Kinesiology Commons^™

Carotid Baroreflex Control Of Heart Rate Is Enhanced During Whole-Body Heat Stress, Davor Krnjajic, Cory L. Butts, Mitchel R. Samels, Shane W. Warren, Tyler J. Benson, Keller M. David

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Whole-body heat stress (WBH) reduces orthostatic tolerance. While impaired carotid baroreflex (CBR) function during WBH has been reported, study design considerations may limit interpretation of previous findings. We sought to test the hypothesis that CBR function is unaltered during WBH. CBR function was assessed in ten subjects using 5-sec trials of neck pressure (45, 30 and 15 Torr) and neck suction (-20, -40, -60 and - 80 Torr) during normothermia (NT) and passive WBH (Δ core temp ~1 °C). Analysis of stimulus response curves (4-parameter logistic model) for CBR control of heart rate (CBR-HR) and mean arterial pressure (CBR-MAP), as …

Biomechanical And Statistical Effects Of Changing The Three-Point Line In Division Iii Women’S Basketball, Katelyn E. Bartell, Jimmy Smith, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The NCAA has recently changed the distance for the three-point line in women’s basketball, which may affect shooting mechanics for a three-point shot. While the fundamental movements of the shot should not be affected by increasing distance, some elements of the shot may need to change to propel the ball the required distance. PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of increased distance of the basketball three-point line on shot kinematics and shooting performance of female basketball players. METHODS: Ten players (19.0±0.6 yrs, 173.7±8.7 cm, 64.0±8.2 kg) from an NCAA Division III Women’s Basketball team shot from the current three-point line, 20’9” …

Gender Comparisons Of The Electromyographic Responses To Knee Extension Exercises With Different Initial Restriction Pressures, Guillermo Perez B.S., Joe Angel Lopez B.S., Murat Karabulut Ph.D, Cscs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The effects of blood flow restriction training (BFR) may be impacted by the several physiological and biological differences found between genders. Since the pattern of regional body composition may be different between males and females, the impact of tightness of the restrictive cuffs (initial restrictive pressure; IRP) might be different for females causing variation in the level of muscle activation; therefore research on a female population is needed to have a complete understanding of BFR. PURPOSE: To compare changes in electromyography (EMG) amplitude (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) in males and females during application of different IRPs of 40-45 mmHg …

Examining The Relationship Between Simple And Choice Reaction Time On Team-Sport And Individual-Sport Athletes, Dylan F. Riedesel, Sara E. Mahoney

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Reaction time is an important aspect in athletic performance. Simple reaction time (SRT), a response to a single stimulus, may be important to nearly all types of athletes; however choice reaction time (CRT), a reaction to multiple stimuli, is uniquely required in team sports such as football or basketball. Literature has shown that generally athletes have faster SRT than non-athletes, but there is limited research examining the effect of sport type of either SRT or CRT. The purpose of this experiment is to determine if team sport athletes have faster SRT and CRT compared to individual-sport athletes and non-athletes. …

Factors Associated With Diabetes Risk In South Texas College Students, Jordan W. Stack, Christine Brumley, Mansi Parikh, Adley Canales, Sara E. Mahoney, Christopher M. Hearon

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

South Texas has a high prevalence of diabetes and college students may be particularly at risk for developing diabetes. Early detection and prevention are crucial to reducing the prevalence of this disease. While increased BMI, sedentary activity and depression have been associated with diabetes progression in the general population, it has not been established whether these factors contribute to increased risk for developing diabetes in college students. PURPOSE: To assess diabetes risk and to determine whether depressive symptoms or physical activity patterns are associated with increased diabetes risk in college students. METHODS: 69 college students were assessed for diabetes …

The Effects Of Heading On Neurocognitive Function In Female Collegiate Soccer Players During An Entire Soccer Season, Sarah E. Nonaka, Scott Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Recently, much debate has occurred regarding the effects of repeated heading by soccer players on their neurocognitive function. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of heading on neurocognitive function in female collegiate soccer players during an entire soccer season. METHODS: Twenty-four members of the 2012 Southwestern University Women’s Soccer team completed the ImPACT test during preseason and postseason, and self-reported the number of headers for the week immediately prior to each testing session. Amount of playing time for each player was determined from records obtained from the Southwestern University Athletics Department. The six composite scores and the cognitive efficiency index from …

The Effects Of Vascular Occlusion Training On Respiratory Quotient And Energy Expenditure When Coupled With Cardiovascular Training, Justin Sprick, Richard Lloyd Dr, James Eldridge Dr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pairing a vascular occlusion training protocol with a bout of cardiovascular training on substrate utilization and caloric expenditure in healthy adults. Methods: 5 healthy adults were recruited to report to the lab one day a week for the duration of two hours for four consecutive weeks. During the first session informed consent was collected, a VO2max test was performed, and a familiarization session with vascular occlusion training was conducted. The next three sessions were randomized for each subject but consisted of the following three protocols. During Protocol …

The Influence Of Dietary Sugars And Acute Exercise On Postprandial Triglyceride And Glucose Concentration, James R. Rowe, Kyle Biggerstaff, Vic Ben-Ezra, Nancy Dimarco

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Examine the effects of prior aerobic exercise on postprandial triglyceride (PPTG) and glucose concentration following a mixed liquid meal (LM) made with either glucose or fructose sugars. Methods: Sedentary pre-menopausal women (n=16; age=28.2±6.1yrs; Wt. = 61.2±10.5kg; BMI= 23.2±2.9 kg/m2; VO2 max =30.8±4.2 ml/kg/min) completed four trials in random order: 1) Control-Fructose, 2) Control-Glucose, 3) Exercise-Fructose, 4) Exercise-Glucose. Exercise consisted of treadmill walking at 65% VO2 max expending 500 calories. Control consisted of resting in the laboratory for approximately 1 hour. Trials were completed 15 hours prior to the LM. The morning after each trial, a fasting (12hr) blood sample …

Lactate Concentration Response To Knee Extension Exercise With Various Initial Restrictive Pressures In Females, Joe-Angel Lopez B.S., Guillermo Perez B.S., Murat Karabulut Phd, Cscs

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Literature remains lacking in regards to the role that initial restrictive pressure (IRP) coupled with resistance training as it pertains to the production and accumulation of metabolic byproducts such as lactate, more specifically in women. Purpose: The present study investigates the importance of the IRP as a variable on lactate concentrations during knee extension exercise in combination with blood flow restriction in female subjects. Methods: Thirteen female volunteers (age 21± 1.35) served as the test sample for this study. Initial health screening, PAR-Q, signing of the informed consent, procedural and dynamometer setting familiarization were completed on the first meeting. Prior …

Comparison Of Ascending And Descending Pyramidal Loading Using The Bench Press, Joey R. Miller

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Individuals that weight train want to know the best way to accumulate a greater amount of volume in a workout to potentially increase muscle hypertrophy and strength. The distribution of the training load during a weight training session could be an important variable in determining total session training volume. The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of load distribution on training volume over three weight training sets utilizing the bench press. We hypothesized that the descending load pyramidal (DP) scheme of distributing training load will produce greater training volumes than the opposite ascending load pyramidal (AP) scheme. …

Comparisons Of Age-Predicted Maximum Heart Rate Equations In College Kinesiology Students, Jaime R. Morales

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Maximal heart rate values are used frequently in clinical medicine and physiology in order to establish a basis for exercise intensity for rehabilitation, wellness, and disease prevention programs. The accuracy of maximal heart rate prediction equations needs further examination for use within exercise physiology, sports medicine, and fitness fields. Purpose: To compare accuracy of age-predicted maximum heart rate equations in college kinesiology students. Methods: Participants who achieved an RERmax of < 1.1 and/or an RPE at max <17 were not included. Forty-one participants (25 males and 16 females, age=26.4±6.7 yrs, ht=167.4±9.2 cm, wt=80.8±23.3 kg, BMI= 28.4±6.2) performed the Bruce protocol in which VO₂, RER, RPE (Borg’s 6-20 scale) and HR were recorded. Two heart rate max equations were used: 220-age (EQ1) and 208-0.7*age (EQ2). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the differences between the two equations and the criterion, with alpha set at .05. Error was calculated as [(EQ1-HRmax)/HRmax]*100 and Bland Altman plots were used to illustrate level of agreement. Results: There were significant differences between HRmax and both prediction equations F(2,39)=88.867, p=.001. Pairwise comparison indicated that EQ1 (194.0 ± 1.0 b/min) was significantly higher …

Red Flags In Family History And Auscultations That May Require 12-Lead Ecg When Screening Athletes, Annise V. Nalepa, Jennifer S. Blevins-Naughton, Jamie Cvikel, Ryan Eaton, Steve J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The main components of pre-participation physical exams (PPE) at the NCAA Division II level include a thorough medical history and physical evaluation (AHA). “Red flags” for risk on the PPE and medical history include, but are not limited to, heart murmur, diagnosed enlarged heart in a family member, unexplained chest pain, and complaints of "skipped" heartbeats. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the use of 12-lead ECG for the PPE would reveal further red flags specific to cardiac abnormalities. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed on all new athletes at Tarleton State University during the Summer and Fall …

Nursing With Eating, Activity, And Supportive Environment (Ease) : Effects Of An Eight-Week Mentoring Program, April V. Lane Hartmann, Laura Van Winkle-Preston, Peggy Mancuso, Gayle Roux, Shannon Scott, Nancy M. Dimarco

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Each year, approximately 2.8 million adults die from complications related to obesity (World Health Organization, 2011). One in three adults aged 20 years or older is obese, and 6% are morbidly obese. This problem is increasing at an alarming rate in young adults, and 20.5% of college students are classified as being overweight based upon their body mass index (BMI) (Adderley-Kelly, 2007). The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge about evidence-based, effective interventions that will enable college-aged, pre-nursing students to attain physical and mental well-being. The participants (N=24) were freshman and sophomore pre-nursing majors who were randomized into …

Cost Of Rolling On Rough And Smooth Ground For Assistants Pushing The Motivation Rough Terrain And Whirlwind Roughrider Wheelchairs, Nicole Leman, Nathan Lowe, Anna G. Mcdonnel, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In less-resourced settings, powered wheelchairs are rarely available for users who cannot self-propel[1]. These users must rely on somebody, usually family members or friends, for assistance to push them across variable terrain[2]^,[3]. In situations where people with disabilities are grouped together, assistants may themselves be disabled. Provision of mobility for the wheelchair user may be a great physiological cost for the assistant. Objective outcomes measures can provide valuable feedback to manufacturers which can constructively influence wheelchair design modification^3,4. We hypothesized that measuring the energy cost for an assistant pushing two types of …

The Acute Effects Of Kinesio Tape™ On Athletic Performance In Healthy Individuals, Kara F. Solomon, Scott P. Mclean, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Kinesio Tape™ (KT) is an elastic therapeutic tape used to facilitate treatment of sports injuries. Use of KT to facilitate performance in healthy individuals is growing in popularity despite a lack of evidence to support this use. PURPOSE: To investigate the acute effects of using KT on performance in agility, sprinting, and strength tasks. METHODS: Eight female college athletes (20.2±1.7 yrs, 75.5±9.6 kg, 165.1± 9.1 cm) performed a 40 yard linear sprint, a 20 yard agility run, and a maximal effort isokinetic knee extension task under three taping conditions; KT, placebo KT, and no tape. In addition to the measured …

Using Curb And Figure-Eight Skills Tests To Compare Maneuverability Of The User Assistant Team In The Motivation Rough Terrain Wheelchair And The Whirlwind Roughrider Wheelchair, Emily Tutt, Anna Mcdonnel, Nicole Leman, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Some wheelchair users who cannot self-propel use powered chairs. In less-resourced settings powered chairs may not be available and users may rely on assistants to push them. In these environments, obstacles similar to curbs are common and living spaces are small^1,2. Efficiency and maneuverability are two key aspects of wheelchair performance in such settings¹ .Validated skills tests for measuring wheelchair performance over obstacles and in tight spaces include timed exercises involving curbs and figure-eight patterns³. We hypothesized that some chairs designed for less-resourced settings would be easier than others for assistants to push in …

Recommended Research Literature For Students In Undergraduate And Master's Degree Survey Courses In Exercise Physiology--A Pilot Study, Cynthia Cronin, James A. Schwane

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE. This was a pilot project for an intended larger study to determine the most highly recommended published research papers for use in teaching introductory survey courses in exercise physiology at both the undergraduate and the master’s degree level.

METHODS. Using Web sites of relevant departments of selected colleges and universities in Texas, we identified 38 faculty members that likely had taught introductory, survey courses in exercise physiology, and their email addresses. We sent a survey to these 38 via email, requesting response via return email, and we sent a follow-up email reminder 15 days after the initial email. The …

Efficacy Of Wii Fit Plus Strength Training In Older Adults Dwelling In An Assisted Living Facility, Chandrasekhar Bulusu

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TACSM Abstract

Efficacy of Wii Fit Plus Strength Training in Older Adults Dwelling in an Assisted Living Facility

Chandrasekhar Bulusu MHS (PT), Sandor Dorgo Ph.D., C.S.C.S

Ross Moore Fitness Center; Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences; University of Texas at El Paso; El Paso, TX

Category: Doctoral

ABSTRACT

Wii fit plus strength training alone to assess physical fitness in older adults is not evident. The purpose of the study was to assess whether regular strength training utilizing the Wii Fit Plus device improves physical fitness in assisted living facility dwelling older adults compared to a non-exercising control group over a twelve-week …

Acute Blood Pressure Response To Aquatic And Land Treadmill Exercise, Dustin P. Joubert, Alex T. Carradine, Brad S. Lambert, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: To determine the acute blood pressure response of aquatic treadmill (AT) exercise compared to land treadmill (LT) exercise. METHODS: 11 Subjects (6 male; 23 ± 2 years; 70 ± 1 inches; 164 ± 32 pounds) completed 3 to 5, 5-minute graded exercise stages (~20, 26, 32 ml^-1∙kg^-1∙min^-1 for stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively) up to 85% age predicted maximal heart rate on AT. Blood pressure (BP) was measured manually at the conclusion of each stage while subjects straddled the treadmill belt for 20-30 seconds. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO₂) …

The Effect Of Herbal Diet On Skeletal Muscle Mass After Resistance Training In Rats, Junyoung Hong, Kijeong Kim, Aram Yoon, Joon Young Park, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Resistance training has been well established as an effective strategy for muscle hypertrophy, increase in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Herbal diet has been introduced as an alternative treatment to alleviate muscle atrophy and therapeutic intervention. However, there is little evidence on the effect of herbal diet on skeletal muscle mass. To investigate whether herbal diet affects skeletal muscle mass after resistance training in rats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) Control (CON, N=8), 2) Resistance training (RT, N=8), 3) RT+Herb (RTH, N=8). Resistance training was performed every other day for 8 weeks using ladder climbing. The …

The Effect Of Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus On Oxygen Uptake Kinetics During Heavy Exercise, Dustin R. Allen, Cory L. Butts, Davor Krnjajic, David Keller, Paul Mcdonough

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The kinetics of oxygen uptake (Vo₂) during the rest to exercise transition are thought to be modulated by intracellular metabolic processes. Diabetes has been shown to slow Vo₂ kinetics, likely due to the impact of diabetes upon microvascular oxygen exchange (Padilla et al, 2007). However, to date, recovery from exercise has yet to be studied in these patients. Thus, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the existence of diabetes would hamper Vo₂ kinetics during transitions to and from heavy leg cycling (H: Supra-LT). Nine subjects (4 control, 5 diabetic) completed three …

The Effect Of Age And Exercise Training On Endothelial Function And Protein:Protein Interactions Among Enos And Its Regulatory Proteins In Rat Aortas, Meredith J. Luttrell, John Seawright, Christopher R. Woodman

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous studies indicate that nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation declines with age. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that impaired NO-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation in aged arteries is due to age-related alterations in protein:protein interactions among endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its regulatory proteins, resulting in reduced NO production in aged arteries. The regulatory proteins of interest in this study are Caveolin-1 (Cav1), an inhibitor of eNOS enzyme activity, and Heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90), which enhances eNOS activity. METHODS: Young (2 mo) and Old (22 mo) male Fischer 344 rats were endurance exercise trained on …

Gender & Sport Related Differences In Electrocardiogram & Pre-Participation Exams (Ppe) In College Age Athletes, Ryan Eaton, Jamie Cvikel, Annie Nalepa, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The NCAA requires all college level athletes to receive a pre-participation physical exam (PPE). However, most colleges do not require electrocardiogram (ECG) screening to help detect cardiac abnormalities. Using specific ECG markers could help detect cardiac abnormalities based on gender and or sport. The purpose of this this study was to provide preliminary information about the usefulness of 12-lead ECGs in detecting potential cardiac risk during sport.

Methods: Division II level college level athlete’s ages 18 to 25 (N=111) participated in this study. Age, gender, height, weight, BMI, blood pressure and heart rate were measured during PPE …

Establishing The Learned Effect Of Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Tests, Joseph R. Secrest, Kylie-Ann Louw, Eric J. Jones, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) is a recognized and well established tool used to measure power output, muscular endurance and fatigue. Changes within the aforementioned variables attributable to a learning effect could reduce the reliability of these measures. The purpose of this study was to establish the number of WAnT trials needed to produce a learned effect and reliability of that effect. Ten apparently healthy college-aged males participated in five trials of 30-second cycle ergometer sprints separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Resistance for trials was calculated at 7.5% of each respective subjects’ weight. This study tracked the changes …

Relationship Between Arterial Stiffness And Cerebral Vascular Reactivity In College-Aged African Americans, Chansol Hurr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

African Americans (AA) have increased risk for cardio and cerebral vascular disease relative to Caucasians (CA). While is it generally accepted that arteries become stiffer at a younger age in AA; less is known regarding cerebral vascular function / reactivity (CVMR) to hypercapnia in AAs. Furthermore, to our knowledge, little is known regarding the relationship between arterial stiffness and CVMR, particularly in young healthy adults. We tested the hypothesis that AAs have elevated arterial stiffness and reduced CVMR during hypercapnia relative to CAs. Furthermore, we hypothesized that there would be a negative relationship between arterial stiffness and CVMR. In 7 …

Prediction Of Total Body And Regional Strength Using Dexa Body Composition Measurements, Alex T. Carradine, Brad S. Lambert, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT Resistance training is a valuable exercise modality but few tools exist to aid practitioners in refining resistance exercise prescriptions. PURPOSE: To determine if a relationship exists between strength and selected body composition variables measured by DEXA; and if so, develop equations which predict total body and regional strength. METHODS: Sixty-eight subjects (Male n = 34, Age = 35±11.96yrs, Height = 181.54±6.76cm, Weight = 97.82±16.68kg, Body Fat = 31.24±8.12% | Female n = 34, Age = 37±12.6yrs, Height = 165.41±5.64cm, Weight = 80.55±18.48kg, Body Fat = 43.00±10.16%) underwent DEXA body composition testing and maximal strength testing utilizing Keiser® pneumatic resistance …

Vitamin D Deficiency In Tamu Female Basketball Players And Supplement Effectiveness, Melissa Bellows, Jon Tanguay, Stephen F. Crouse, Diana Harbourt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose:

Vitamin D deficiency has been defined by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) as a level of serum 25-OH vitamin D less than 20 ng/mL. The Endocrine Society went on to further define vitamin D insufficiency as a level between 21 and 29 ng/mL. Research suggests that vitamin D deficiency could increase fracture risk in athletes, especially females who are naturally prone to deficiency.

Methods: Eight female athletes from the Texas A&M women’s basketball team

(21 ± 1yrs; 88 ± 18 kg; 179 ± 16.5cm; BMI 26 ± 3 kg/m²; black female) were identified to have low vitamin …

Cardiorespiratory And Biomechanical Responses To Simulated Horseback Riding In Healthy Children, Brandon R. Rigby, Zacharias Papadakis, Annie Bane, Jin Park, Peter Grandjean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TACSM Abstract

Cardiorespiratory and biomechanical responses to simulated horseback riding in healthy children

B RHETT RIGBY, ZACHARIAS PAPADAKIS, ANNIE A BANE, JIN K PARK, and PETER W GRANDJEAN

Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technology; Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation; Baylor University; Waco, TX

Category: Doctoral

ABSTRACT

The movement of specific body segments during horseback riding is similar to common physical activities such as walking. Yet, little is known regarding the cardiovascular responses to horseback riding (HBR) which may be due to how difficult it is to quantify the physical work of HBR. The purpose of this study …

High On Grass? Influence Of Terrain On Human Walking Economy., Lindsay M. Wohlers, Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Peter G. Weyand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The metabolic energy cost of human walking has been extensively studied. However, the influence of terrain on the metabolic costs incurred across commonly encountered surfaces is not well understood. Objective: Our objective was to test whether the metabolic cost of walking would vary between treadmill, asphalt, and grass surfaces. We hypothesized that the metabolic energy cost of walking would not differ between the three common level walking conditions: (standard) commercial treadmill, firm asphalt and well-groomed grass field. Methods: Five subjects walked on a level treadmill at speeds ranging from 0.4 m·s^-1 to 1.9 m·s^-1. Indirect calorimetry …

Human Sprint Running Mechanics: Do Right And Left Legs Apply Equal Ground Forces?, Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Peter G. Weyand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: A growing body of research has focused on between-leg asymmetry as a critical factor for athletic performance and dysfunction. Specifically, various measures of between-leg asymmetry during running have been investigated in both healthy and injured populations. However, while the most important factor for running performance is the magnitude and rate of ground force application, it is not known whether the right and left legs typically apply equal ground forces at faster running speeds. Objective: In a healthy population of athletic female participants, we aimed to: 1) compare the mechanics of ground force application between right and left legs during …