Parasitology Commons^™

A Child And His Fate: Tuberculosis, Perimortem Trauma And Mummification, Sheila M. M.De Souza, Karl J. Reinhard, Bernardo Tessarollo, Jose Fernando Cardona Zannier, Adauto Araujo

Karl Reinhard Publications

A male child, sitting, 7 years, circumferential deformation, skin marked by coiled fibers, nostril plugs, consistent with Aymara practices was CT scanned. Puppae in the skin suggest exposition of the body previous to the funeral. Dark brown color at the skin suggest blood perfusion. A broken area at the right frontal with the skin partially inside is suggestive of perimorten trauma. There were no bone debris inside the skull and the CT images show two confluent fractures defined by radiating lines extending beyond the missing bone surface. The right eyeball is projected out, the tongue is outside the mouth, the …

Pathoecology And The Future Of Coprolite Studies In Bioarchaeology, Karl J. Reinhard, Vaughn M. Bryant Jr.

Karl Reinhard Publications

Human coprolites currently provide an expanding array of information about the diet, health, and ecology of prehistoric people in the Southwest, but for many years coprolites were not recognized or preserved, or they were not considered important and thus were not saved (Bryant and Dean 2006). With the expansion of archaeological field work during the last half of the twentieth century archaeologists have increasingly explored the "complete" potentials of sites, including the collection and analysis of geomorphologic, botanical, and faunal data. In some ideal habitats (e.g., very dry or frozen) this includes exploring the scientific potential of human coprolite studies. …

Pathoecology Of Two Ancestral Pueblo Villages, Karl Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Pathoecology is the study of the biotic, abiotic, and cultural environments of disease (Martinson et al. 2003). A parasitic infection is the result of the pathoecological interaction of host behavior, parasite life cycle, the environment in which both life forms live, the nutritional status of the host, and host physiological responses to all of these factors. Parasites contribute to anemia in many ways. Some, such as hookworm, actually consume blood and cause iron loss through their activities. For other parasites, symptoms such as profuse diarrhea reduce intestinal absorption of nutrients. Others, such as certain fish tapeworms, actually compete for absorption …

Paleoparasitology: Perspectives With New Techniques, Adauto Araújo, Karl Reinhard, Otilio M. Bastos, Ligia C. Costa, Claude Pirmez, Alena Iñighez, Ana Carolina Vicente, Carlos M. Morel, Luiz Fernando Ferreira

Karl Reinhard Publications

Paleoparasitology is the study of parasites found in archaeological material. The development of this field of research began with histological identification of helminth eggs in mummy tissues, analysis of coprolites, and recently through molecular biology. An approach to the history of paleoparasitology is reviewed in this paper, with special reference to the studies of ancient DNA identified in archaeological material.

Paleoparasitologia: perspectivas com novas técnicas
Paleoparasitologia é o estudo de parasitos encontrados em material arqueológico. O desenvolvimento deste campo da pesquisa teve início com a identificação de ovos de helmintos em tecidos mumificados, análise de coprólitos e, recentemente, através da …

Preface [To Identification Keys To Strongylid Nematode Parasites Of Equids], J. Ralph Lichtenfels

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Preface to a special issue of Veterinary Parasitology (v. 156, nos. 1-2, 2008), titled Identification Keys to Strongylid Nematode Parasites of Equids.

Illustrated Identification Keys To Strongylid Parasites Strongyllidae Nematoda Of Horses Zebras And Asses Equidae, J. Ralph Lichtenfels, Vitaliy A. Kharchenko, Grigory M. Dvojnos

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The Equidae (the horse, Equus caballus, the ass, Equus asinus, zebras and their hybrids) are hosts to a great variety of nematode parasites, some of which can cause significant morbidity or mortality if individual hosts are untreated. Worldwide the nematode parasites of horses belong to 7 suborders, 12 families, 29 genera and 83 species. The great majority (19 of 29 genera and 64 of 83 species) are members of the family Strongylidae, which includes the most common and pathogenic nematode parasites of horses. Only the Strongylidae are included in this treatise.

The Strongylidae (common name strongylids) of horses …

Hamulonema Gen. Nov. For Teladorsagia Hamata And Ostertagia Kenyensis In The Ostertagiinae Fauna (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) From African Ungulates, Eric P. Hoberg, Arthur Abrams

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Hamulonema gen. nov. is proposed for Teladorsagia hamata and Ostertagia kenyensis in the ostertagiine nematode fauna found in artiodactyl hosts from Africa. Monomorphic species representing this genus are characterized by a bilaterally symmetrical and parallel synlophe in males and females, a 2-2-1 bursal formula, an accessory bursal membrane that is strongly cuticularized and reduced, a strongly reduced dorsal lobe and ray, and robust spicules with a simple, weakly pointed, ventral process, and curved, hooklike dorsal process. Species referred to Hamulonema nov. gen. are immediately distinguished from those of Camelostrongylus, Longistrongylus, Marshallagia, Orloffia, Ostertagia, and Pseudomarshallagia …

An Exploration Of Diversity Among The Ostertagiinae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) In Ungulates From Sub-Saharan Africa With A Proposal For A New Genus, Eric P. Hoberg, Arthur Abrams, Vanessa O. Ezenwa

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Abomasal nematodes (Ostertagiine: Trichostrongyloidea) representing a previously unrecognized genus and species are reported in African buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) from Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa. Africanastrongylus buceros gen. nov. et sp. nov. is characterized by a symmetrical tapering synlophe in the cervical region and a maximum of 60 ridges in males and females. Bursal structure is 2–2–1, with subequal Rays 4/5, massive Rays 8, and Rays 9/10, and a massive dorsal lobe that is reduced in length, laterally and dorsally inflated, and positioned ventral to externodorsal rays. Spicules are tripartite, and the gubernaculum is broadly alate in the …

Age Distribution And Seasonal Dynamics Of Abomasal Helminths In Wild Red Deer From Central Spain, Mónica Santín-Durán, José M. Alunda, Eric P. Hoberg, Concepción De La Fuente

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A study on age distribution and seasonal dynamics of abomasal helminths in wild red deer was conducted in central Spain, by monthly samplings of fawns (<1 >yr), subadult (1–2 yr), and adult (>2 yr) animals. Both intensity and prevalence of abomasal parasitism were higher in older animals, particularly in males. A bimodal pattern for intensity of infection by gastrointestinal parasites was observed. Maximum values attained in winter and summer may be related to variation in climate and the shifting availability of forage resources. The pattern was largely due to the contribution of Spiculopteragia asymmetrica/Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata, whereas …

Helminths Of Small Mammals (Chiroptera, Insectivora, Lagomorpha) From Mongolia With A Description Of A New Species Of Schizorchis (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae), David S. Tinnin, Scott Lyell Gardner, Sumiya Ganzorig

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Fifty-eight individuals belonging to 10 species of bats, insectivores, and pikas were examined for helminths from 4 collection sites in Mongolia in 1999. Two species of bats (Vespertilio murinus and Eptesicus gobiensis) were infected with a single species of trematode (Plagiorchis vespertilionis), which represents a new record for the country. One individual of E. gobiensis also harbored 1 unidentified filaroid nematode. The acanthocephalan Moniliformis moniliformis was found in the hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus. Cestodes in the genus Catenotaenia and the herein described Schizorchis mongoliensis n. sp. were recovered from pikas belonging to the species Ochotona alpina …

Enterobius Vermicularis Ancient Dna In Pre-Columbian Human Populations, Alena Mayo Iniguez, Karl J. Reinhard, Luiz Fernando Ferreira, Adauto Araujo, Ana Carolina, Paulo Vincente

Karl Reinhard Publications

In prehistoric populations the paleoparasitological findings show an Enterobius vennicularis homogeneous distribution among North American hunter-gatherers intensified with the advent of agriculture. The same occurred in the transition from nomad hunter-gatherers to sedentary farmers in South America, although E. vermicularis infection encompasses only the ancient Andean peoples. Since molecular techniques are sensitive in detecting ancient DNA (aDNA), in this work we have performed a molecular paleoparasitological study of E. vermicularis. aDNA was recovered from North and South American coprolites (4110 BC-AD 900). Human (cox 2 and HVR) and pinworm (5S rRNA spacer) sequences were determined. The sequence analysis confirmed E. …

Phylogenetic Affinities Of Plagiocirrus Van Cleave And Mueller, 1932 With The Description Of A New Species From The Pascagoula River, Mississippi, Stephen S. Curran, Robin M. Overstreet, Vasyl V. Tkach

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Plagiocirrus loboides n. sp. (Digenea: Opecoelidae) is described from Fundulus nottii, F. dispar blairae, F. chrysotus, and Notemigonus crysoleucas from the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. Plagiocirrus loboides differs from P. primus Van Cleave and Mueller, 1932, by having a longer postcecal space (14-25% of body length vs. about 7%); a more anterior vitellarium (extending at least to the middle of the ventral sucker vs. to its posterior margin); and larger eggs (51-71 μm long by 23-34 μm wide vs. 40-55 μm long by 30-35 μm wide). Plagiocirrus loboides differs from P. testeus Fritts, 1959, by having a …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 29, No. 3, Fall 2007, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

New And Emended Descriptions Of Gregarines From Flour Beetles (Tribolium Spp. And Palorus Subdepressus: Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), John J. Janovy Jr., Jillian Tikka Detwiler, Samana Schwank, Matthew G. Bolek, Alaine Knipes, Gabriel J. Langford

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The following new gregarine taxa are described from larvae of flour beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Awrygregarina billmani, n. gen., n. sp., from Tribolium brevicornis; Gregarina cloptoni, n. sp., from Tribolium freemani; Gregarina confusa, n. sp., from Tribolilum confusum; and Gregarina palori, n. sp., from Palorus subdepressus. In addition, the description of Gregarina minuta Ishii, 1914, from Tribolium castaneum, is emended. Scanning electron micrograph studies of these species’ oocysts reveal differences in surface architecture. The Gregarina species have oocysts with longitudinal ridges, visible with SEM, whereas Awrygregarina billmani oocysts have fine circumferential striations; …

Emended Description And Redetermination Of Sarwaria Caballeroi N. Comb. (Nematoda: Ostertagiinae) With Details Of The Synlophe And Esophageal Characters, Eric P. Hoberg, Arthur Abrams

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Among genera of the ostertagiine nematodes, structural attributes of Spiculopteragia caballeroi are consistent with criteria that diagnose the genus Sarwaria. Specifically, the following characters are compatible with referral to this genus: (1) species characterized by monomorphic males; (2) tapering lateral synlophe in the cervical zone; (3) minuscule, thornlike cervical papillae; (4) length of Ray "4" < Ray "5"; (5) relatively thick or robust Ray "4;" (6) a substantially reduced dorsal lobe and dorsal ray that are disposed or curved ventrally relative to Rays "8"; and (7) a broad, laterally inflated dorsal lobe. Consequently, we propose Sarwaria caballeroi n. comb., and we provide further validation for the genus Sarwaria. Additionally, we propose that the ostertagiines are represented by 12 valid genera, including those characterized by a bursal formula of 2-2-1 (Cervicaprastrongylus, Hyostrongylus, Mazamastrongylus, Spiculopteragia, …

Geographic And Host Range Of The Nematode Soboliphyme Baturini Across Beringia, Anson V.A. Koehler, Eric P. Hoberg, Nikolai E. Dokuchaev, Joseph A. Cook

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The nematode Soboliphyme baturini Petrov, 1930, was found to represent a single species with a relatively broad geographic range across Beringia and northwestern North America on the basis of the assessment of molecular sequence data for adult and juvenile parasites. Refuted are hypotheses suggesting that several cryptic species could be partitioned either among an array of mustelid definitive hosts or across the vast region that links North America and Eurasia. Host specificity for this species is examined on the basis of a comprehensive list for definitive hosts, derived from new field surveys and existing literature for S. baturini. Only …

Effect Of Climatic Warming On The Pacific Walrus, And Potential Modification Of Its Helminth Fauna [Critical Comment], Robert L. Rausch, John C, George, Harry K. Brower

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The decreasing extent of sea-ice in the arctic basin as a consequence of climatic warming is modifying the behavior and diets of pagophilic pinnipeds, including the Pacific walrus, Odobenus rosmarus divergens Illiger, the species emphasized here. Mammals such as the walrus and bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben), cannot remain associated with the sea-ice, and continue to feed on their usual diet of benthic invertebrates inhabiting coastal waters to a depth of approximately 100 m, when the northwestward retreating ice reaches deep waters beyond the margins of the continental shelf. With reduction of their customary substrate (ice), the walrus has become …

Gregarina Niphandrodes (Eugregarinorida: Septatorina): Oocyst Surface Architecture, John J. Janovy Jr., Matthew G. Bolek, Jillian Tikka Detwiler, Samana Schwank, Alaine Knipes, Gabriel J. Langford

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

The surface architecture of oocysts produced by Gregarina niphandrodes (Eugregarinorida) from Tenebrio molitor,/i> adults (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) as revealed by scanning electron microscopy is reported. Gametocysts were allowed to dehisce on 15-mm, round cover glasses; the cover glasses with their oocysts chains were then mounted on stubs without further processing, and sputter-coated with 20-nm gold-palladium. Scanning electron microscopy was performed at 10-15 kV with a Hitachi 3000N SEM. Oocysts retained their characteristic shapes as reported in the original species description but showed longitudinal ridges of relatively uniform height, width, and spacing, in separate fields on either side of a central equatorial …

[In Memoriam:] Vale Colin Dobson, 19 July 1937-22 June 2007, Malcolm Jones, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary for Vale Colin Dobson, Australian parasitologists, 1937-2007.

Vale Colin Dobson, 19 July 1937-22 June 2007, Malcolm K. Jones, Robin M. Overstreet

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Obituary for Vale Colin Dobson, July 19, 1937-June 22, 2007, parasitologist and Foundation Director of the School of Marine Science at the University of Queensland.

Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Mitochondrial Coi Phylogeny Reviewed: Host Plant Relationships, Phylogeography, Reproductive Parasites And Barcoding, Vera I.D. Ros, Johannes A.J. Breeuwer

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

The past 15 years have witnessed a number of molecular studies that aimed to resolve issues of species delineation and phylogeny of mites in the family Tetranychidae. The central part of the mitochondrial COI region has frequently been used for investigating intra- and interspeciWc variation. All these studies combined yield an extensive database of sequence information of the family Tetranychidae. We assembled this information in a single alignment and performed an overall phylogenetic analysis. The resulting phylogeny shows that important patterns have been overlooked in previous studies, whereas others disappear. It also reveals that mistakes were made in submitting the …

Host And Distribution Lists Of Mites (Acari), Parasitic And Phoretic, In The Hair Or On The Skin Of North American Wild Mammals North Of Mexico: Records Since 1974, John O. Whitaker Jr., Brianne L. Walters, Linda K. Castor, Christopher M. Ritzi, Nixon Wilson

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

Information concerning mites found in the hair of wild mammals of North America north of Mexico is summarized for records accumulated since a similar paper was published by Whitaker and Wilson in 1974. Chiggers, ticks and species that burrow into or under the skin are generally excluded although follicle-inhabiting mites are included. Included are lists a) of the mites organized taxonomically, b) hosts from which each species has been reported, and c) states and provinces citing references for each separate record.

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 29, No. 2, Summer 2007, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

A New Species Of Dipetalonema (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) From Ateles Chamek From The Beni Of Bolivia, Juliana Notarnicola, F. Agustin Jimenez-Ruiz, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

We describe a new species of Dipetalonema occurring in the body cavity of Ateles chamek (Humboldt, 1812) from north-central Bolivia. Morphologic characters serving to separate Dipetalonema yatesi n. sp. from known forms include a vagina vera with a simple tube and thin walls and a left spicule, which possesses a handle shorter than the lamina (ratio 2.7); the latter displays an anterior membranous alae similar in length to the terminal flagellum, a distal extremity of the left spicule within a simple hook and a membrane, phasmids at the basis of the lappets, and heterogeneous muscles occupying the whole cavity. Dipetalonema …

Evolutionary Avenues For, And Constraints On, The Transmission Of Frog Lung Flukes (Haematoloechus Spp.) In Dragonfly Second Intermediate Hosts, Matthew G. Bolek, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Metacercariae survival patterns and their distribution in second intermediate odonate hosts were examined for four species of frog lung flukes. Surveys of aquatic larvae and recently emerged teneral dragonflies and damselflies indicated that prevalence and mean abundance of Haematoloechus spp. metacercariae were significantly lower in teneral dragonflies than larval dragonflies, while there was no significant difference in prevalence or mean abundance of Haematoloechus spp. metacercariae among larval and teneral damselflies. Experimental infections of dragonflies indicated that metacercariae of Haematoloechus coloradensis and Haematoloechus complexus were located in the head, thorax, and branchial basket of dragonflies, whereas metacercariae of Haematoloechus longiplexus and …

American Society Of Parasitologists Newsletter, V. 29, No. 1, Spring 2007, Scott Lyell Gardner

American Society of Parasitologists: Newsletter

An issue of the American Society of Parasitologists' quarterly newsletter, also called the Journal of Parasitology Newsletter.

Small Frogs Get Their Worms First: The Role Of Nonodonate Arthropods In The Recruitment Of Haematoloechus Coloradensis And Haematoloechus Complexus In Newly Metamorphosed Northern Leopard Frogs, Rana Pipiens, And Woodhouse's Toads, Bufo Woodhousii, Matthew G. Bolek, John J. Janovy Jr.

John J. Janovy, Jr. Publications

Studies on the life cycles and epizootiology of North American frog lung flukes indicate that most species utilize odonates as second intermediate hosts; adult frogs become infected by ingesting odonate intermediate hosts. Newly metamorphosed frogs are rarely infected with these parasites, predominantly because they are gape-limited predators that cannot feed on large intermediate hosts such as dragonflies. We examined the role of the frog diet and potential intermediate hosts in the recruitment of the frog lung fluke, Haematoloechus coloradensis, to metamorphosed northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), Woodhouse’s toads (Bufo woodhousii), and bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana …

Research Note: Bolivian Ectoparasites: A Survey Of Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera), Carl W. Dick, Donald Gettinger, Scott Lyell Gardner

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

A survey collection of arthropods associated with bats documents new distributional records of Bolivian ectoparasites. New species records include Acari: Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae —Periglischrus caligus Kolenati, Periglischrus iheringi Oudemans, Periglischrus ojasti Machado-Allison; Macronyssidae—Radfordiella oudemansi Fonseca; Metastigmata: Argasidae—Ornithodoros hasei (Schulze); Insecta: Diptera: Streblidae—Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, Anastrebla modestini Wenzel, Anatrichobius scorzai Wenzel, Exastinion deceptivum Wenzel, Megistopoda theodori Wenzel, Neotrichobius delicatus (Machado-Allison), Paradyschiria fusca Speiser, Paraeuctenodes similis Wenzel, Strebla curvata Wenzel, Strebla guajiro (Garcı´a & Casal), Trichobius petersoni Wenzel, and Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel.

Haemodipsus Brachylagi N. Sp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Polyplacidae), A New Sucking Louse From The Pygmy Rabbit In Nevada, Lance A. Durden, Robert L. Rausch

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Faculty Publications

The male and female of Haemodipsis brachylagi,/i> n. sp. (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) are described from specimens collected from a pygmy rabbit, Brachylagus idahoensis (Merriam) (Lagomorpha: Leporidae), from Nevada. Morphological features that differentiate the new species from other known species of Haemodipsus are elucidated, and an identification key to both sexes of the three species now known from this genus in North America is included. Geographical distributions of the other four species of Haemodipsus known from other parts of the world are highlighted.