Wood Science and Pulp, Paper Technology Commons^™

Coagulation And Flocculation Of Flexographic Ink Washwaters By Various Organic And Inorganic Polymers, Jack R. Bray

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A review of flocculation is presented. Included is a discussion concerning the factors controlling pigment and heavy metal removal via flocculation treatment. Also included is a brief background on the regulatory status concerning the heavy metals contained in flexographic inks. A detailed experimental procedure involving the use of jar tests and several industrial polymers is included along with the analyses performed.

It is found that flocculation treatment of flexographic washwaters produces excellent results with respect to clarity and heavy metals removal. In most cases flocculation at an optimum concentration followed by simple gravitational settling resulted in heavy metals removal well …

The Effect Of Hlb Factor On Surfactants Used In Flotation Deinking, Thomas H. Berger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study is to determine the role of surfactants in flotation deinking through the use of their HLB factors. As an aside a comparison of surfactant and a product called Serfax NP-10 was made along with a study looking at the effect of surfactants and Serfax on a closed water system. It was found that an HLB of 13.5 worked best for flotation deinking and this points to the conclusion that the surfactant is working as a detergent. The Serfax product seemed to work as well as the best surfactant without any detrimental results in the closed …

The Effect Of Oxygen Treatment Of Thermomechanical Pulp On Strength And Hydrosulfite Bleachability, Robert L. Deamico

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The literature review for this thesis was done on the expectation of acquiring an ozone generator for experimental work. This expectation was never realized. Consequently, a low consistency oxygen treatment under mild alkaline conditions and room temperature was done instead. The two major considerations were to determine the effect of this treatment on strength properties and development, and on hydrosulfite bleachability. It was found that the brightness of the pulp was reduced on alkaline oxygen treatment, but pretreatment increased the bursting strength development caused by hydrosulfite bleaching, at the same freeness level. A substantial reduction in freeness level was experienced …

Improving The Performance Of The Finckh Screen, Michael J. Ryan Iv

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

As dewatering of the stock occurs around the screen basket of a Finckh pressurized, inward flow pulp screen, from 0 to 360 degrees, stock mass flow through the outer screen annulus decreases. Some sections of the screen basket hence handle more stock than other sections.

Stock velocity is dependent on mass flow through an area. Stock velocity is critical to fiber orientation, which is in turn critical to screening.

A volute, much like a tapered manifold header, would decrease the area available for stock flow. This will maintain stock velocity around the full circumference of the screen basket.

A volute …

Increasing The Operating Consistency Of The Finckh Pressurized Screen, Jose Serrano

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this study was to increase the operating consistency of The FINCKH pressurized screen. The main objective was to obtain good, efficient pulp cleaning at consistencies greater than 0.8%, and to observe the fractionating ability of the screen.

Cleaning efficiencies based on the removal of shives present in Groundwood were obtained in the order of 45%. Control runs were made at 0.7% consistency.

Installation of a linoleum volute - shaped element on the feed side of the screening zone, increased the velocity of the stock at low consistency (0.7%) without affecting the cleaning efficiency. At high consistency (1.26%) …

The Effect Of High Frequency Sinusoidal Strains On The Strength Properties Of Paper, Robert Mcqueary

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of various high frequency sinusoidal strains on the strength properties of a paper cone in a loud speaker. The stresses developed during sound propagation were approximated by applying viscoelastic theories to the paper cone's mode of response. This analysis indicated the stresses developed would be indirectly proportional to the square of the frequency in Hertz. Also relevent is the Boltzmann superposition principle which states that if a second strain is applied before the first strain is dissipated, the resultant strains are additive.

Sets of speakers were operated continuously for 120 …

The Role Of Cationic Polymers In Water Removal On A Paper Machine, Paul T. Miller

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Cationic polymers have often been termed as both retention and/or drainage aids. A distinction was made between these two terms. Essentially drainage aids should be viewed as dewatering aids and retention aids should be viewed as those polymers that give superior retention. These effects may be interrelated, therefore the dominant characteristic should be used to classify these polymers. There have been many claimed benefits associated with the use of these cationic polymers in stock furnishes. The author felt that claimed dewatering benefits were mostly a matter of conjecture and contradictions existed. Therefore a pilot. paper machine study was designed to …

The Effects Of Cationic Valence On Wash Deinking Of Newsprint, Lawrence E. Mcenroe

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The effects of cationic valence were tested against final pulp brightness in the wash deinking process on newsprint. The electrolytes used were AlCl₃,CaCl₂ and NaCl. The concentrations were varied from 8.32 x 10^-4 M to 100 times that amount on all three electrolytes. The effects were studied on the wash water and the cooking liquor seperately, using deionized water as a control run. It was found that there was a noticeable loss of brightness even at the lowest level of electrolyte addition in both the wash water trials and the cooking liquor trials. The effect was …

Flotation As A Method Of Separating Shot Particles From Mineral Wool Fibers, Thomas C. Harrison

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this thesis is to determine whether flotation will succeed as a method of separating shot from mineral wool fibers. The methods of manufacturing mineral wool are explored in detail. Also the three types of mineral wool (dark wool, white wool and ceramic fiber) are examined for properties. Various current and possible methods of separation are explored and discussed. The fibers were floated in a Voith flotation cell, and the floated fibers, as well as some of the virgin fibers, were classified in a Clark classifier. This was done in order to attempt to determine the effect of …

Use Of Heat Pumps In Vapor Absorption Systems, Charles A. Bartocci

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this study is to compare the performance of a gas fired dryer and a dryer that utilizes a heat pump for it's source of heat. Since a heat pump was unavailable for testing, ideal models were used to simulate heat pump behavior. Two temperatures and three different humidities were tested. To simulate the different humidity conditions the solvent coater-dryer was used with a water spray device in one of the heating zones. Using a psychometric chart and wet bulb dry bulb measurements the relative humidity was determined. From the data two curves were generated. Using those curves, …

The Interrelationship Of Fiber Length To Titanium Dioxide Pigment Retention, Robert A. Hansen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature review is presented that reviews the various considerations of retention in papermaking. The definition of retention and the three methods of retention,(sieving,entrapment, and coflocculation), are reviewed. Coagulation and flocculation are respectively discussed. Zeta potential and the various methods with which it is measured are reviewed, as well as various factors that influence zeta potential. The role of fines in the retention of wet end additives in the papermaking process is also discussed.

An experiment is designed to evaluate the effect of fiber length on titanium dioxide pigment retention. The experiment involves the determination of an optimum level of …

Curl: As Affected By Filler Distribution, Larry L. Lince

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to study the curl response of paper as affected by filler distribution, i.e. top-side, wire-side, or middle of the sheet, and to determine whether or not filler distribution plays a part in curl formation. Plybonded sheets were prepared which contained 17-20% ash. The filler content was positioned in various locations within the sheet. The sheets were subjected to relative humidities of 20-80%, and the curl response was measured. The maximum curl was produced when the filler was farthest away from the dryer surface. Minimum curl. was produced when the filler was closest to the …

Effectiveness Of Combination Solvent And Aqueous Deinking Of Waxed And Printed Papers, James A. Lanter

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Investigation of badly contaminated paper as a source of secondary fiber is an area of growing interest to the paper industry. A process that can remove contaminates from high gloss, printed, waxed, and/ or polycoated specialty paper is the experimental part of this thesis.

A brief overview of major factors involved in secondary fiber recycling will be discussed, such as economic factors, new demands, and pressures placed on the recycling industry. (1, 2, 3)

Different methods of contaminate removal and deinking techniques are discussed with a listing of advantages and disadvantages of each. (The methods include principles involved in absorbing …

Deinking Of Paper Using A Water Solvent Emulsion System, Archie Cameron Jr.

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This study examines the use of a solvent and water emulsion to deink waste paper. Solvents looked at in detail included napthalene and paradichlorobenzene. Various grades of waste paper were tested for deinkability including, coated and heavily printed magazine cover stock, plastic coated SES board, beer case stock with hotmelts, uncoated and unfilled stock printed with a neutral black ink, old corrigating medium filled with hotmelts and stickies, and finally, board printed with UV-cured inks. Most of these samples deinked very well.

Brightness and appearance were the basis for measuring deinkability. Yield was also tabulated for selected experiments. As a …

The Effects Of Fillers On The Deinkability Of Printed Paper, Jerry L. Martin

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This report covers the effect of fillers on the deinkability of a printed sheet of paper. Paper was produced with varying amounts of titanium dioxide and clay retained as fillers. This paper was then cut into 8½ X 11 inch sheets. The top half of each sheet was printed and cut away from the bottom unprinted half. Both of these portions were repulped by identical methods and brightness measurements were made from this recycled pulp. Differences in these brightnesses were ploted against percent ash in the sheet. It was found that at low levels of addition the filler increases the …

Application Of A Kraft Mill Mathematical Model Of A Pdp-11, Deborah A. Larsen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The need to estimate the effects of a design or operating change in kraft pulping and recovery processes has resulted in the development of a working mathematical model. This model is a series of equations which evaluate significant chemical flows and losses, cooking rates and process economics. Through careful application to a PDP-11 computer system, this model is available for economic evaluation of process changes to improve pulp quality. The information necessary to start up, run and understand the data is covered along with discussion of the history of the development of mathematical modelling.

The Addition Of Nacmc As An Anti-Redeposition Agent In The Floatation De-Inking Of Newsprint, Ronald R. Van Biervliet

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A study was performed to determine the effectiveness of NaCMC, as an anti-redeposition agent on newsprint, in a flotation deinking system. NaCMC performs the function of preventing soils from redepositing in many commercial laundry detergents. The study used six different surfactants; five were nonionic, and one was anionic. The effect of NaCMC was studied at three different levels of addition~ 0.05%, 1.0%, and 5.0%. One set of handsheets was produced with peroxide for comparison purposes. The effect of pH at 9.0, 10.0, and 11.0 with NaCMC was also studied. The data indicates that NaCMC does act as a redeposition agent …

The Aging Of Recycled Fibers, Martha M. Dubbeld

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this thesis is to study the aging of recycled paper, focusing on strength and optical properties. To observe the changes in these properties, the following experimental procedure was used. 100% softwood fibers were pulped, made into handsheets, tested, artificially aged, again tested, repulped and bleached before being made into handsheets once again. Because of cross-linking due to heating, the aging strength losses were masked.

A Study Of Fiber-To-Fiber Flocculation In Pulp Suspensions, Pamela Peay

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Fiber to fiber flocculation in pulp suspensions was studied and the influencing factors were discussed. The existence of a microfloc was proposed explain the behavior of flocculation versus time and degree of agitation. An experimental procedure to quantitatively describe the flocculation and its relationship to time and degree of agitation was not found. Polaroid photography, SLR photography, and a photocell and light source were the attempted methods.

A Study Of The Water Quality In A Closed Deinking Operation, John A. Fortunato

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In studying the effects of deinking newspapers using recycled water, I found that the suspended solids hampered the efficiency of the operation and lowered the quality of the paper being produced. Biological activity in the water also plays an important role in the water quality of the system, and thereby the paper quality. Several of the water quality tests performed showed that the contaminants in the water will reach a plateau (equilibrium) region where no significant change is noticed. This implies that a closed system should be able to tolerate a moderate build up of some contaminants and still operate …

The Effect Of Silane Modified Kaolin On Rheological Properties, James Kuhagen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It is well known that increased latex usage in pigmented coatings will enhance strength properties. However, the increase will result in lower optical properties. A modified pigment could be advantageous in the binding of adhesive, where as at present a film formation and secondary forces are major influences in the colloidal system.

Preliminary results indicate silane coupling agents were compatible in the rheological systems studied. In addition, care should be exercised in the selection of an adhesive for a specified situation.

These positive results form a sound basis for further investigation of organofunctional silanes as coupling agents in a coating …

Variables Influencing The Filtration Of Water Through Paper, Daniel J. Geddes

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

When water is filtered through paper under constant pressure, the flow rate decreases with time, even if distilled water is used as the permeating fluid. On the basis of previous literature,·possible causes of this effect were thought to be fiber swelling, the presence of microscopic bubbles in the water, electrical forces, or structures formed by water molecules and ionic impurities.

Experimentation showed that there is a blocking agent present in the distilled water which causes the decrease in flow rate. These particulate agents are denser than water, and have a greater affinity for cellulose than for glass. The particulates have …

A Study Of Starches At The Size Press, Robert M. Mcdonald

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A literature research is presented concerning the five different starches which were used. Also covered were size presses and how they affect paper properties. BOD was also covered, and how starch has a tremendous effect on it. The literature research indicates there are few quantitative results in this area.

The objective of the experimental work was to compare five different starches, applied at the size press, for physical and optical properties, and also BOD. The starches used were an ethylated, an oxidized, a cationic, a thermal-chemical and a thermal-chemical cationic. These five starches were applied at three solids levels and …

Student Information Management, Randy Rohrbach

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project is the design and implementation of a special database for the Paper Science Department. The data-base allows for sorting and searching of student information based on 1). name, 2.) age, 3.) number of credits, 4.) sex, and 5.) home state. The program was implemented in Pascal and therefore can be modified at a later date if additional features are described.

The Removal Of Hot Melt Adhesives From Recycled Paper Stock By The Froth Flotation Method, Dennis G. Nivison

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The object of this report is to explore the area of flotation as a means of removing hot adhesive from recycled paper stock. The major area of research resolved around choosing a surfactant capable of good performance in enhancing the flotation of adhesive and minimizing fiber loss. This surfactant was chosen by using a combination of zeta - potential studies and a flotation study in which 3 surfactants were screened. The highest performance was given by Rohm and Haas Triton N-100 followed respectively by X-114 and X-165. Even though all the surfactants had approximately the same high level of adhesive …

The Effect Of Stock Temperature On Centrifugal Cleaner Efficiency, Randall J. Stoykovich

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

As of age, the requirements of paper and pulp quality have multiplied. Optimizing the efficiency of the stock preparation system is a primary concern. The centrifugal cleaner represents an almost universal aspect of pulp cleaning. In an attempt to maximize contaminant content of the rejects with as little fibrous material as possible, the temperature was varied in a closed loop system which incorporated a Bolton-Emerson Albia 300SC centrifugal cleaner so as to determine an optimum range for operation .

Silane Treated Kaolins For Paper Coating, Jeffrey M. Brock

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Silanes have been used as coupling agents between inorganic reinforcements (such as clay) and polymer composites such as rubber and plastic for the past few years. The rubber industry uses silane-treated kaolin as reinforcements for SBR tires.

It is possible that silane-treated kaolin may provide desirable crosslinking properties in coatings used in the paper industry. This would provide strength to the coating and possibly maintain optical properties upon supercalendering. This study shows this may be possible from increased pick resistance with silane-treated kaolin coatings and a protein binder. These same coatings also yielded less ink absorption with silane-treated kaolins. Latex …

The Replupability Of Secondary Fibers Containing Latex-Based Pressure – Sensitive Adhesives, William K. Forester

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

It is the purpose of this thesis to investigate possible means of rendering latex-based pressure sensitive adhesives innocuous in currently operating secondary fiber systems.

It has been found that certain solvents will effectively attack and disperse latex-based pressure sensitive adhesives when used in solutions of 0.5 to 1.0 percent depending on the end product.

This involves presoaking the contaminated stock prior to defibering for varying amounts of time depending on the amount of contamination, the type of adhesive present, the temperature and pH parameters currently in use in each specific system.

It is also evident that contaminant build-up on equipment …

The Use Of Hydrophobic Plastics As Ink Collectors During Deinking Of News Waste, Brian L. Pahl

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The following study reports the performance of polyethylene and polystyrene in two different forms as ink collectors during deinking. Following a brief case history of conventional deinking and a detailed discussion of deinking with plastic as an ink collector, many variables affecting this process are analyzed. Although the results were somewhat eratic, some generalizations can be made. The polystyrene in the porous form provided maximum ink removal. This can be attributed to its ability to retain adsorbed ink particles. Regardless of the system used, ink removal increased with additional collector surface area. Nevertheless, some re-dispersion of ink particles was evident …

The Effects Of Pigment And Adhesive On Strength Development In Coated Paper, Henry G. Brink

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The application of a coating is expected to increase basepaper strength by a mechanism of adhesive penetration and enhancement of interfiber bonding similar to the strength improvements seen with size press treatments. It was felt, therefore, that the amount of strength improvement could be used as a measure of binder migration into the sheet. Pigmented and nonpigmented coatings were applied to a basepaper with a keegan coater. The pigment used was a predispersed clay, and the adhesive was a low viscosity polyvinyl alcohol. Both types of coatings produced statistically significant strength increases (up to 15% increase in tensile strength) over …