Kinesiology Commons^™

Promoting Healthy Food Preferences From The Start: A Narrative Review Of Food Preference Learning From The Prenatal Period Through Early Childhood, S. Anzman-Frasca, Alison K. Ventura, S. Ehrenberg, K. P. Myers

Kinesiology and Public Health

The palatable, energy-dense foods that characterize modern environments can promote unhealthy eating habits, along with humans’ predispositions to accept sweet tastes and reject those that are sour or bitter. Yet food preferences are malleable, and examining food preference learning during early life can highlight ways to promote acceptance of healthier foods. This narrative review describes research from the past 10 years focused on food preference learning from the prenatal period through early childhood (ages 2–5 years). Exposure to a variety of healthy foods from the start, including during the prenatal period, early milk-feeding and the introduction to complementary foods and …

Does Breastfeeding Shape Food Preferences? Links To Obesity, Alison K. Ventura

Kinesiology and Public Health

The first 2 years of life have been recognized as a critical window for obesity prevention efforts. This period is characterized by rapid growth and development and, in a relatively short period of time, a child transitions from a purely milk-based diet to a more varied solid-food diet. Much learning about food and eating occurs during this critical window, and it is well-documented that early feeding and dietary exposures predict later food preferences, eating behaviors, and dietary patterns. The focus of this review will be on the earliest feeding experiences - breast- and formula-feeding - and the unique role of …

Associations Between Bottle-Feeding Intensity And Maternal Encouragement Of Bottle-Emptying, Alison K. Ventura, Patsy Garcia, Andrew A. Schaffner

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: To explore longitudinal associations between bottle-feeding and maternal encouragement of infant bottle-emptying during the first 6 months of infancy.

Design: Mothers completed questionnaires during the third trimester of pregnancy, then monthly during the first 6 months postpartum. Questionnaires assessed family demographics, maternal and infant weight status, infant feeding patterns and maternal encouragement of infant bottle-emptying.

Setting: The Infant Feeding Practices Study 2, conducted by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration.

Subjects: Mothers (n 1776).

Results: Repeated-measures regression was used to explore associations between bottle-feeding intensity (BFI; defined as the percentage …

Maternal Distraction During Breast- And Bottle Feeding Among Wic And Non-Wic Mothers, Alison K. Ventura, Simone Teitelbaum

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: To explore the prevalence and correlates of maternal distraction during infant feeding within a sample of mothers enrolled or not in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Design: Mothers kept diaries of their infants’ feeding patterns.

Participants: Mothers (n = 75) with infants aged ≤6 months.

Main Outcome Measures: Within the diaries, mothers recorded what else, if anything, they did during the feeding. Mothers also completed questionnaires on demographics, feeding styles, and infant temperament and eating behaviors.

Analysis: Mothers’ responses were coded into thematic categories. Feedings were classified as distracted when the mothers reported …

Associations Between Breastfeeding And Maternal Responsiveness: A Systematic Review Of The Literature, Alison K. Ventura

Kinesiology and Public Health

Recent recommendations and prevention programs have focused on the promotion of responsive feeding during infancy, but more research is needed to understand best practices for fostering responsive feeding during early life. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the accumulating bodies of evidence aimed at understanding associations between mothers' feeding experiences and responsive feeding in an attempt to clarify the nature of associations between feeding mode and responsive feeding. A literature search was conducted between January and October 2016; articles were collected from PsychINFO, Medline, and CINAHL, as well as from references in published research and reviews. Article …

Developmental Trajectories Of Bottle-Feeding During Infancy And Their Association With Weight Gain, Alison K. Ventura

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: To describe patterns of bottle-feeding across the first year postpartum and explore whether bottle-feeding trajectories are differentially associated with infant weight gain.

Method: Data came from 1291 mothers who participated in the Infant Feeding Practices Study 2. Mothers completed a prenatal questionnaire and monthly surveys of infant feeding and growth between birth and 12 months. Group-based trajectory mixture modeling was used to describe developmental trajectories of bottle-feeding intensities across the first year. Growth curve modeling was used to explore associations between bottle-feeding intensity trajectory group membership and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) trajectories from birth to 12 months.

Results: Four qualitatively …

Randomized Intervention Trial To Decrease Bisphenol A Urine Concentrations In Women: Pilot Study, Hagobian Todd Ph.D., Allison Smouse, Mikaela Streeter, Chole Wurst, Andrew Schaffner, Suzanne Phelan

Kinesiology and Public Health

In today's uncertain market and continuously evolving technology, managing manufacturing systems are more complex than ever. This paper studies the dynamics of managing variety and volume to enhance value creation in manufacturers implementing system level advanced and automated manufacturing technology (AAM1). The demand is composed of heterogeneous customers who make purchasing decisions depending on the variety levels and lead times of the firm's product offerings. The cost structure adopted calculates profit as the difference between customer value creation rate (VCR) and costs associated with the process of creating this value. Reported results contribute to the variety and volume management literature …

An Experimental Approach To Study Individual Differences In Infants' Intake And Satiation Behaviors During Bottle-Feeding, Alison K. Ventura, Julie A. Mennella

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: As a group, bottle-fed infants are at higher risk for rapid weight gain compared with breast-fed infants. However, little is known about individual differences in feeding behaviors of bottle-feeding infants, as well as maternal and infant characteristics associated with bottle-feeding outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a 2-day, within-subject study of 21 formula-feeding dyads; the within-subject factor was feeding condition: mother-led (ML; mothers were given the instruction to feed their infants as they typically would) vs. infant-led (IL; the experimenter ensured feeding began when infants signaled hunger and ended when they rejected the bottle on three consecutive occasions). Intake was determined …

What Are Mothers Doing While Bottle-Feeding Their Infants? Exploring The Prevalence Of Maternal Distraction During Bottle-Feeding Interactions, Rebecca Pollack Golen, Alison K. Ventura

Kinesiology and Public Health

The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which mothers engage in distracting activities during infant feeding. Mothers reported engaging in other activities during 52% of feedings; television watching was the most prevalent activity reported. Further research on the impact of distraction on feeding outcomes is needed.

Mindless Feeding: Is Maternal Distraction During Bottle-Feeding Associated With Overfeeding?, Rebecca B. Golen, Alison K. Ventura

Kinesiology and Public Health

Mindless eating, or eating while distracted by surrounding stimuli, leads to overeating. The present study explored whether “mindless feeding,” or maternal distraction during bottle-feeding, is associated with greater infant formula/milk intakes and lower maternal sensitivity to infant cues. Mothers and their ≤24-week-old bottle-feeding infants (N = 28) visited our laboratory for a video-recorded feeding observation. Infant intake was assessed by weighing bottles before and after the feedings. Maternal sensitivity to infant cues was objectively assessed by behavioral coding of video-records using the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale. Maternal distraction was defined as looking away from the infant >75% of the …

Barriers To Physical Activity And Healthy Eating In Children As Perceived By Low-Income Parents: A Case Study, David W. Hey, Kristina M. Kelly, Stephanie Teaford, Ann Yelmokas Mcdermott

Kinesiology and Public Health

During the past three decades the prevalence of childhood obesity has steadily increased in the United States. Causes of childhood obesity are complex and include numerous individual and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to determine parent perceptions on the social-ecological barriers (community, school, and family) to physical activity and healthy eating, perceived specific to their children. Self-reported data gathered from a 50-item questionnaire and six focus groups were conducted with parents (n=43) enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program. Participants (16 to 67 years old) were predominately female (88.4%), Hispanic (67%), low income, and living …

A Pilot Study Comparing Opaque, Weighted Bottles With Conventional, Clear Bottles For Infant Feeding, Alison K. Ventura, Rebecca Pollack Green

Kinesiology and Public Health

It is hypothesized that the visual and weight cues afforded by bottle-feeding may lead mothers to overfeed in response to the amount of liquid in the bottle. The aim of the present pilot study was to test this hypothesis by comparing mothers' sensitivity and responsiveness to infant cues and infants' intakes when mothers use opaque, weighted bottles (that remove visual and weight cues) compared to conventional, clear bottles to feed their infants. We also tested the hypothesis that mothers' pressuring feeding style would moderate the effect of bottle type. Formula-feeding dyads (N = 25) visited our laboratory on two …

Spatial Clustering Of Physical Activity And Obesity In Relation To Built Environment Factors Among Older Women In Three U.S. States, Kosuke Tamura, Robin C. Puett, Jaime E. Hart, Heather A. Starnes, Francine Laden, Philip J. Troped

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background

Identifying spatial clusters of chronic diseases has been conducted over the past several decades. More recently these approaches have been applied to physical activity and obesity. However, few studies have investigated built environment characteristics in relation to these spatial clusters. This study’s aims were to detect spatial clusters of physical activity and obesity, examine whether the geographic distribution of covariates affects clusters, and compare built environment characteristics inside and outside clusters.

Methods

In 2004, Nurses’ Health Study participants from California, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania completed survey items on physical activity (N = 22,599) and weight-status (N = 19,448). The spatial …

Factorial Validity Of An Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale For Seniors In The Nurses’ Health Study, Heather A. Starnes, Meghan H. Mcdonough, Kosuke Tamura, Peter James, Francine Laden, Philip J. Troped

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background

Using validated measures of individuals’ perceptions of their neighborhood built environment is important for accurately estimating effects on physical activity. However, no studies to date have examined the factorial validity of a measure of perceived neighborhood environment among older adults in the United States. The purpose of this measurement study was to test the factorial validity of a version of the Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS-A) modified for seniors in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS).

Findings

A random sample of 2,920 female nurses (mean age = 73 ± 7 years) in the NHS cohort from California, Massachusetts, and …

Learning Design Through The Lens Of Service: A Qualitative Study, David W. Hey, Lynne A. Slivovsky, Brian P. Self, James Widmann, J. Kevin Taylor

Kinesiology and Public Health

Twenty-four senior-level capstone engineering design projects were completed at a large, public, primarily undergraduate university involving 85 students (70 male and 15 female). All projects involved the design of equipment to facilitate physical activity for people with disabilities. The effects on: i) learning design, ii) attitude towards people with disabilities, iii) motivation to complete team design projects and iv) interdisciplinary collaboration were analyzed through 24 one-hour focus groups. We explored the student experience using a constructivist approach and grounded theory. Four major themes (with associated sub-themes) emerged from our data analysis: learning design (project management, iterative design process, and user-centered …

Relationships Between The Built Environment And Walking And Weight Status Among Older Women In Three U.S. States, Philip J. Troped, Heather A. Starnes, Robin C. Puett, Kosuke Tamura, Ellen K. Cromley, Peter James, Eran Ben-Joseph, Steven J. Melly, Francine Laden

Kinesiology and Public Health

There are few studies of built environment associations with physical activity and weight status among older women in large geographic areas that use individual residential buffers to define environmental exposures. Among 23,434 women (70.0±6.9 years; range = 57-85) in 3 states, relationships between objective built environment variables and meeting physical activity recommendations via walking and weight status were examined. Differences in associations by population density and state were explored in stratified models. Population density (odds ratio (OR)=1.04 [1.02,1.07]), intersection density (ORs=1.18-1.28), and facility density (ORs=1.01-1.53) were positively associated with walking. Density of physical activity facilities was inversely associated with overweight/obesity …

School Gardens, David W. Hey

Kinesiology and Public Health

School gardens can have great promise as they can positively impact children's food choices by improving their preferences for vegetables, increasing their nutrition knowledge, and prevent nutritionally related diseases (i.e., diabetes and obesity). In their natural state, fruits and vegetables have high water and fiber content and are low in calories and energy density. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the use of a garden as part of an outdoor environmental studies program can have a beneficial impact on performance of standardized achievement tests, as well as attention and enthusiasm for learning in school children.

In June of 2004, national …

Promoting Weight Loss Before Pregnancy: Feasible Or Futile?, Suzanne Phelan, Todd Hagobian, Anna Brannen, Ana Stewart, Brianna Schmid, Leonard Cedars

Kinesiology and Public Health

Pre-pregnancy obesity is a well-established risk factor for several adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including gestational diabetes, hypertension, cesarean sections, and fetal macrosomia. Weight loss before pregnancy could help prevent such complications, but the feasibility of such an approach remains unknown. The current study examined the feasibility of a 3-month pre-pregnancy behavioral weight loss program in 12 overweight/obese women planning pregnancy. The 3 month program resulted in an average 5.4 ± 3.0 kg weight loss and significant improvements in self-monitoring, physical activity, eating and exercise self-efficacy, and healthy eating (p < 0.04). By the end of the 9 month follow-up, half of sample (n = 6) had conceived. Women reported significant increases in weekly or more frequent self-weighing (p < 0.0001), counting calories (p < 0.001), consuming fruit and vegetables (p = 0.007), and cutting out fat (p = 0.0001) and junk foods (p = 0.002). A lifestyle modification program to promote weight loss before pregnancy promoted clinically significant weight loss and appeared feasible.

Residential Summer Camp: A New Venue For Nutrition Education And Physical Activity Promotion, Alison K. Ventura, Barry A. Garst

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background

Millions of children attend residential summer camps each year. However, few studies have examined the potential of camps for obesity prevention efforts. Research in the domain of positive youth development has shown that camp programs as short as one week have both short- and long-term positive effects on self-esteem, self-efficacy and other youth outcomes. The objective of the present study was to highlight the potential of resident camps as promising venues for the promotion of healthy eating and physical activity behaviors in the children who attend.

Methods

Data for this study came from the American Camp Association 2007 Emerging …

Early Influences On The Development Of Food Preferences, Alison K. Ventura, John Worobey

Kinesiology and Public Health

The ability to perceive flavors begins in utero with the development and early functioning of the gustatory and olfactory systems. Because both amniotic fluid and breast milk contain molecules derived from the mother’s diet, learning about flavors in foods begins in the womb and during early infancy. This early experience serves as the foundation for the continuing development of food preferences across the lifespan, and is shaped by the interplay of biological, social, and environmental factors. Shortly after birth, young infants show characteristic taste preferences: sweet and umami elicit positive responses; bitter and sour elicit negative responses. These taste preferences …

Lifestyle Interventions To Reduce Obesity And Diabetes, Todd Alan Hagobian, Suzanne Phelan

Kinesiology and Public Health

The majority of US adults are overweight or obese, which is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. Recent advances in behavioral treatment of obesity have produced significant short- and longterm weight losses that reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This article reviews key components of effective behavioral treatment interventions, including diet, exercise, and behavioral and psychosocial strategies. The authors review newer treatment modalities that may enhance dissemination (Internet, smartphone) and discuss applications to clinical practice. Practitioners face multiple barriers to effectively delivering lifestyle interventions in today’s health care setting but, …

Race, Sexual Orientation And Gender Identity/Expression In Athletics, Nevin Caple, Jillian Ross, Camille O'Bryant, Lea Robinson, Alpha Alexander, Yolanda Jackson, Dora Dome

Kinesiology and Public Health

No abstract provided.

Free Amino Acid Content In Infant Formulas, Alison K. Ventura, Ana San Gabriel, Mariko Hirota, Julie A. Mennella

Kinesiology and Public Health

Purpose

– Infant formula is the sole nutrition and food source for many infants. Information on the free amino acid (FAA) content of formulas, particularly those that are protein hydrolysate based, is limited, despite emerging evidence for the role of FAAs in regulating eating behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to measure levels of essential, semi‐essential, and nonessential FAAs in commercially available infant formulas to provide a foundation for future research examining the influence of FAAs on infant development.

Design/methodology/approach

– Using an automatic amino acid analyzer, we measured the concentrations of FAAs in four types of formula: two …

Parental Diet And Risk Of Retinoblastoma Resulting From New Germline Rb1 Mutation, Greta R. Bunin, Marilyn Tseng, Yimei Li, Anna T. Meadows, Arupa Ganguly

Kinesiology and Public Health

We conducted a case–control study of sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma, which results from a new germline RB1 mutation, to investigate the role of parents' diet before their child's conception. Parents of 206 cases from nine North American institutions and 269 controls participated; of these, fathers of 184 cases and 223 controls and mothers of 204 cases and 260 controls answered a food frequency questionnaire administered by phone about their diet in the year before the child's conception. Cases provided DNA for RB1 mutation testing. We assessed parents' diet by examining 19 food groups. Father's intake of dairy products and fruit was …

Effects Of Chainring Type (Circular Vs. Rotor Q-Ring) On 1km Time Trial Performance Over Six Weeks In Competitive Cyclists And Triathletes, Christiane R. O'Hara, Robert D. Clark, Todd A. Hagobian, Karen Mcgaughey

Kinesiology and Public Health

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chainring type (circular vs. the non- circular Rotor Q-Ring) on performance during a 1km time trial and physiological responses over a six week period. Eight competitive male cyclists and triathletes were pre-tested using the original circular chainring. Graded submaximal exercise tests were followed by the 1km time trial with subjects using their own racing bicycle. The circular chainrings were then removed and replaced with Rotor Q-Rings during the intervention period. Subjects trained and raced with this alteration to their bicycles and repeated the submaximal and 1km performance tests for …

Socio-Economic Position And Lower Dietary Moderation Among Chinese Immigrant Women In The Usa, Marilyn Tseng, Carolyn Y. Fang

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: To examine associations of education and occupation, as indicators of socio-economic position (SEP), with dietary intake and diet quality in a sample of Chinese immigrant women.

Design: Cross-sectional. Data collection included four days of dietary recalls and information on education and current occupation for participants and their spouses.

Setting: Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Subjects: Chinese immigrant women (n 423) recruited from October 2005 to April 2008.

Results: In multivariate models, both higher education level and occupation category were significantly associated with higher energy density and intake of energy and sugar. Education was additionally associated with intake of sugar-sweetened beverages …

A Behavioral Weight Gain Intervention In Pregnancy: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, Keenan Yanit, Suzanne Phelan, Rachel A. Pilliod, Katherine A. Volpe, Aaron B. Caughey

Kinesiology and Public Health

OBJECTIVE: Prior studies have demonstrated that behavioral interventions during pregnancy could prevent excessive gestational weight gain. This study investigates the cost of such interventions, taking into account the costs and benefits associated with outcomes of gestational weight gain according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) weight gain recommendations.

STUDY DESIGN: A decision analytic model was built using TreeAge software that compared routine prenatal care vs. routine prenatal care plus a behavioral intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain in the 1,528,000 normal weight women who are pregnant each year in the U.S. The Fit for Delivery Study protocol was …

The Economic Impact Of Gestational Weight Gain According To Iom Guidelines, Keenan Yanit, Suzanne Phelan, Rachel A. Pilliod, Katherine A. Volpe, Aaron B. Caughey

Kinesiology and Public Health

OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate the costs and outcomes associated with keeping gestational weight gain within the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations.

STUDY DESIGN: A decision analytic model was built using TreeAge software that compared the cost of gestational weight gain categorized by staying within versus exceeding the IOM guidelines in normal weight and obese women. We assumed the obesity prevalence from the most recent data in 2008 and applied to the estimated 4,000,000 million births per year. Outcomes included: gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, macrosomia (>4500g), small-forgestational age, postterm delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum weight retention, and child obesity.

RESULTS: …

Eating Frequency Is Higher In Weight Loss Maintainers And Normal-Weight Individuals Than In Overweight Individuals, Jessica L. Bachman, Suzanne Phelan, Rena R. Wing, Hollie A. Raynor

Kinesiology and Public Health

Eating frequency has been negatively related to body mass index (BMI). The relationship between eating frequency and weight loss maintenance is unknown. This secondary analysis examined eating frequency (self-reported meals and snacks consumed per day) in weight loss maintainers (WLM) who had reduced from overweight/obese to normal weight, normal weight (NW) individuals, and overweight (OW) individuals. Data collected July 2006 to March 2007 in Providence, RI, included three 24-hour dietary recalls (2 weekdays, 1 weekend day) analyzed using Nutrient Data System for Research software from 257 adults (WLM n=96, 83.3% women aged 50.0±11.8 years with BMI 22.1±1.7; NW n=80, 95.0% …

Trails And Physical Activity: A Review, Heather A. Starnes, Philip J. Troped, David B. Klenosky, Angela M. Doehring

Kinesiology and Public Health

To provide a synthesis of research on trails and physical activity from the public health, leisure sciences, urban planning, and transportation literatures. Methods: A search of databases was conducted to identify studies published between 1980 and 2008. Results: 52 studies were identified. The majority were cross-sectional (92*%) and published after 1999 (11%). The evidence for the effects of trails on physical activity was mixed among 3 intervention and 5 correlational studies. Correlates of trail use were examined in 13 studies. Several demographic (eg, race, education, income) and environmental factors (eg, land-use mix and distance to trail) were related to trail …