing, Huijun Yang, Robert H. Weisberg
Response Of The West Florida Shelf Circulation To Climatological Wind Stress Forcing, Huijun Yang, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The response of the west Florida: continental shelf circulation to monthly mean climatological wind forcing is investigated by using the three-dimensional, primitive equation Princeton Ocean Model. Two basic seasonal patterns of circulation and sea surface elevation occur under a barotropic setting: A winter pattern from October to March and a summer pattern from April to September. An interesting finding in winter is an anticyclonic gyre over the northeastern (Florida Big Bend) region that merges with a northwestward flow from the south. The Big Bend Gyre is caused by a convergence of two separate flows: A nearshore along-shelf southeastward flow and …
Orbitally-Tuned Sr Isotope Chemostratigraphy For The Late Middle To Late Miocene, E. E. Martin, N. J. Shackleton, J. C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower
Orbitally-Tuned Sr Isotope Chemostratigraphy For The Late Middle To Late Miocene, E. E. Martin, N. J. Shackleton, J. C. Zachos, Benjamin P. Flower
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We present a Sr chemostratigraphic reference section for the late middle to late Miocene (14-5 Ma) from Ocean Drilling Program site 926 on the Ceara Rise. This site combines a precise, orbitally tuned timescale with a high sedimentation rate (15 m/m.y.), continuous deposition, and excellent biostratigraphic control. The Sr isotope curve is based on measurements of cleaned, planktonic foraminifera at 100-200 kyr sample intervals and it illustrates periods of rapid change in Sr-87/Sr-86 alternating with periods of little change. Chemostratigraphically-defined ages for these intervals can be determined within +/-0.8 m.y. and +/-1.6 m.y, respectively. There is excellent correlation with the …
An Empirical Algorithm For Light Absorption By Ocean Water Based On Color, Zhongping Lee, Kendall L. Carder, R. G. Steward, T. G. Peacock, C. O. Davis, J. S. Patch
An Empirical Algorithm For Light Absorption By Ocean Water Based On Color, Zhongping Lee, Kendall L. Carder, R. G. Steward, T. G. Peacock, C. O. Davis, J. S. Patch
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Empirical algorithms for the total absorption coefficient and absorption coefficient by pigments for surface waters at 440 nm were developed by applying a quadratic formula that combines two spectral ratios of remote-sensing reflectance. For total absorption coefficients ranging from 0.02 to 2.0 m(-1), a goodness of fit was achieved between the measured and modeled data with a root-mean-square difference between the measured and modeled values for log10 scale (RMSDlog10) of 0.062 (15.3% for linear scale, number of samples N = 63), while RMSDlog10 is 0.111 (29.1% for linear scale, N = 126) for pigment absorption (ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 …