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Articles 151 - 169 of 169
Full-Text Articles in Kinesiology
Combining Behavioral And Pharmacological Treatments For Obesity, Suzanne Phelan, Thomas A. Wadden
Combining Behavioral And Pharmacological Treatments For Obesity, Suzanne Phelan, Thomas A. Wadden
Kinesiology and Public Health
Weight-loss medications are currently recommended for use only as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and behavior modification. Little, however, is known about the benefits of combining behavioral and pharmacological therapies or about the mechanisms that would make these combined approaches more effective than either used alone. This article reviews the effects of adding pharmacotherapy (i.e., principally sibutramine and orlistat) to a modest program of lifestyle modification. Studies revealed that the addition of medication typically improved short- and long-term weight loss compared with lifestyle modification alone. The best results, however, were obtained when medications were combined with an intensive, group program …
Area-Level Characteristics And Smoking In Women, Marilyn Tseng, Karin Yeatts, Robert Millikan, Beth Newman
Area-Level Characteristics And Smoking In Women, Marilyn Tseng, Karin Yeatts, Robert Millikan, Beth Newman
Kinesiology and Public Health
Objectives. This study examined whether area-level characteristics are associated with individual smoking behavior among women.
Methods. Analyses included 648 women enrolled as control patients in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (1993–1996). Smoking and covariate information was obtained from interviews. Area-level characteristics included census block-group education level, poverty, unemployment, car–home ownership, crowding, and, for 431 women, city-level crime rates.
Results. In multivariate logistic regression models, no area characteristics were clearly associated with a history of smoking. Among those who had ever smoked, continued smoking was associated with living in low-education areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = …
Fundamental Dietary Patterns And Their Correlates Among Us Whites, Marilyn Tseng, Robert F. Devellis
Fundamental Dietary Patterns And Their Correlates Among Us Whites, Marilyn Tseng, Robert F. Devellis
Kinesiology and Public Health
A social history of eating habits in the United States (1) suggests that there are 2 fundamental US dietary patterns. The first, characterized by beef or pork, while flour bread, and potato consumption, is grounded in British culinary heritage. The second, characterized by fruits and vegetables consumed as "protective" foods, that is, to avoid illness, is a result of the development of nutrition science, the growth of good and advertising industries, and efforts of World War 1 food conservation programs. To confirm the occurrence of these 2 dietary patterns and their sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates, we used principal components analysis …
Weight-Loss Maintenance In Overweight Individuals One To Five Years Following Successful Completion Of A Commercial Weight Loss Program, M. R. Lowe, K. Miller-Kovach, Suzanne Phelan
Weight-Loss Maintenance In Overweight Individuals One To Five Years Following Successful Completion Of A Commercial Weight Loss Program, M. R. Lowe, K. Miller-Kovach, Suzanne Phelan
Kinesiology and Public Health
OBJECTIVE: To determine weight loss maintenance among participants in a commercial weight loss program (Weight Watchers) who had reached their goal weights 1-5 y previously.
DESIGN: A national sample (n=1002) was surveyed by phone to obtain demographic and weight-related information. An oversample (n=258) was recruited and weighed in person to develop a correction factor for self-reported weights in the national sample.
RESULTS: Based on corrected weights, weight regain from 1 to 5 y following weight loss ranged between 31.5 and 76.5%. At 5 y, 19.4% were within 5 lb of goal weight, 42.6% maintained a loss of 5% or more, …
Who Wants To Be Healthy?, Joyce V. Fetro, David W. Hey
Who Wants To Be Healthy?, Joyce V. Fetro, David W. Hey
Kinesiology and Public Health
No abstract provided.
Serum Ferritin Concentration And Recurrence Of Colorectal Adenoma, Marilyn Tseng, E. Robert Greenberg, Robert S. Sandler, John A. Baron, Robert W. Haile, Baruch S. Blumberg, Katherine A. Mcglynn
Serum Ferritin Concentration And Recurrence Of Colorectal Adenoma, Marilyn Tseng, E. Robert Greenberg, Robert S. Sandler, John A. Baron, Robert W. Haile, Baruch S. Blumberg, Katherine A. Mcglynn
Kinesiology and Public Health
Abstract Both body iron stores and dietary iron intake have been reported to increase risk of colorectal neoplasms. We assessed whether serum ferritin concentration was associated with recurrence of colorectal adenomas among 733 individuals with baseline determinations of ferritin as part of a multicenter clinical trial of antioxidant supplements for adenoma prevention. All study participants had at least one adenoma removed within 3 months before enrollment, and 269 of them developed one or more adenomas between follow-up colonoscopies conducted 1 and 4 years after enrollment. Baseline serum ferritin concentrations were analyzed both as a log-transformed continuous variable and as a …
Country Of Birth And Prevalence Of Gallbladder Disease In Mexican Americans, Marilyn Tseng, Robert Millikan, Kurt R. Maurer, Meena Khare, James E. Everhart, Robert S. Sandler
Country Of Birth And Prevalence Of Gallbladder Disease In Mexican Americans, Marilyn Tseng, Robert Millikan, Kurt R. Maurer, Meena Khare, James E. Everhart, Robert S. Sandler
Kinesiology and Public Health
OBJECTIVES: This research sought to describe the association between country of birth and gallbladder disease (GBD) in Mexican Americans, identify subgroups at especially high risk, and identify risk factors that may mediate a birthplace-GBD association. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. METHODS: Our study population included 4157 Mexican Americans aged 20-74 who participated in the 1988-94 third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. GBD was diagnosed by ultrasound. Information on country of birth, education, income, and selected GBD risk factors was obtained from interviews. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) for GBD in Mexico- vs. US-born Mexican Americans were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, along with …
Eating Frequency And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer, Marilyn Tseng, Deborah D. Ingram, Rebecca Darden, Regina G. Ziegler, Matthew P. Longnecker
Eating Frequency And Risk Of Colorectal Cancer, Marilyn Tseng, Deborah D. Ingram, Rebecca Darden, Regina G. Ziegler, Matthew P. Longnecker
Kinesiology and Public Health
Case-control studies have found elevated risk of colorectal cancer with higher eating frequency. The present analyses, the first to examine this association using prospectively collected information, utilized nationally representative data from the Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHEFS). The study population included 9,978 subjects followed from 1982–84 to 1992. Colorectal cancer cases (n = 141) were identified by self-report, hospital records, and death certificates. Interviews conducted in 1982–84 provided information on meal and snack frequencies and covariates of interest. Relative risk (RR) of colorectal cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using …
Socialization Of Prospective Physical Education Teachers: The Story Of New Blood, Camille P. O'Bryant, Mary O'Sullivan, Jeanne Raudensky
Socialization Of Prospective Physical Education Teachers: The Story Of New Blood, Camille P. O'Bryant, Mary O'Sullivan, Jeanne Raudensky
Kinesiology and Public Health
There has been much criticism of how teachers are prepared to teach and physical education has not been immune from this criticism. Despite numerous efforts to improve the content and focus of teacher education programmes there is still a paucity of programme evaluation research on the efficacy of these teacher education programmes (Metzler & Tjeerdsma, 1998). This paper reports on part of a yearlong investigation on the efficacy of a graduate physical education teacher education programme to prepare teachers. The focus of this aspect of the study was to identify what attracted graduate students to pursue a teaching career and …
Short-Term Progressive Resistance Training Increases Strength And Lean Body Mass In Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Ronenn Roubenoff, Ann Mcdermott, Lauren Weiss, Juliet Suri, Michael Wood, Rina Bloch, Sherwood Gorbach
Short-Term Progressive Resistance Training Increases Strength And Lean Body Mass In Adults Infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Ronenn Roubenoff, Ann Mcdermott, Lauren Weiss, Juliet Suri, Michael Wood, Rina Bloch, Sherwood Gorbach
Kinesiology and Public Health
To assess the efficacy of progressive resistance training (PRT) in increasing strength and lean body mass (LBM) in HIV-infected adults.
Food Intake Patterns And Gallbladder Disease In Mexican Americans, Marilyn Tseng, Robert F. Devellis, Kurt R. Maurer, Meena Khare, Lenore Kohlmeier, James E. Everhart, Robert S. Sandler
Food Intake Patterns And Gallbladder Disease In Mexican Americans, Marilyn Tseng, Robert F. Devellis, Kurt R. Maurer, Meena Khare, Lenore Kohlmeier, James E. Everhart, Robert S. Sandler
Kinesiology and Public Health
Objective: Results of previous studies on diet and gallbladder disease (GBD), defined as having gallstones or having had surgery for gallstones, have been inconsistent. This research examined patterns of food intake in Mexican Americans and their associations with GBD. Design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: The study population included 4641 Mexican Americans aged 20±74 years who participated in the 1988±94 third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). GBD was diagnosed by ultrasound. Food intake patterns were identifed by principal components analysis based on food frequency questionnaire responses. Component scores representing the level of intake of each pattern were categorized into quartiles, …
A Pilot Study Of Exercise Training To Reduce Trunk Fat In Adults With Hiv-Associated Fat Redistribution, Ronenn Roubenoff, Lauren Weiss, Ann Mcdermott, Tanya Heflin, Gregory J. Cloutier, Michael Wood, Sherwood Gorbach
A Pilot Study Of Exercise Training To Reduce Trunk Fat In Adults With Hiv-Associated Fat Redistribution, Ronenn Roubenoff, Lauren Weiss, Ann Mcdermott, Tanya Heflin, Gregory J. Cloutier, Michael Wood, Sherwood Gorbach
Kinesiology and Public Health
Body fat redistribution (‘lipodystrophy’), with gain in abdominal and trunk fat, and decline in facial and limb fat, is a newly recognized problem in patients with HIV infection that has been linked to use of HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Increased abdominal fat may predispose these patients to hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. At this time no effective treatment is available. We examined whether exercise training could reduce trunk fat in men with fat redistribution.
Calculation Of Population Attributable Risk For Alcohol And Breast Cancer (United States), Marilyn Tseng, Clarice R. Weinberg, David M. Umbach, Matthew P. Longnecker
Calculation Of Population Attributable Risk For Alcohol And Breast Cancer (United States), Marilyn Tseng, Clarice R. Weinberg, David M. Umbach, Matthew P. Longnecker
Kinesiology and Public Health
Objectives: Because of increasing evidence that alcohol may be causally associated with breast cancer, we reconsider the population attributable risk (PAR) for alcohol and breast cancer for the US adult female population using an effect estimate from a meta- analysis and incorporating a revised perspective on measurement error correction. Methods: To estimate PAR, we employed a formula appropriate to use with an adjusted effect estimate. To estimate intermediate quantities needed to apply that formula, we used adjusted relative risk estimates from a previously published meta- analysis, as well as SEER cancer statistics and general population data from the third National …
Dietary Intake And Gallbladder Disease: A Review, Marilyn Tseng, James E. Everhart, Robert S. Sandler
Dietary Intake And Gallbladder Disease: A Review, Marilyn Tseng, James E. Everhart, Robert S. Sandler
Kinesiology and Public Health
Objective: Dietary intake has long been looked upon as a potentially modifiable risk factor for gallbladder disease (GBD), here defined as either having gallstones or having had surgery for gallstones. This paper reviews the epidemiological evidence for an association between dietary intake and GBD, focusing on six dietary factors that have received the most attention in studies in this area: energy intake, fatty acids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and fibre, calcium and alcohol. The objectives of this review are to evaluate the potential usefulness of altering the diet to prevent GBD and to consider future research in this area. Design: We reviewed …
Genetic Admixture And Gallbladder Disease In Mexican Americans, Marilyn Tseng, Robert C. Williams, Kurt R. Maurer, Moses S. Schanfield, William C. Knowler, James E. Everhart
Genetic Admixture And Gallbladder Disease In Mexican Americans, Marilyn Tseng, Robert C. Williams, Kurt R. Maurer, Moses S. Schanfield, William C. Knowler, James E. Everhart
Kinesiology and Public Health
Gallbladder disease is a common source of morbidity in the Mexican American population. Genetic heritage has been proposed as a possible contributor, but evidence for this is limited. Because gallbladder disease has been associated with Native American heritage, genetic admixture may serve as a useful proxy for genetic susceptibility to the disease in epidemiologic studies. The objective of our study was to examine thepossibility that gallbladder disease is associated with greater Native American admixture in Mexican Americans. This study used data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and was based on 1,145 Mexican Americans who underwent gallbladder ultrasonography …
Alcohol, Hormones, And Postmenopausal Women, Matthew P. Longnecker, Marilyn Tseng
Alcohol, Hormones, And Postmenopausal Women, Matthew P. Longnecker, Marilyn Tseng
Kinesiology and Public Health
Many women take supplemental estrogens after menopause, a practice called hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Moderate alcohol consumption may increase estrogen levels in women receiving HRT, potentially affecting their risk for various adverse health effects. Two recent studies, however, provide no strong evidence for an effect of alcohol on hormones in postmenopausal women. The possible association between alcohol consumption and risk of cancer of the breast does not appear to be mediated by estrogens. Both estrogens and moderate alcohol consumption have been associated with a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease; however, alcohol’s beneficial effect on heart disease does not appear to …
Dietary Iron And Recurrence Of Colorectal Adenomas, Marilyn Tseng, Robert S. Sandler, E. Robert Greenberg, Jack S. Mandel, Robert W. Haile, John A. Baron
Dietary Iron And Recurrence Of Colorectal Adenomas, Marilyn Tseng, Robert S. Sandler, E. Robert Greenberg, Jack S. Mandel, Robert W. Haile, John A. Baron
Kinesiology and Public Health
Previous research suggests that iron acts as a prooxidant to increase the risk of colorectal neoplasia. This study examined effects of dietary intake of iron on colorectal adenoma recurrence using data from an antioxidant clinical trial. All subjects were free of polyps at study entry but had at least one adenoma removed within the 3 months before enrollment. Follow-up colonoseopies were conducted after 1 and 4 years. Patients who developed one or more adenomatous polyps between years 1 and 4 were classified as cases; all others were controls. Dietary iron intake at baseline and at the end of the study …
Micronutrients And The Risk Of Colorectal Adenomas, Marilyn Tseng, Sharon C. Murray, Lawrence L. Kupper, Robert S. Sandler
Micronutrients And The Risk Of Colorectal Adenomas, Marilyn Tseng, Sharon C. Murray, Lawrence L. Kupper, Robert S. Sandler
Kinesiology and Public Health
Recent studies suggest that micronutrients, especially folate, calcium, iron, and antioxidant vitamins, affect the risk of colorectal neoplasia. The objective of this case-control study was to examine the association between these micronutrients and the risk of colorectal adenomas. The study was based on 236 cases with adenomatous polyps or cancer and 409 controls, all colonoscopy patients at University of North Carolina Hospitals between July 1988 and March 1991. After colonoscopy, subjects were interviewed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and average daily nutrient intakes were calculated. Sex-specific odds ratios relative to the lowest quartile of intake for each micronutrient were …
Fitness: A Viable Adjunct To Treatment For Young Adults With Psychiatric Disabilities, Karen V. Unger, Gary S. Skrinar, Dori S. Hutchinson, Ann Yelmokas Mcdermott
Fitness: A Viable Adjunct To Treatment For Young Adults With Psychiatric Disabilities, Karen V. Unger, Gary S. Skrinar, Dori S. Hutchinson, Ann Yelmokas Mcdermott
Kinesiology and Public Health
The role of physical illness as a factor of mental illness and the positive effects of exercise on psychological functioning are examined A study of six persons who participated in a fitness program as an adjunct to an existing psychoeducational program is discussed. Methodology, description of the students, results, and personal responses to the fitness program are described. outcomes include a slight decrease in body fat and an increase in cardiovascular fitness as measured by oxygen intake. Although a formal measure of self esteem did not show changes over the course of the study, students report positive attitude changes. An …