Forest Management Commons^™

The Effects Of Sower And Bed Density On Bareroot Loblolly Pine Seedling Morphology And Early Height Growth, Hans M. Williams, Tim Stewart

Faculty Publications

Precision sowing is commonly used at forest tree nurseries in order to improve the growing space uniformity of seedlings in the beds. Temple-Inland Forest Products Corporation recently purchased a vacuum sower and requested a study be conducted comparing their new sower with a drill sower on the morphological characteristics of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) at lifting. The study was conducted in 2000 and repeated in 2001. The seed were sown using the two sower types to achieve four densities of 161, 215, 269, and 323 seedlings/m2. Two half-sibling families were tested in 2000, and one halfsibling family was …

Winter Food Habits And Preferences Of Northern Bobwhites In East Texas, Donald R. Dietz, R. Montague Whiting Jr., Nancy E. Koerth

Faculty Publications

During late winter, 1994 and 1995, we investigated food habits and preferences of northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus; hereafter, bobwhites) collected on forested lands in east Texas. Crops for bobwhites were collected from areas under 3 management regimes, namely intensively managed for bobwhites (QMA) (i.e., tree basal area reduced, annually burned, numerous multi-stage food plots, etc.), extensively managed for timber and wildlife (NBS) (i.e., burned every 3-5 years, scattered 2-stage food plots with corn feeders), and unmanaged for wildlife (i.e., burned every 5-7 years). With years pooled, partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata), Hercules club (Zanthoxylum clava-herculis), and pine (Pinus spp.) seeds, and …

Remotely Sensed Data To Map Forest Age Class By Cover Type In East Texas, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Jeffrey M. Williams, James Kroll, Dean W. Coble, Jason Grogan

Faculty Publications

• Remote sensing in conjunction with ground truthing, can accurately quantify forest composition and age distributions in East Texas.
• Method uses standardized and readily available data available to the general public.
• Method was shown to be effective in terms of time and cost.

Significant Accomplishments And Milestones: 2002-2005, Arthur Temple College Of Forestry And Agriculture

eBooks

No abstract provided.

Multi-Source Image Classification, Hillary Tribby, James Kroll, Daniel Unger, I-Kuai Hung, Hans Michael Williams

Faculty Presentations

Since multi-source image classifications have the ability to exceed single source processes, such as traditional unsupervised classification methods, this paper will present the integration of four types of data: Lidar, elevation, multispectral and thermal. Using multi-source data and maximum likelihood classification methodology, as well as all possible permutations of data types, this paper will discuss ways to increase accuracy assessments of forested areas in east Texas and find the best combination of data sources.

Survey Of Backcountry Campers In Yellowstone National Park. Characteristics And Management Preferences (Abstract), Michael Legg, Pat Stephens Williams, Scott Oosterhous, Ray Darville

Faculty Publications

The identification of the complexities of the sociological dynamics of visitors and visitor use in our national parks has been a challenge to the field of human dimensions for the past thirty years. We continue to gather data through a variety of techniques and attempt to make sense of those complexities to help guide current and future management practices . . .

Using Gis For Selecting Trees For Thinning, I-Kuai Hung, Benjamin C. Mcnally, Kenneth W. Farrish, Brian P. Oswald

Faculty Presentations

Thinning removes trees within a stand to regulate the level of site occupancy and subsequent stand development. Before thinning is applied, foresters determine the amount of residual growing stock, the spatial distribution of the residual trees, and the criteria used to select trees to cut. In this study, a portion of a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantation was surveyed through a complete tree tally with the coordinates of each individual tree recorded. The dataset was then processed in a GIS program composed in Arc Marco Language (AML) applying a moving circular quadrat system superimposed over the study area. In each …

The Financially Optimal Loblolly Pine Planting Density And Management Regime For Nonindustrial Private Forestland In East Texas, Ching Hsun Huang, Gary D. Kronrad

Faculty Publications

Economic analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of initial planting density on the profitability of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) in East Texas. Five planting densities of 870, 725, 620, 540, and 484 trees per acre (tpa) representing spacings of 510, 610, 710, 810, and 910 ft, respectively, were investigated. Land expectation values were used to determine the financially optimal thinning and final harvesting schedules (including rotation length and the timing, frequency, and intensity of thinning). Five site indices (50 –90), six real alternative rates of return (ARR) (2.5–15.0%), and three thinning options (0, …

Effects Of Fertilization And Herbicides On Growth Of Young Loblolly Pine And Infestations Of Nantucket Pine Tip Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), David L. Kulhavy

Faculty Publications

A 2-year-old pine plantation was selected to receive treatments of fertilizers and herbicides to evaluate effects on Nantucket pine tip moth infestations and the tree growthparameters of height, diameter and volume increment. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and hexazinone and sulfometuron methyl herbicides were used in creating six treatments: (i) control; (ii) phosphorus; (iii) nitrogen and phosphorus; (iv) phosphorus and herbicide; (v) nitrogen, phosphorus and herbicide; and (vi) herbicide. Treatments were applied in 1987 and 1988. In 1987, trees treated with nitrogen, phosphorus and herbicide had significantly greater height, diameter and volume growth than trees not receiving fertilizer treatments, but did …

Forest Landscape Changes In East Texas From 1974 To 2002, I-Kuai Hung, Jeffrey M. Williams, James Kroll, Daniel Unger

Faculty Presentations

Timber production has been one of the most important industries in east Texas since the mid 19th century. For over 100 years, timber has represented one-third of all agricultural income in this region. In order to review forest landscape changes over time -- resulting from many years of management and investment -- historical satellite remote sensing data from 1974 to 2002 were used to determine landscape patterns and changes in four counties of east Texas : Angelina, Nacogdoches , San Augustine, and Shelby . Land cover was classified either as forest or non-forest and a land cover map was generated …

Economic Analysis Of Pruning And Low-Density Management Compared To Traditional Management Of Loblolly Pine Plantations In East Texas, Ching Hsun Huang, Gary D. Kronrad

Faculty Publications

Economic analyses were conducted to compare traditional loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) timber management to low-density management combined with pruning in East Texas. Soil expectation values were used to determine the financially optimal thinning and final harvesting schedules (including rotation length, and the timing, frequency and intensity of thinning). Two stumpage price assumptions were made: market price and premium price for pruned, clear sawlogs. Five site indices (50 to 90) and six real alternative rates of return (ARR) (2.5 to 15.0%) were employed. Results indicate that if the market price of sawtimber is $450/mbf, traditional management is more profitable for …

How Are Investment Returns Affected By Competition Control And Southern Oak Seedling Survival?, D. L. Grebner, A. W. Ezall, D. A. Gaddis, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

Increasing numbers of landowners are establishing hardwood plantations to satisfy their management objectives. Despite a dearth of research on competition control and its effects on initial hardwood plantation survival and investment returns, this study examines alternative competition control regimes for southern oak establishment. The analysis includes estimates of land expectation value for comparing alternatives. Our results suggest that greater returns can be achieved for southern oaks during both good and bad rainfall years, using methods that maximize survival through competition control.

Comparison Between Regenerators And Non-Regenerators In Mississippi: A Discriminant Analysis, Kathryn G. Arano, Ian A. Munn, John E. Gunter, Steven H. Bullard, Max L. Doolittle

Faculty Publications

Nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) landowners in Mississippi who recently harvested timber were surveyed to examine their regeneration behavior. Differences between regenerators and nonregenerators were investigated by looking at the different factors affecting reforestation decisions. A discriminant analysis was used to identify factors that were useful in differentiating between regenerators and nonregenerators. Ownership size; sociodemographic characteristics such as income, education, place of residence, and age; awareness of existing government incentive/assistance programs; and participation in educational programs were significant variables in differentiating between regenerators and nonregenerators. Landowners who own larger timberlands had a higher propensity to engage in regeneration activities after harvests. …

Factors Affecting Mississippi’S Nipf Landowners’ Reforestation Decisions, Kathryn G. Arano, John E. Gunter, Steven H. Bullard, Larry Doolittle, Ian A. Munn

Faculty Publications

Non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners have played an increasingly important role in the nation's timber economy. Nearly 70% of the forestland in the South is owned by NIPF landowners (Powell et al., 1994). In Mississippi alone, these landowners control approximately 66% of the state's forestland base (Hartsell and London, 1995). Therefore, NIPF landowners are expected to provide a large portion of the state's supply of timber. However, whether they do so depends largely on how their timberlands are managed. Forest management decisions of NIPF landowners can impact future timber supply due to the magnitude of their collective ownership.

Perceived Benefits Of Mississippi’S Forestry Best Management Practices, Amanda L. Husak, Stephen C. Grado, Steven H. Bullard, Chuck Jepsen

Faculty Publications

The primary goal of many nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners, forestry consultants, and timber industry professionals is to increase revenues from their forestland. Most often, increased revenues are a result of harvesting timber stands from the site. However, the chances of increased revenues can be greatly reduced if the stands are improperly managed or voluntary Best Management Practices (BMPs) guidelines are not followed.

Effects Of Controlled Dog Hunting On Movements Of Female White-Tailed Deer, Christopher E. Comer

Faculty Publications

Understanding the responses of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) to controlled dog hunting can aid in the effective implementation of canine-assisted population management strategies. We examined the 24-h diel movements of 13 radio-collared female deer exposed to dog hunting on the Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, South Carolina, where regulated dog hunting has occurred since 1965. We compared diel home range size, rate of travel, and distance between extreme diel locations before, during, and after hunts from 14 September-14 December 2002. Die1 home range size (F2,91= 7.71, P < 0.001) and distance between extreme diel locations (F2,9l= 6.78, P = 0.002) on hunt day were greater than 10-day pre- and …

Assessing The Quantity And Quality Of Forested Resources In East Texas Using Remotely Sensed Data, Daniel Unger

Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: Development of new or enhanced remote sensing methodologies for assessing the quantity of east Texas forests and their associated ecosystems. Development of new or enhanced remote sensing methodologies for assessing the quality of east Texas forests and their associated ecosystems. Application of temporal analysis to assess the change in the quantity/quality of east Texas forests and their associated ecosystems over time.

Economic Analysis Of Sequestering Carbon In Green Ash Forests In The Lower Mississippi River Valley, Ching Hsun Huang, Gary D. Kronrad, Shiaolin D. Cheng

Faculty Publications

Since the U.S. is the largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2), it has become crucial to develop options that are both cost effective and supportive of sustainable development to reduce atmospheric CO2. Electric utility companies have the options of reducing their use of fossil fuels, switching to alternative energy sources, increasing efficiency, or offsetting carbon emissions. This study determined the cost and profitability of sequestering carbon in green ash plantations, and the number of tons of carbon that can be sequestered. The profitability of green ash is $2,342 and $3,645 per acre on site indices (measurement of soil quality) 65 …

Using Gis For Forest Recreation Planning On The Longleaf Ridge Special Area Of The Angelina National Forest, East Texas, I-Kuai Hung

Faculty Publications

Longleaf Ridge Special Area (LRSA) located in the Angelina National Forest is the westernmost example of a longleaf pine savanna community. Ecologically, the area is one of the most diverse communities in Texas. Due to its size, abundant natural and historical resources, numerous outdoor recreation opportunities exist. In this study, GIS was used to develop a forest recreation concept plan on LRSA. Most of the geospatial data came from public entities. Information for demand analysis on forest recreation was obtained from the 2000 National Survey on Recreation and the Environment database. U.S. Forest Service recreation fee envelope data were analyzed …

Effects Of Prescribed Burning On Vegetation And Fuel Loading In Three East Texas State Parks, S. Rideout, Brian P. Oswald

Faculty Publications

-This study was conducted to evaluate the initial effectiveness of prescribed burning in the ecological restoration of forests within selected parks in east Texas. Twenty-four permanent plots were installed to monitor fuel loads, overstory, sapling, seedling, shrub and herbaceous layers within bum and control units of Mission Tejas, Tyler and Village Creek state parks. Measurements were taken during the summers of 1999 and 2000. Prescribed burning was conducted between these sampling periods in early spring 2ooo. Results indicated that the current applications of prescribed burning do not significantly influence vegetation or fuels. Sustained drought, prior management practices and imposed local …

Fuel Loading Prediction Models Developed From Aerial Photographs Of The Sangre De Cristo And Jemez Mountains Of New Mexico, Usa, Kelly Scott, Brian P. Oswald, Kenneth W. Farrish, Daniel Unger

Faculty Publications

Fuel load prediction equations that made use of aerial photographs were developed for Mixed Conifer, Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) and Pinyon-Juniper (Pinus edulis Engelm.)-(Juniperusmonosperma Engelm.) cover types from one-time measurements made in the Santa Fe watershed (SFWS) located in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of northern New Mexico, and at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) located in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico. The results of the watershed data set were favorable and exhibited a high degree of relative accuracy. The results from the LANL data set did not share the same degree of accuracy, …

Weed Control And Seedling Performance Using Oust, Velpar, And Velpar+Oust Impregnated Diammonium Phosphate, Jimmie L. Yeiser

Faculty Publications

Technology that combines herbicide and fertilizer into one treatment thereby reducing application costs while enhancing growth is needed. Four clean and well-prepared sites in TX, MS, and AL were tested. Study objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of diammonium phosphate (DAP) impregnated with Oust, Velpar, or Velpar+Oust for herbaceous weed control and newly planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedling growth. In 1999, treatments were applied early post weed-emergence to 60percent bare ground in East TX. Impregnated DAP provided about 38percent less competitor control than separate liquid and fertilizer applications at similar rates. Best seedling survival and growth resulted from …

Growth Response From Herbicide, Prescribed Fire And Fertilizer Treatments In Midrotational Loblolly Pine: First-Year Results, Mary Michelle Barnett, Sandra Rideout, Brian P. Oswald, Kenneth W. Farrish, Hans Michael Williams

Faculty Publications

This study was initiated to determine growth response resulting from the application of prescribed fire and herbicide, with and without fertilizatio.n. In. southeast Texas, herbicide, prescribed fire and fertilizer treatments were applied in m1d:rotat1onal loblolly pine plantations 1.5 years after thinning. Five replications were established at. each of two study sites located on similar soils, aspects and slopes. Half of each replication. was randomly selected and fertilized. Eight treatment plots were established 1n e~ch replication with one of each of the four treatments of control, herbicide, fire, and herb1c1de/flre randomly applied to fertilized plots and one of each of the …

Preliminary Results: Effects Of Fertilization, Herbicide Application, And Prescribed Burning On Understory Regeneration On Pine Plantations In East Texas, Betsy Ott, Brian Oswald, Hans Williams, Kenneth Farrish

Faculty Publications

Biodiversity and species rareness are increasingly the focal points for assessment of habitat quality. Managed pine plantations are often viewed as monocultures with little of value beyond their timber crop. The purpose of this study is to assess vegetative biodiversity in the understory of two pine plantations in which different vegetative control mechanisms are being evaluated. Controlled burn, herbicide treatment, and a combination of both are being compared on fertilized and unfertilized plots on two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations in east Texas. This study will compare species diversity and frequency on untreated and treated plots. One-square meter …

Growth Reponse Of Loblolly Pine To Intermediate Treatment Of Fire, Herbicide, And Fertilizer: Preliminary Results, L. M. Marino, B. P. Oswald, K. W. Farrish, H. M. Williams, Daniel R. Unger

Faculty Publications

Crown area is an important factor in determining stem development. This study examined the changes in stem diameter per unit area of crown due to treatment with fire, herbicide, fertilizer, and tree-thinning practice. The experimental sites were mid-rotation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations that were thinned one year before treatment. Site 1 was strictly row-thinned and Site 2 was thinned by and within each row. Five replicates were installed on each site. Each replicate consisted of 8 subplots (0.1 ha) containing a central 0.04 ha measurement plot. A randomized-block split-plot design was used at each site, with fertilizer …

Effects Of Midrotation Intensive Silviculture On Forest Soils In East Texas: First-Year Results, S. A. Wilson, K. W. Farrish, B. P. Oswald, H. M. Williams, J. L. Yeiser

Faculty Publications

Intensive forest management is becoming increasingly common in east Texas. Included in intensive management are such practices as mid-rotation fertilization, prescribed fire, and herbicide application. There is insufficient information about the effects of these treatments on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties when applied at mid-rotation. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the effects of these treatments on soil physical properties including organic matter content and bulk density; chemical properties including soil nitrogen and phosphorus; and on populations of resident earthworms. Five replications were installed in each of two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations aged 15 …

Financial Maturity Concepts With Application To Three Hardwood Timber Stands, Steven H. Bullard, D. L. Grebner, K. L. Belli

Faculty Publications

Timber is “financially mature” when its rate of value increase falls below what the landowner can earn in alternative investments that are comparable in duration, risk, liquidity, and other factors. The basic concept of financial maturity is simple, but in application it involves several very important, basic questions and issues.

Forval: Computer Software Package For Forestry Investment Analysis, T. J. Straka, Steven H. Bullard

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Movement Patterns Of Resident And Relocated Northern Bobwhites In East Texas, Xiangwen Liu, R. Montague Whiting Jr., D. Scott Parsons, Donald R. Dietz

Faculty Publications

We compared home range sizes and movement patterns of resident and relocated northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) on an area managed specifically for the species in the Pineywoods of east Texas. During the winters of 1990–1992, 155 south Texas, 136 east Texas, and 139 resident bobwhites were radiomarked, released, and thereafter regularly located. Bird locations were plotted on a digitized map, and home range sizes and movement patterns of each group of birds were estimated. Resident bobwhites moved longer daily distances in March and had larger home ranges during the nesting season (May-Jul) than relocated birds (P0.05). Managers that elect to …

Development, Testing, And Implementation Of The Temple-Inland, Inc. Sustainable Forest Management System (Tinsms), 2001, Arthur Temple College Of Forestry And Agriculture

eBooks

No abstract provided.