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2013

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Articles 391 - 420 of 527

Full-Text Articles in Kinesiology

Skin And Cerebral Vascular Function / Reactivity In Healthy Young Adult African Americans, Kiyoung Kim Feb 2013

Skin And Cerebral Vascular Function / Reactivity In Healthy Young Adult African Americans, Kiyoung Kim

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

African Americans (AA) are at an increased risk for cardio and cerebral vascular disease relative to Caucasians (CA) and the underlying impairments manifest as early as the second generation prior to overt signs of risk. The mechanisms of this increased risk are multifactorial; however, evidence suggests that microvascular dysfunction is a primary contributor. This study tested the hypothesis that microvascular function, indexed by the skin vascular conductance (SkVc) response to local heating, is impaired in young otherwise healthy AAs. Furthermore, we hypothesized that AAs have an attenuated cerebral vasodilator response to hypercapnia. To date complete data sets have has been …

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Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics During Concentric And Eccentric Phases Of Heavy Resistance Exercise, Gilbert Moralez, Steven A. Romero, Caroline A. Rickards, Peter B. Raven, William H. Cooke Feb 2013

Cerebrovascular Hemodynamics During Concentric And Eccentric Phases Of Heavy Resistance Exercise, Gilbert Moralez, Steven A. Romero, Caroline A. Rickards, Peter B. Raven, William H. Cooke

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rapid and drastic fluctuations in arterial blood pressures, such as those occurring during heavy resistance exercise pose a unique challenge to the maintenance of cerebral perfusion. During high-intensity leg cycling, regulation of cerebral perfusion is reduced by rapid decreases in beat-to-beat fluctuations in blood pressure (diastolic phase) rather than rapid increases (systolic phase). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that rhythmic heavy resistance exercise will similarly impair the regulation of cerebral blood flow during the diastolic phase of beat-to-beat fluctuations in pressure. We studied seven healthy male subjects. Beat-to-beat finger arterial pressures, and middle cerebral artery …

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Vasodilation To Pth 1-84 In Bone Resistance Arteries Of Rats Occurs Via Endothelium-Dependent, Rather Than Endothelium-Independent Signaling, Tyler J. Benson, Rhonda D. Prisby Feb 2013

Vasodilation To Pth 1-84 In Bone Resistance Arteries Of Rats Occurs Via Endothelium-Dependent, Rather Than Endothelium-Independent Signaling, Tyler J. Benson, Rhonda D. Prisby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a potent vasodilator, causing systemic hypotension. Previous investigations concluded that vasodilation to PTH in a variety of vascular beds occurs via inhibition of L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle cells. Further, removal of the endothelium in aortic strips and tail arteries did not inhibit relaxation to PTH, suggesting that vasodilation in these vessels does not require nitric oxide (NO) or vascular endothelial cells (Pang et al., 1985; Nickols 1987; Nickols et al., 1986; Crass et al., 1988). We have previously shown that PTH 1-84 augments vasodilation to ~52% of maximum diameter in the femoral principal nutrient …

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Comparing Three Methods Of Measuring Skin Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment, Randall R. Williams, Adam S. Venable, Brian K. Mcfarlin Feb 2013

Comparing Three Methods Of Measuring Skin Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment, Randall R. Williams, Adam S. Venable, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise in a hot, humid environment substantially increases the physiological stress of exercise. Most of the techniques that are currently used to monitor changes in skin temperature have been in use for more than 20 years with little innovation. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: 1) to compare three techniques for measuring skin temperature (wired skin electrode, wireless temperature data logger, and thermal imaging) and 2) to compare and contrast these measures in men and women completing 45-min of cycling in a hot (39±2°C), humid (45±5% RH) environment. The CPHS committee approved all procedures described in this report …

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Effects Of Capsaicin And Evodiamine Ingestion On Energy Expenditure And Fat Oxidation At Rest And After Moderately-Intense Exercise In Young Men, Neil A. Schwarz, Mike Spillane, Paul La Bounty, Pete Grandjean, Brian Leutholtz, Darryn S. Willoughby Feb 2013

Effects Of Capsaicin And Evodiamine Ingestion On Energy Expenditure And Fat Oxidation At Rest And After Moderately-Intense Exercise In Young Men, Neil A. Schwarz, Mike Spillane, Paul La Bounty, Pete Grandjean, Brian Leutholtz, Darryn S. Willoughby

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Capsaicin and evodiamine are two thermogenic agents each recognized for their ability to stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and are thus found in many dietary supplements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the effects that capsaicin and evodiamine have on hemodynamics, energy expenditure, and markers of lipid oxidation while at rest and after a single bout of moderate-intensity exercise in young men. In a randomized, cross-over design, 11 men orally ingested 500 mg of capsaicin, evodiamine, or placebo while at rest after 30 minutes of resting energy expenditure assessment using open-circuit spirometry. After an additional 30 minutes …

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Association Of Cardiovascular Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome In Male Police Officers, Matthew S. Schmidt, Steve Martin Feb 2013

Association Of Cardiovascular Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome In Male Police Officers, Matthew S. Schmidt, Steve Martin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). A study by Jurca and coworkers (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(8):1301-1307, 2004) found a relationship between aerobic fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). In addition, recent work in our lab (Int J Exerc Sci 2(1): S43, 2009) has supported these findings. However, research exploring this relationship is still lacking in male police officers. Previous research has suggested that the prevalence of CAD in police …

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Gender Differences In Skin And Core Body Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment., Adam S. Venable, Randall R. Williams, Brian K. Mcfarlin Feb 2013

Gender Differences In Skin And Core Body Temperature During Exercise In A Hot, Humid Environment., Adam S. Venable, Randall R. Williams, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background. It is universally accepted that men and women regulate heat differently during exercise in hot, humid environments. Despite this common knowledge, little empirical data is available to explain how gender differences effect core/skin temperature changes. Further, the data that is available includes only limited measurement sites and/or time points. Methods. The purpose of this study was to measure the heat regulatory patterns for both men and women during 60-min of exercise in a hot, humid environment. Twenty aerobically fit subjects (10 men; 10 women) completed an acclimation session followed by a 60-min exercise protocol in an environmental chamber set …

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Association Of Cardiovascular Fitness And Syndrome X In Male Firefighters, Adam C. Sanchez, Steven E. Martin, Brad S. Lambert, Alex Carradine, John S. Green Facsm, Steve F. Crouse Facsm Feb 2013

Association Of Cardiovascular Fitness And Syndrome X In Male Firefighters, Adam C. Sanchez, Steven E. Martin, Brad S. Lambert, Alex Carradine, John S. Green Facsm, Steve F. Crouse Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. A study by Jurca and coworkers (Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(8):1301-1307, 2004) found a relationship between cardiovascular fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). In addition, recent work in our lab (Int J Exerc Sci 2(1): S43, 2009) has supported these findings. However, research exploring this relationship is still lacking in male firefighters, whose leading cause of line-of-duty deaths is heart attacks. Purpose: To further …

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Deptor Expression Correlates With Muscle Protein Synthesis, Kevin L. Shimkus, Elyse V. Wudeck, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Mats I. Nilsson, Nicholas P. Greene, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey Feb 2013

Deptor Expression Correlates With Muscle Protein Synthesis, Kevin L. Shimkus, Elyse V. Wudeck, Yasaman Shirazi-Fard, Mats I. Nilsson, Nicholas P. Greene, Harry A. Hogan, James D. Fluckey

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has long been declared a focal point of muscle protein synthesis. mTORC1 (an mTOR complex consisting of mTOR, raptor, PRAS40, and mLST8) has been associated with regulation of protein translation in muscle, altering expression and activity levels of key downstream targets S6K1 and eIF-4E-BP1. mTORC1 has been shown to be affected by various stimuli, including nutritional status, growth factors, and mechanical loading. But in past incidents we have found disconnects in muscle protein synthesis and mTOR signaling, stimulating discussions that mTOR content and activation alone may not be able to fully account for muscle protein …

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Accuracy Of Various Newer Pedometers Placed At Different Body Sites, Victor Lee, Wonil Park, Byungmo Ku, Hirofumi Tanaka Feb 2013

Accuracy Of Various Newer Pedometers Placed At Different Body Sites, Victor Lee, Wonil Park, Byungmo Ku, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Pedometers are increasingly used as a self-monitoring aid for achieving and increasing daily physical activity. Older pedometers had varied levels of accuracy ranging from 0 to 45% difference and were needed to be positioned in a certain way (on the waist). Newer models can be placed anywhere on the body but its accuracy is unknown when they are placed at different bodily sites. Purpose: We determined the accuracy of various newer pedometers under controlled laboratory and free walking conditions. Method: A total of 40 subjects (20 male and 20 female) varying widely in age (18-61 years) and BMI (18-38 …

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Transiently Silencing Genes Associated With Voluntary Physical Activity Using Intravenous Injection Of Vivo‐Morpholinos, David P. Ferguson, Emily E. Schmidt, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot Feb 2013

Transiently Silencing Genes Associated With Voluntary Physical Activity Using Intravenous Injection Of Vivo‐Morpholinos, David P. Ferguson, Emily E. Schmidt, Dr.Timothy Lightfoot

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical inactivity has been associated with several diseases and conditions with multiple candidate genes proposed to regulate voluntary physical activity. However, there has not been a reliable method to silence candidate genes in vivo to determine causal mechanisms of physical activity regulation. The novel molecular biology tool, Vivo‐morpholinos, is a potential method to transiently silence specific genes. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the use of Vivo‐morpholinos in a mouse model for voluntary physical activity with several sub‐objectives. We observed that Vivomorpholinos achieved between 60 – 97% knockdown of Drd1‐, Vmat2‐, and Glut4‐protein in skeletal muscle, the …

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Aquatic Treadmill Training Reduces Blood Pressure Reactivity To Acute Graded Exercise In Previously Sedentary Adults, Brad S. Lambert, Nicholas P. Greene, Dustin P. Joubert, Steven E. Riechman, James D. Fluckey, Stephen F. Crouse, Alex T. Carradine Feb 2013

Aquatic Treadmill Training Reduces Blood Pressure Reactivity To Acute Graded Exercise In Previously Sedentary Adults, Brad S. Lambert, Nicholas P. Greene, Dustin P. Joubert, Steven E. Riechman, James D. Fluckey, Stephen F. Crouse, Alex T. Carradine

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Endurance exercise may reduce blood pressure and improve vasodilatory capacity thereby blunting the hypertensive response to stress. To test the efficacy of a novel model of low-impact endurance training, the aquatic-based treadmill (ATM), to improve blood pressure parameters, we recruited 60 sedentary adults and randomized to 12-weeks of either ATM (n = 36 [19 men, 17 women] , 41±2 yr, 173.58 ±1.58cm, 93.19 ±3.15kg) or land-based treadmill (LTM, n = 24 [11 men, 13 women], 42 ±2yr, 170.39 ±1.94cm, 88.14 ±3.6kg) training; 3sessions·wk-1, progressing to 500 kcal·session-1, 85% VO2max. The maximal Bruce treadmill test protocol was performed before and after …

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Inter-Individual Differences In Tolerance To A Simulated Hemorrhage Challenge During Heat Stress: Cerebrovascular Control, Joshua F. Lee, Kevin M. Christmas, Chansol Hurr, Kiyoung Kim, R. Matthew Brothers, Michelle L. Harrison Feb 2013

Inter-Individual Differences In Tolerance To A Simulated Hemorrhage Challenge During Heat Stress: Cerebrovascular Control, Joshua F. Lee, Kevin M. Christmas, Chansol Hurr, Kiyoung Kim, R. Matthew Brothers, Michelle L. Harrison

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A high degree of inter-individual variability exists in heat stress (HS) -induced reductions in orthostatic tolerance relative to normothermia (NT), which may be associated with HS-mediated reductions in cerebral perfusion, and thus mechanisms of cerebrovascular control during hypotensive challenges. This study tested two hypotheses; 1) the magnitude of increase in cerebral autoregulation (CA) would be negatively correlated with the difference in tolerance to graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) 30 [assessed with a cumulative stress index (CSI)] during HS relative to NT (CSIdiff), and 2) cerebrovascular sensitivity to HS-induced hypocapnia would be positively correlated with CSIdiff. Subjects (N=13) were exposed …

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Eating And Exercise Behaviors, And Motivational Differences Between Kinesiology Majors And Non-Majors, Elizabeth L. Haddock, Stacey A. Gaines Feb 2013

Eating And Exercise Behaviors, And Motivational Differences Between Kinesiology Majors And Non-Majors, Elizabeth L. Haddock, Stacey A. Gaines

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Eating and exercise behaviors have garnered a substantial amount of research attention. Several health risks are known to be lower in individuals who exercise, yet only 35% of college students exercise on a regular basis (Silliman, Rodas-Fortier, & Neyman, 2004). Despite the evidence suggesting healthy eating and exercise habits to reduce chronic disease, college students typically do not meet their own stated goals for exercise and nutrition, or goals set forth by national guidelines (Walace, et al., 2000). Therefore, a college campus is a challenging yet necessary setting for people to overcome barriers and obstacles in their lives that may …

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The Analysis Of Two Different Types Of Tapers On Exercise Performance, Christina Rial, David L. Nichols Ph.D., Facsm Feb 2013

The Analysis Of Two Different Types Of Tapers On Exercise Performance, Christina Rial, David L. Nichols Ph.D., Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in a step taper and an exponential decay taper across time. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups, the step (n = 9) or exponential decay (n = 11) group. The participant’s baseline tested, trained for 4 weeks, pre tested, tapered for one week, and then post tested. The exponential group (15.56 ± 1.33; 10.64 ± 1.21) had a significantly lower RPE compared to the step group (16.20 ± 2.68; 11.13 ± 0.64) in stage 4 of the pretest and in stage 2 of the posttest (p ≤ .05). …

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Muscle Activation In Barefoot Running, Jerroed Roberson Feb 2013

Muscle Activation In Barefoot Running, Jerroed Roberson

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation in the lower leg while wearing normal athletic shoes and Vibram Fivefinger toe shoes.

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The Effects Of Oxyelite Pro On The Response To Maximal Exercise, Vanessa Romero Feb 2013

The Effects Of Oxyelite Pro On The Response To Maximal Exercise, Vanessa Romero

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Caffeine has been recognized for years as an ergogenic aid to exercise performance. Commonly found in energy drinks, sports gels and pre workout supplements caffeine is also a primary ingredient in one of American’s highly sought after quick fix__ diet aids. Not regulated by the FDA and commonly abused, diet pills fail to address what impact, if any, they may have on one’s exercise response that could compromise safety. With recent research finding exercise performance to be enhanced after ingestion of caffeine and appetite suppressant mixture as compared to either drug alone, this study sets out to investigate the effects …

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The Effects Of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation On Blood Lactate Accumulation, Tyler Story Feb 2013

The Effects Of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation On Blood Lactate Accumulation, Tyler Story

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on blood lactate and muscle soreness.

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The Effects Of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Drink On Maximal Exercise Performance, Martin Ricketts Feb 2013

The Effects Of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate Drink On Maximal Exercise Performance, Martin Ricketts

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this study was to evaluate maximal exercise performance values of men following consumption of Gatorade Prime.

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Effect Of Kinesio Taping On Biceps Brachii Isokinetic Function In Healthy Subjects, Phuoc Nguyen Feb 2013

Effect Of Kinesio Taping On Biceps Brachii Isokinetic Function In Healthy Subjects, Phuoc Nguyen

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of Kinesio taping on biceps brachii muscle performance during an isokinetic exercise (biceps curls).

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Thermal Therapy And The Effects Of Hot And Cold On Blood Lactate After An Isotonic Exercise, Yen Pham Feb 2013

Thermal Therapy And The Effects Of Hot And Cold On Blood Lactate After An Isotonic Exercise, Yen Pham

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) describes a phenomenon of muscle pain or soreness that frequently occurs as a result of strenuous physical activity. DOMS occurs especially during the first few days after such activity. Because DOMS results in functional loss and related activity restriction, prevention and treatment are both important factors to recreational and competitive athletes, and to anyone who participates in vigorous exercises and activities of daily living. Lactic acid and its accumulation was once thought to be a major cause of DOMS, however this is not the case. Research suggested that blood lactate returns to resting levels within one …

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Comparing The Efficacy Of Pre Carbohydrate Supplements In Drink And Chew Form On Vo2 Max, Lactate, Glucose, And Heart Rate, Andrew Owens Feb 2013

Comparing The Efficacy Of Pre Carbohydrate Supplements In Drink And Chew Form On Vo2 Max, Lactate, Glucose, And Heart Rate, Andrew Owens

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this study was to determine if a pre exercise carbohydrate in chew form was more beneficial towards maximal exercise than in drink form.

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The Effects Of O2 Gold Advanced On Vo2 Max Test, Kathleen Morel Feb 2013

The Effects Of O2 Gold Advanced On Vo2 Max Test, Kathleen Morel

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

INTRODUCTION: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) is the maximum capacity of the body to transport and utilize oxygen during incremental exercise. It is expressed either as an absolute rate in liters of oxygen per minute (L/min) or as a relative rate in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). Research has shown that nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of blood flow and mitochondrial respiration during physical exercise. The specific purpose of this research study is to determine the effects of nitric oxide supplements, specifically O2 Gold Advanced, on maximal testing and whether it increases VO2 …

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Effect Of A Pre-Workout Supplement On Performance During A Maximal Exertion Vo2 Max Test, Christopher Mcneely Feb 2013

Effect Of A Pre-Workout Supplement On Performance During A Maximal Exertion Vo2 Max Test, Christopher Mcneely

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a pre-workout supplement (MusclePrime) on the performance of men and women during a VO2max treadmill test.

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Zumba: Analysis Of Fitness, Ashley Hackney Feb 2013

Zumba: Analysis Of Fitness, Ashley Hackney

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Zumba is a Colombian dance based fitness program that was developed in the late 1990s. The exercises use music with fast and slow rhythms and may also include resistance training. This new and sometimes intense workout is also being introduced to many women as a way to lose weight.

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The Effects Of Bicycle Warm Up On Maximal Exercise Performance, Bruce Lamotte Feb 2013

The Effects Of Bicycle Warm Up On Maximal Exercise Performance, Bruce Lamotte

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Warm up is widely used in athletic events. Warm up is primarily used to increase performance through increasing muscle and core temperature. The increase in muscle and core temperature is thought to increase blood flow throughout the body, and therefore increase oxygen delivery to the exercising muscles (Bishop et al, 2002). Warm up also acts to reduce muscle and joint stiffness, increase transmission rate of nerve impulses, and change the force velocity relationship (Bishop, 2003)

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The Accuracy Of The Traditional Predicted Maximal Heart Rate And Related Equations, Melvin Ibana Feb 2013

The Accuracy Of The Traditional Predicted Maximal Heart Rate And Related Equations, Melvin Ibana

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Most aerobic exercise programs are based on a percentage of an individual’s maximal heart or heart rate reserve, of which maximal heart rate is a component. Maximal heart rate is the highest heart rate achieved by an individual while working at their maximal intensity, usually to fatigue. Maximal heart rate is related to an individual’s age but is not completely dependent upon it. But there are risks that come with exercising maximally and some people do not want to put forth the effort; hence, prediction equations were created. Numerous equations for the prediction of maximal heart rate have been created, …

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The Effects Of An Energy Drink On Performance, Connie Fair Feb 2013

The Effects Of An Energy Drink On Performance, Connie Fair

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

Athletes and individuals alike are always in search of something to increase their ability to perform. Caffeine is not a new substance to sports and has been shown, in some studies, to help performance. Energy drinks have become a major source of caffeine consumption in recent years. With the increase in consumption come questions as to whether these drinks will actually live up to their claims of increased energy, concentration, performance and reduced reaction time.

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The Acute Effects Of A Deep Breathing Warm Up On Vo2, Hr, Rpe, And Time To Exhaustion, Cliff Gardner Feb 2013

The Acute Effects Of A Deep Breathing Warm Up On Vo2, Hr, Rpe, And Time To Exhaustion, Cliff Gardner

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this study was to determine what effects, if any, that a deep breathing warm up will have on HR, RPE, VO2, and time to exhaustion during a Bruce Protocol VO2 Max Test.

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Right Leg Strength Of Soccer Players With In Comparison Of Forward And Defense Position, Brian Brunet Feb 2013

Right Leg Strength Of Soccer Players With In Comparison Of Forward And Defense Position, Brian Brunet

Kinesiology Student Research - Archive

The purpose of this experiment was to compare the strength of the right quadriceps and hamstring muscles of soccer players in the forward (F) and defense (D) positions.

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