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Articles 151 - 180 of 216
Full-Text Articles in Marine Biology
Detection Of The Fast Kelvin Wave Teleconnection Due To El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Steven D. Meyers, Arne Melsom, Gary T. Mitchum, James J. O'Brien
Detection Of The Fast Kelvin Wave Teleconnection Due To El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, Steven D. Meyers, Arne Melsom, Gary T. Mitchum, James J. O'Brien
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Previous analyses of the ocean state along the western American coast have often indicated unexpectedly slow and limited propagation of coastally trapped Kelvin waves associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. In contrast, theoretical and numerical ocean models demonstrate that these Kelvin waves are a rapid and long‐range teleconnection between the low‐ and high‐latitude Pacific Ocean, strongly impacting both the surface coastal currents and nutrient upwelling. Sea level variations along the western coast of North America are reexamined under the assumption that tropically forced Kelvin waves are produced in bursts of several months duration. A cross‐correlation analysis, restricted to mid‐1982 to …
The Influence Of Loop Current Perturbations On The Formation And Evolution Of Tortugas Eddies In The Southern Straits Of Florida, Paula S. Fratantoni, Thomas N. Lee, Guillermo P. Podesta, Frank E. Muller-Karger
The Influence Of Loop Current Perturbations On The Formation And Evolution Of Tortugas Eddies In The Southern Straits Of Florida, Paula S. Fratantoni, Thomas N. Lee, Guillermo P. Podesta, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Large cyclonic eddies on the northern edge of the Florida Current are the dominant mesoscale features within the southern Straits of Florida. The most prominent of these features is a quasi-stationary eddy that forms near the Dry Tortugas. Our observations, compiled from 3 years of advanced very high resolution radiometer measurements in the Straits of Florida and Gulf of Mexico, demonstrate a strong relationship between the generation of anticyclonic rings from the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current and the evolution of Tortugas eddies within the southern Straits of Florida. In six cases, Tortugas eddies evolve from cyclonic frontal eddies which …
Ocean Color Chlorophyll Algorithms For Seawifs, John E. O'Reilly, Stephane Maritorena, B. Greg Mitchell, David A. Siegel, Kendall L. Carder, Sara A. Garver, Mati Kahru, Charles Mcclain
Ocean Color Chlorophyll Algorithms For Seawifs, John E. O'Reilly, Stephane Maritorena, B. Greg Mitchell, David A. Siegel, Kendall L. Carder, Sara A. Garver, Mati Kahru, Charles Mcclain
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A large data set containing coincident in situ chlorophyll and remote sensing reflectance measurements was used to evaluate the accuracy, precision, and suitability of a wide variety of ocean color chlorophyll algorithms for use by SeaWiFS (Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor). The radiance-chlorophyll data were assembled from various sources during the SeaWiFS Bio-optical Algorithm Mini-Workshop (SeaBAM) and is composed of 919 stations encompassing chlorophyll concentrations between 0.019 and 32.79 mu g L-1. Most of the observations are from Case I nonpolar waters, and similar to 20 observations are from more turbid coastal waters. A variety of statistical and graphical criteria were …
El Nino Southern Oscillation-Related Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling In The Western Equatorial Pacific, D. A. Mayer, Robert H. Weisberg
El Nino Southern Oscillation-Related Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling In The Western Equatorial Pacific, D. A. Mayer, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Using 43 years of Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data: Set and related data for the period 1950-1992, an examination is made into the regional dependence of ocean-atmosphere coupling in relation to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The cross correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over the global tropics shows two patterns of significant negative correlation consistent with a local hydrostatic response of SLP to SST: (1) the eastern Pacific, where the correlation is symmetric about and largest on the equator, and (2) the western Pacific, where symmetric regions of-negative correlation are found off the equator, separated …
A Multicentury Stable Isotope Record From A New Caledonia Coral: Interannual And Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Southwest Pacific Since 1657 Ad, Terrence M. Quinn, Thomas J. Crowley, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot, Yvan Join
A Multicentury Stable Isotope Record From A New Caledonia Coral: Interannual And Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability In The Southwest Pacific Since 1657 Ad, Terrence M. Quinn, Thomas J. Crowley, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot, Yvan Join
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A 335 year stable isotope record from a New Caledonia coral (22°S, 166°E) helps fill a large gap in historical climate reconstructions. Although the long‐term coral δ18O‐based sea surface temperature (SST) trend is one of warming, there are notable decadal fluctuations, especially in the early 18th and early 19th centuries. Mean annual SSTs between 1658 and 1900 are estimated to be ∼0.3°C lower than the 20th century average, with interdecadal excursions of 0.5°–0.8°C. Time series analyses of the coral isotope record reveals significant concentrations of variance in the El Niño band; an inderdecadal spectral peak is present, but its robustness …
The Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Observing System: A Decade Of Progress, Michael J. Mcphaden, Antonio J. Busalacchi, Robert Cheney, Jean-Rene Donguy, Kenneth S. Gage, David Halpern, Ming Ji, Paul Julian, Gary Meyers, Gary T. Mitchum, Joel Picaut, Richard W. Reynolds, Neville Smith, Kensuke Takeuchi, Pearn P. Piller
The Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere Observing System: A Decade Of Progress, Michael J. Mcphaden, Antonio J. Busalacchi, Robert Cheney, Jean-Rene Donguy, Kenneth S. Gage, David Halpern, Ming Ji, Paul Julian, Gary Meyers, Gary T. Mitchum, Joel Picaut, Richard W. Reynolds, Neville Smith, Kensuke Takeuchi, Pearn P. Piller
Marine Science Faculty Publications
A major accomplishment of the recently completed Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Program was the development of an ocean observing system to support seasonal-to-interannual climate studies. This paper reviews the scientific motivations for the development of that observing system, the technological advances that made it possible, and the scientific advances that resulted from. the availability of a significantly expanded observational database. A primary phenomenological focus of TOGA was interannual variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Prior to the start of TOGA, our understanding of the physical processes responsible for the ENSO cycle …
Upper Ocean Heat And Freshwater Advection In The Western Pacific Ocean, Michele Y. Morris, Dean H. Roemmich, Gary Meyers, Robert H. Weisberg
Upper Ocean Heat And Freshwater Advection In The Western Pacific Ocean, Michele Y. Morris, Dean H. Roemmich, Gary Meyers, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Mean net surface heating of the Pacific Ocean shows areas of high heat gain in the eastern tropics and heat loss in the western midlatitudes. For steady state conditions, westward and poleward transport of heat is implied. Mean geostrophic and Ekman fluxes of heat and freshwater through the sides of a western tropical Pacific box bounded by World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) high‐resolution expendable bathythermograph (XBT) transects are presented. Water mass properties of currents transporting heat and freshwater through the enclosed region are seen to be modified in transit. Net transport convergences within the volume of water extending to 800 …
Midwater Fishes And Shrimps As Competitors And Resource Partitioning In Low Latitude Oligotrophic Ecosystems, Thomas L. Hopkins, Tracey T. Sutton
Midwater Fishes And Shrimps As Competitors And Resource Partitioning In Low Latitude Oligotrophic Ecosystems, Thomas L. Hopkins, Tracey T. Sutton
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Oligotrophic tropical-subtropical oceanic regimes constitute the largest and most ancient ecosystem on earth, with these enormous areas being characterized by high faunal diversity. The stability and age of the ecosystem have enabled the evolution of many similar species niches where there is considerable overlap in niche parameters such as food and space, resulting in high species packing, especially in the epi-and mesopelagic zones. Competition for limited resources undoubtedly exists and has been described by MacArthur (1972; Geographical ecology, Harper and Row, New York) as diffuse competition where each species is impacted by many other species sharing the environment. Most studies …
Prophage Induction Of Indigenous Marine Lysogenic Bacteria By Environmental Pollutants, Pamela K. Cochran, Christine A. Kellogg, John H. Paul
Prophage Induction Of Indigenous Marine Lysogenic Bacteria By Environmental Pollutants, Pamela K. Cochran, Christine A. Kellogg, John H. Paul
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Lysogenic bacteria may be abundant components of bacterial assemblages in marine waters. The tremendous number of viruses found in estuarine and other eutrophic environments may be the result in part of induction of prophages. Mitomycin C is the inducing agent of choice for prophage induction; however this is not naturally found in the marine environment. We determined the capability of environmentally important pollutants to effect prophage induction in natural populations of marine bacteria. We investigated Aroclor 1248, a PCB mixture, bunker C fuel oil #6, and a pesticide mixture as inducing agents for natural bacterial communities from the Gulf of …
Observations Of Meridional Scale Frequency Dependence In The Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Z. Wang, Robert H. Weisberg
Observations Of Meridional Scale Frequency Dependence In The Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere System, Chunzai Z. Wang, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
It is generally observed in models of the coupled tropical ocean‐atmosphere system that the meridional scales for oscillations at interannual periods are larger than an oceanic equatorial Rossby radius of deformation. Using 9 years of the high‐resolution optimum interpolation sea surface temperature (SST) product of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), analyses are made on the frequency dependence of the observed meridional scales, with emphasis on the latitudinal structures in the central Pacific at 140°W. On the relatively short intraseasonal and seasonal timescales the SST variations are found to occur over a meridional scale …
Tropical Instability Wave Energetics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
Tropical Instability Wave Energetics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Ocean velocity data from an array of subsurface moorings deployed from May 1990 to June 1991 during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment are used to study the energetics of planetary waves in the vicinity of the equator at 140 degrees W. Such waves, observed from August to December 1990, were initiated by barotropic instability arising primarily from the cyclonic shear region of the South Equatorial Current and Equatorial Undercurrent just north of the equator. Subsequently, local barotropic production continued to maintain and modulate these tropical instability waves through a combination of cyclonic shear and meridional velocity component divergence just north …
Large-Scale Estimation Of Transport From The Pacific To The Indian Ocean, James T. Potemra, Roger Lukas, Gary T. Mitchum
Large-Scale Estimation Of Transport From The Pacific To The Indian Ocean, James T. Potemra, Roger Lukas, Gary T. Mitchum
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The objective of this model-data intercomparison is to determine the feasibility of deriving an useful index for fluctuations in the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow volume transport. Due to insufficient direct observations and the present limitations in numerical models, accurate estimation of variations in the throughflow transport on seasonal to interannual timescales is not yet possible; however, an index based on weighted, monthly mean sea level anomalies in different regions of the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans is presented. Numerical model results and sea level from the TQPEX/POSEIDON altimeter show that the large-scale pressure gradient forcing of the throughflow …
Evidence For A Volcanic Cooling Signal In A 335-Year Coral Record From New Caledonia, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot
Evidence For A Volcanic Cooling Signal In A 335-Year Coral Record From New Caledonia, Thomas J. Crowley, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Christian Henin, Pascale Joannot
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Although volcanic cooling events have been detected in tree ring records, their occurrence in marine records has received much less attention, Herein we report results from a 335-year oxygen isotope record (1657-1992) from a New Caredonia coral indicating that as many as 16 interannual-scale cooling events occur within 1 year of a volcanic eruption as determined by ice core records, There are also pentadal/decadal-scale cooling events beginning in 1675, 1813, and 1903 that immediately postdate volcanic eruptions. However, the interannual correspondences are complicated by the fact that some of the cooling events also coincide with El Ninos, which cause cooling …
The Zonal Momentum Balance Of The Equatorial Undercurrent In The Central Pacific, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
The Zonal Momentum Balance Of The Equatorial Undercurrent In The Central Pacific, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Current velocity data from an array of subsurface moorings deployed during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment from May 1990 to June 1991 are used to diagnose the upper-ocean zonal momentum balance at 08, 1408W. The flow field and associated zonal momentum flux divergence are fully three-dimensional over the upper 250 m, consistent with the earliest descriptions and theoretical ideas of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). Estimates of the vertical stress divergence show dynamical flow regimes that change between the surface and the base of the EUC, being essentially linear (modified by nonlinearity) near the surface, weakly nonlinear at the EUC core, …
Analysis Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities By Group-Specific Gene Probing, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, Kendall L. Carder, J. B. Kang, J. Patch, F. Robert Tabita, John H. Paul
Analysis Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities By Group-Specific Gene Probing, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, Kendall L. Carder, J. B. Kang, J. Patch, F. Robert Tabita, John H. Paul
Marine Science Faculty Publications
To understand the composition and photosynthetic carbon fixing activities of natural phytoplankton communities, we employed group-specific ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RubisCO) large subunit gene probes (rbcL) to examine RubisCO gene expression. The rbcL genes from Synechococcus PCC6301 (cyano) and from Cylindrotheca sp. (chrome) were used as probes at select stations to examine levels of rbcL mRNA in specific size fractions (>5 mu m, 1-5 mu m, m) in surface waters of the mouth of Tampa Bay (estuarine), West Florida Shelf (coastal), and from the offshore Gulf of Mexico. Using DNA purified from algal isolates, we demonstrated that the cyano probe …
Basin-Wide Zonal Wind Stress And Ocean Thermal Variations In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Y. J. Yang, T. Y. Tang, Robert H. Weisberg
Basin-Wide Zonal Wind Stress And Ocean Thermal Variations In The Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Y. J. Yang, T. Y. Tang, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Wind data, obtained from the model results of the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), for the equatorial Pacific Ocean from 1985 to 1992, were employed to study the basin-wide distributions for various constituents of zonal wind stress. Forcing the ocean by the individual constituent of zonal wind stress, the upper ocean thermal variation was investigated using a linear analytical ocean model. The interannual variation of zonal wind stress is largest in amplitude in the west-central part of the basin and is dominated by an eastwardly propagating wave. The upper layer thickness perturbation h shows an evolving eastward …
Occurrence Of Lysogenic Bacteria In Marine Microbial Communities As Determined By Prophage Induction, Sunny C. Jiang, John H Paul
Occurrence Of Lysogenic Bacteria In Marine Microbial Communities As Determined By Prophage Induction, Sunny C. Jiang, John H Paul
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Viruses are abundant and dynamic members of the marine microbial community, and it is important to understand their role in the ecology of natural microbial populations. We have previously found lysogenic bacteria to be a significant proportion (43%) of the cultivable heterotrophic microbial population. As the majority of marine bacteria are not cultivable using standard plating methods, we measured the proportion of marine lysogenic bacteria in natural communities by prophage induction. Mitomycin C, UV radiation, sunlight, temperature and pressure were used to induce prophage in lysogenic bacteria from estuarine, coastal and oligotrophic offshore environments. To determine if hydrocarbon pollutants may …
Evaluation Of Sampling Resolution In Coral Stable Isotope Records: A Case Study Using Records From New Caledonia And Tarawa, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Thomas J. Crowley, Suzanne M. Link
Evaluation Of Sampling Resolution In Coral Stable Isotope Records: A Case Study Using Records From New Caledonia And Tarawa, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Thomas J. Crowley, Suzanne M. Link
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We have generated a 40‐year‐long, monthly stable isotope record from a Porites lutea coral collected offshore of Amedee, New Caledonia (22°S, 167°E) to investigate the relation between sampling resolution in coral isotope studies and retrieval of sea‐surface environmental information. We interpret the high correlation between our oxygen isotope record and a twenty‐year long sea‐surface temperature record at the monthly timescale (r=0.88) to indicate that our coral isotope record is an accurate monitor of environmental conditions offshore of Amedee. The character of the signal and the percent variance explained in the record at the annual band, at the quasi‐biennial oscillation band …
Nitrogen Fixation Within A Tropical Upwelling Ecosystem: Evidence For A Redfield Budget Of Carbon/Nitrogen Cycling By The Total Phytoplankton Community, John J. Walsh
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Recent measurements and paradigms suggest that (1) the uptake of dissolved carbon and nitrate by phytoplankton may be greater than the Redfield ratio of 6.6 and (2) the oceans may be loosing nitrogen from an imbalance in the global rates of nitrogen fixation and denitrification. An analysis of concurrent ΔDIC/ΔNO3 depletion ratios within the Venezuelan and Peruvian upwelling ecosystems, indeed, suggests that values of 10.1–28.6 may pertain to these tropical eutrophic habitats. Nitrogen fixation may provide a Redfield balance in at least the former system, with 34–77% of the new production attributed to assimilation of N2. Independent …
Regulation Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities .1. Diel Rhythms, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, J. B. Kang, F. Robert Tabita, John H Paul
Regulation Of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Gene Expression In Natural Phytoplankton Communities .1. Diel Rhythms, S. L. Pichard, L. Campbell, J. B. Kang, F. Robert Tabita, John H Paul
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Marine phytoplankton fix carbon dioxide primarily through the action of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), the first enzyme in the Calvin Cycle. Although the regulation of this enzyme has been studied in algal cultures and higher plants, little is known regarding RubisCO regulation in natural phytoplankton populations. To determine if natural communities of phytoplankton utilize transcriptional regulation to control RubisCO expression, we investigated the diel relationship between 14C carbon fixation and RubisCO large subunit (rbcL) transcript levels, rbcL DNA, chlorophyll a, autofluorescent cell counts and bacterial direct counts for natural communities of the southeastern Gulf of Mexico. Studies …
High-Resolution (104) Years Deep-Sea Foraminiferal Stable Isotope Records Of The Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition, James C. Zachos, Terrence M. Quinn, Karen A. Salamy
High-Resolution (104) Years Deep-Sea Foraminiferal Stable Isotope Records Of The Eocene-Oligocene Climate Transition, James C. Zachos, Terrence M. Quinn, Karen A. Salamy
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We have constructed high‐resolution (104– 105 years) benthic foraminiferal δ13C and δ18O records for the upper Eocene through lower Oligocene of two pelagic sequences, Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Site 522 in the Angola Basin, South Atlantic Ocean, and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 744 in the southern Indian Ocean. These records provide improved constraints on both the timing and magnitude of marine oxygen and carbon isotope events from 30 to 35 Ma. The oxygen isotope records indicate that the ubiquitous δ18O increase (Oi‐1), which marks the rapid expansion of continental ice sheets and a minimum of 3° to 4°C …
Upper Ocean Variability On The Equator In The Pacific At 170-Degrees-W, Robert H. Weisberg, Stanley P. Hayes
Upper Ocean Variability On The Equator In The Pacific At 170-Degrees-W, Robert H. Weisberg, Stanley P. Hayes
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The monitoring of upper ocean velocity, temperature, and surface winds at 0 degrees, 170 degrees W was initiated in May 1988 as part of the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere program. Located between regions of warm (cold) sea surface temperature in the western (eastern) equatorial Pacific, this west central region exhibits large interannual variations in surface wind stress associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Here we report on the first 3 years of data collected at 0 degrees, 170 degrees W, exclusive of an El Nino event. The west central Pacific is a region through which the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) accelerates downstream. …
Analysis Of Ocean Color Components Within Stratified And Well-Mixed Waters Of The Western English Channel, Herschel T. Hochman, John J. Walsh, Kendall L. Carder, A. Sournia, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Analysis Of Ocean Color Components Within Stratified And Well-Mixed Waters Of The Western English Channel, Herschel T. Hochman, John J. Walsh, Kendall L. Carder, A. Sournia, Frank E. Muller-Karger
Marine Science Faculty Publications
In situ pigment and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) data from two distinct hydrographic regions of the western English Channel are used to explore the possible marine DOC contamination of the past satellite estimates of phytoplankton biomass. To compare with field measurements, the individual spectral contributions of DOC, pigments, and water to the total diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kpar, are summed on a quantum basis within stratified waters near Plymouth, England; and for the spectrally averaged diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd, on an energy basis within tidally mixed waters near Roscofif, France. In addition, coastal zone color scanner (CZCS) …
Seasonal-Scale To Decadal-Scale Climatic Variability In Southwest Florida During The Middle Pliocene: Inferences From A Coralline Stable-Isotope Record, Leanne M. Roulier, Terrence M. Quinn
Seasonal-Scale To Decadal-Scale Climatic Variability In Southwest Florida During The Middle Pliocene: Inferences From A Coralline Stable-Isotope Record, Leanne M. Roulier, Terrence M. Quinn
Marine Science Faculty Publications
We have generated a 49‐year‐long, high‐resolution, stable isotope record from a fossil coral, Solenastrea bournoni, to evaluate regional sea surface conditions during the middle Pliocene (3.0 ± 0.5 Ma) in southwest Florida. Continuous routing of the coral slab at an interval of 0.76 mm produced ∼5 to 6 samples per year. The annual cycle is well defined in δ18O and δ13C records confirming the average yearly growth rate estimated from density banding of 4 to 5 mm/yr. High‐density bands are synchronous with the highest δ18O and δ13C values for 79% and …
Tropical Instability Wave Kinematics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
Tropical Instability Wave Kinematics: Observations From The Tropical Instability Wave Experiment, L. Qiao, Robert H. Weisberg
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The kinematics of planetary waves originating from instability of the nearsurface equatorial currents are reported on using velocity measurements from an array of acoustic Doppler current profilers deployed in the equatorial Pacific during the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment. A distinctive wave season was observed from August to December 1990, with wave energy confined primarily above the core of the Equatorial Undercurrent. Particle motions in the horizontal plane are described by eccentric ellipses oriented toward the north, but tilting into the cyclonic shear of the South Equatorial Current. The tilt is maximum near the surface just north of the equator and …
Genetic Diversity Of Related Vibriophages Isolated From Marine Environments Around Florida And Hawaii, Usa, C. A. Kellogg, J. B. Rose, S. C. Jaing, J. M. Thurmond, John H Paul
Genetic Diversity Of Related Vibriophages Isolated From Marine Environments Around Florida And Hawaii, Usa, C. A. Kellogg, J. B. Rose, S. C. Jaing, J. M. Thurmond, John H Paul
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Although viruses from the marine environment have been enumerated, isolated, and characterized, there is little information on the abundance or global distribution of specific phage types. To this end, we studied the abundance and distribution of phages which infect a marine bacterium isolated from Tampa Bay (Florida, USA), tentatively identified (Microbial ID, Inc., Newark, Delaware, USA) as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Using this host, we have isolated over 60 phages from the Gulf of Mexico, Tampa Bay, Florida Keys, and Oahu, Hawaii (USA). These isolates are all Myoviridae, with head sizes ranging from 50 +/- 0.0 to 65 +/- 4.2 nm …
Calculated Quantum Yield Of Photosynthesis Of Phytoplankton In The Marine Light-Mixed Layers (59-Degrees-N, 21-Degrees-W), Kendall L. Carder, Z. P. Lee, J. Marra, R. G. Steward, M. J. Perry
Calculated Quantum Yield Of Photosynthesis Of Phytoplankton In The Marine Light-Mixed Layers (59-Degrees-N, 21-Degrees-W), Kendall L. Carder, Z. P. Lee, J. Marra, R. G. Steward, M. J. Perry
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The quantum yield ø of photosynthesis (mol C (mol photons)−1) was calculated at six depths for the waters of the Marine Light‐Mixed Layer (MLML) cruise of May 1991. As there were photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) but no spectral irradiance measurements for the primary production incubations, three ways are presented here for the calculation of the absorbed photons (AP) by phytoplankton for the purpose of calculating ø. The first is based on a simple, nonspectral model; the second is based on a nonlinear regression using measured PAR values with depth; and the third is derived through remote sensing measurements. …
Accuracy Assessment Of The Large-Scale Dynamic Ocean Topography From Topex/Poseidon Altimetry, B. D. Tapley, D. P. Chambers, C. K. Shum, R. J. Eanes, J. C. Ries, R. H. Stewart
Accuracy Assessment Of The Large-Scale Dynamic Ocean Topography From Topex/Poseidon Altimetry, B. D. Tapley, D. P. Chambers, C. K. Shum, R. J. Eanes, J. C. Ries, R. H. Stewart
Marine Science Faculty Publications
The quality of TOPEX/POSEIDON determinations of the global scale dynamic ocean topography have been assessed by determining mean topography solutions for successive 10-day repeat cycles and by examining the temporal changes in the sea surface topography to identify known features. The assessment is based on the analysis of TOPEX altimeter data for cycles 1 through 36. Important errors in the tide model used to correct the altimeter data have been identified. The errors were reduced significantly by use of a new tide model derived with the TOPEX/POSEIDON measurements. Maps of the global 1-year mean topography, produced using four of the …
Metabolism Of Antarctic Micronektonic Crustacea As A Function Of Depth Of Occurrence And Season, Joseph J. Torres, A. V. Aarset, J. Donnelly, Thomas L. Hopkins, T. M. Lancraft, D. G. Ainley
Metabolism Of Antarctic Micronektonic Crustacea As A Function Of Depth Of Occurrence And Season, Joseph J. Torres, A. V. Aarset, J. Donnelly, Thomas L. Hopkins, T. M. Lancraft, D. G. Ainley
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Oxygen comsumption rates were determined on 21 species of crustaceans typical of the Southern Ocean micronektonic crustacean assemblage during spring (November), fall (March), and winter (June-August). Specimens were collected in the Scotia-Weddell Sea region in the vicinity of 60-degrees-S, 40-degrees-W in the upper 1000 m of the water column. Respiration (y, mul O2mg-1 wet mass h-1) declined with depth of occurrence (x, m) according to the equation y = 0.125 x-0.172 +/- 0.052 (p < 0.05) despite the isothermal character of the water column, suggesting that lower metabolic rates are a temperature-independent adaptation to life in the deep sea. Three species of Crustacea showed a lowered metabolism during the winter season: the krill Euphausia superba and the 2 hyperiid amphipods Cyllopus lucasii and Vibilia stebbingi. Critical oxygen partial pressure (Pc) varied between 29 and 52 mm Hg, well below the lowest PO2 found in the water column. It is suggested that the long nights of the Antarctic winter decrease the effectiveness of visual predation in the epipelagic zone, allowing lowered metabolic rates to be a viable overwintering strategy for some species.
Effect Of Decompression On Mesopelagic Gelatinous Zooplankton: A Comparison Of In-Situ And Shipboard Measurements Of Metabolism, T. G. Bailey, Joseph J. Torres, M. J. Youngbluth, G. P. Owen
Effect Of Decompression On Mesopelagic Gelatinous Zooplankton: A Comparison Of In-Situ And Shipboard Measurements Of Metabolism, T. G. Bailey, Joseph J. Torres, M. J. Youngbluth, G. P. Owen
Marine Science Faculty Publications
Weight- and carbon-specific rates of respiration for 4 mesopelagic gelatinous zooplankton (2 ctenophores, 1 trachymedusa and 1 pelagic holothurian) measured in situ were 2 to 5 times higher than those from shipboard incubations. These results support the theory that removal of deep-living gelatinous species from natural environments can adversely affect their metabolism. The disparity between in situ and shipboard treatments is most simply explained by an interaction between pressure and activity, i.e. a loss of motor activity due to decompression occurred among animals used in shipboard experiments.