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2003

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Articles 91 - 120 of 143

Full-Text Articles in Forest Sciences

Remote Sensing Estimates Of Boreal And Temperate Forest Woody Biomass: Carbon Pools, Sources, And Sinks, Jiarui Dong, Robert K. Kaufmann, Ranga B. Myneni, Compton J. Tucker, Pekka E. Kauppi, Jari Liski, Wolfgang Buermann, V. Alexeyev, Malcolm K. Hughes Jan 2003

Remote Sensing Estimates Of Boreal And Temperate Forest Woody Biomass: Carbon Pools, Sources, And Sinks, Jiarui Dong, Robert K. Kaufmann, Ranga B. Myneni, Compton J. Tucker, Pekka E. Kauppi, Jari Liski, Wolfgang Buermann, V. Alexeyev, Malcolm K. Hughes

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The relation between satellite measurements of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), cumulated over the growing season, and inventory estimates of forest woody biomass carbon is estimated statistically with data from 167 provinces and states in six countries (Canada, Finland, Norway, Russia and the USA for a single time period and Sweden for two periods). Statistical tests indicate that the regression model can be used to represent the relation between forest biomass and NDVI across spatial, temporal and ecological scales for relatively long time scales. For the 1.42 billion ha of boreal and temperate forests in the Northern Hemisphere, the …

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Heterosis And Combining Ability For Yield Components And Fiber Quality Parameters In A Half Diallel Cotton (G. Hirsutum L.) Population^1, Hüseyi̇n Başal, İsmai̇l Turgut Jan 2003

Heterosis And Combining Ability For Yield Components And Fiber Quality Parameters In A Half Diallel Cotton (G. Hirsutum L.) Population^1, Hüseyi̇n Başal, İsmai̇l Turgut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Combining ability and heterosis were determined in a population obtained from the half diallel crossing of 6 different cotton genotypes for yield components and fiber quality parameters. For breeding purposes, to improve the investigated characters some suitable parents were selected for different characters: DPL 5690 for number of bolls per plant, Acala SJ-5 for boll weight and fiber length; Nazilli-84 and Carmen for seed cotton yield and lint percentage; Tamcot CAMD-E for earliness and fiber fineness; and PD 6168 for fiber strength. When the crosses were evaluated for the investigated characters Tamcot CAMD-E x Carmen, Nazilli-84 x PD 6168, DPL …

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Detection And Characterization Of Plum Pox Potyvirus (Ppv) By Das-Elisa And Rt-Pcr / Rflp Analysis In Turkey, Gülşen Sertkaya, Çi̇ğdem Ulubaş Serçe, Kadri̇ye Çağlayan Jan 2003

Detection And Characterization Of Plum Pox Potyvirus (Ppv) By Das-Elisa And Rt-Pcr / Rflp Analysis In Turkey, Gülşen Sertkaya, Çi̇ğdem Ulubaş Serçe, Kadri̇ye Çağlayan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to determine the presence of plum pox virus (PPV) (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) in different regions of Turkey and to characterize PPV isolates by serological and molecular techniques, including ELISA and PCR/ RFLP. Thus, leaf samples from different stone fruit species (almond, apricot, nectarine, peach, plum and sour and sweet cherry) exhibiting various types of symptoms related to PPV were collected from different parts of the canopy from randomly selected orchards in the main stone fruit growing areas in Turkey, except for Malatya province. Polyclonal antibodies were used to detect the presence of PPV in the …

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Fire Climate Interactions And Predicting Fire Season Severity In The Mediterranean Climate Areas Of California, Southern Oregon, And Western Nevada, Alan H. Taylor, Carl N. Skinner, Andrew M. Carleton, Scott L. Stephens, Valerie Trouet, Bernd Haupt, Andrew Pierce Jan 2003

Fire Climate Interactions And Predicting Fire Season Severity In The Mediterranean Climate Areas Of California, Southern Oregon, And Western Nevada, Alan H. Taylor, Carl N. Skinner, Andrew M. Carleton, Scott L. Stephens, Valerie Trouet, Bernd Haupt, Andrew Pierce

Joint Fire Science Program Research Project Reports

• We identified annual area burned for 37 National Forests in Washington, Oregon, and California between 1929 and 2004 from annual fire reports. Variation in area burned each year on National Forest lands is strongly related (r2 = 0.87) to total area burned in California. This indicates area burned in National Forests is a good indicator of total area burned in a state. • Four large groups of National Forests were identified that had similar temporal patterns of fire extent. Three of these groups were spatially coherent and included mainly: 1) Washington and northern Oregon; 2) northern California and California …

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Forest Certification As A Global Civil Society Regulatory Institution, Errol E. Meidinger Jan 2003

Forest Certification As A Global Civil Society Regulatory Institution, Errol E. Meidinger

Contributions to Books

Published in Social and Political Dimensions of Forest Certification, Errol Meidinger, Christopher Elliott & Gerhard Oesten, eds.

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Determination Of The Salt Tolerance Of Some Barley Genotypes And The Characteristics Affecting Tolerance, Seydi̇ Ahmet Bağci, Hasan Eki̇z, Ahmet Yilmaz Jan 2003

Determination Of The Salt Tolerance Of Some Barley Genotypes And The Characteristics Affecting Tolerance, Seydi̇ Ahmet Bağci, Hasan Eki̇z, Ahmet Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The salt (NaCl) tolerance of 8 barley genotypes was investigated. Plants were grown hyroponically in Hoagland solution at 5 different NaCl concentrations. Germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot and root dry weight, salt tolerance percentage, and K and Na concentrations in the shoots and roots were evaluated. Salt tolerance percentage, which is calculated from the germination percentage and dry weight production, was the most reliable criterion. On the other hand, with some exceptions, high K concentration and K/Na ratios were other potential criteria. Erginel-90 and WBELT-10 showed high levels of tolerance; and Obruk-86, Anadolu-86, Kıral-97 and Karatay-94 showed medium …

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Effects Of Some Manufacturing Factors On The Properties Of Particleboard Manufactured From Alder (Alnus Glutinosa Subsp. Barbata), Gökay Nemli̇ Jan 2003

Effects Of Some Manufacturing Factors On The Properties Of Particleboard Manufactured From Alder (Alnus Glutinosa Subsp. Barbata), Gökay Nemli̇

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, Alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp.Barbata) wood was used for particleboard manufacturing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of particle moisture content, shelling ratio and the addition of wood dust on the mechanical properties (static bending, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) and physical property (thickness swelling) of particleboard. The addition of 10% wood dust to particles decreased the thickness swelling, modulus of elasticity and bending strength, while increasing the internal bond. Particleboards manufactured from particles with 1% moisture content had lower internal bond, modulus of elasticity and bending strength and higher thickness swelling values …

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Qtl Mapping And Analysis Of Qtl X Nitrogen Interactions For Some Yield Components In Brassica Napus L., Muhammet Kemal Gül Jan 2003

Qtl Mapping And Analysis Of Qtl X Nitrogen Interactions For Some Yield Components In Brassica Napus L., Muhammet Kemal Gül

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Nitrogen (N) plays a critical role in crop production. Nowadays, it is possible to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL), as well as their effects and positions on chromosomes, by new molecular and biometrical methods. A doubled haploid rapeseed population of 142 lines from the doubled winter rapeseed cultivars Mansholt's and Samourai, and a framework map derived from an RFLP map were used for the analysis of QTL and their interactions with N in terms of some yield components obtained from field trials in Brassica napus L. The interactions between traits and N were determined by variance analysis. Two QTL for …

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Correlation And Path Coefficient Analysis For Some Yield-Related Traits In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under Thrace Conditions, Hali̇l Sürek, Necmi̇ Beşer Jan 2003

Correlation And Path Coefficient Analysis For Some Yield-Related Traits In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under Thrace Conditions, Hali̇l Sürek, Necmi̇ Beşer

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The associations among yield components, and their direct and indirect influence on the grain yield of rice were investigated. For this purpose, 80 breeding lines derived from 11 different cross populations in the F_6 generation and their 10 parents were tested in a randomised complete block experiment design with two replications at the Thrace Agricultural Research Institute in 1995. According to the results from the first year, 49 breeding lines were selected, and they and their 10 parents were tested in a randomised complete block experiment design with three replications in the same institute in 1996. The phenotypic correlations among …

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Effect Of Growth Season On Forage Yields Of Different Brassica Cultivars Under Ankara Conditions, Suzan Altinok, Azi̇z Karakaya Jan 2003

Effect Of Growth Season On Forage Yields Of Different Brassica Cultivars Under Ankara Conditions, Suzan Altinok, Azi̇z Karakaya

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This research was carried out at the experimental field of Ankara University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops in Turkey in 1997 and 1998. Spring and summer seedings were employed in both years. The introduced kale cultivars Vates, Siberian and Premier (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), forage rape cultivar Emerald (Brassica rapa L.) and Collard cultivars Vates, Champion and Georgia Southern (Brassica oleracea L.) were used as the research materials. The effect of the growth season on forage Brassica yields was evident, and generally the yields of summer-grown cultivars were higher. The highest forage yields and crude protein contents …

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Soil Erosion Risk Assessment With Icona Model; Case Study: Beypazarı Area, İlhami̇ Bayrami̇n, Orhan Dengi̇z, Oğuz Başkan, Mehmet Parlak Jan 2003

Soil Erosion Risk Assessment With Icona Model; Case Study: Beypazarı Area, İlhami̇ Bayrami̇n, Orhan Dengi̇z, Oğuz Başkan, Mehmet Parlak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this research, the applicability of geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) techniques was tested to assess soil erosion risk with the ICONA erosion model. This study was carried out in the Ankara-Beypazarı area because of its variety of diverse landforms, land uses and land covers. The erosion risk assessment phase of this model consists of seven steps that mainly use slope, geology, land use and land cover information. A potential erosion risk map (step 3) was obtained from the slope (step 1) and lithofacies layers (step 2) generated using a digital elevation model (DEM) and digital geological …

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Determining The Strength Properties Of The Dixired Peach Variety, Kubi̇lay K. Vursavuş, Faruk Özgüven Jan 2003

Determining The Strength Properties Of The Dixired Peach Variety, Kubi̇lay K. Vursavuş, Faruk Özgüven

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Peaches, like other fruits, are susceptible to different kinds of damage during and after harvest. Such damage is a major cause of quality loss in fruit. In order to reduce these losses, it is necessary to know the strength properties of fruit. Some strength properties of "Dixred" peaches are investigated in this paper. Peaches were stored at 0 ºC and 90% relative humidity for specified lengths of time. Impact treatment was applied by a pendulum impactor at four energy levels. Bruise volume was measured in the bruised peaches after impact, and bruise susceptibility was calculated from the linear regression line …

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Effect Of Cadmium On Growth And Concentrations Of Cadmium, Ascorbic Acid And Sulphydryl Groups In Durum Wheat Cultivars, Levent Öztürk, Seli̇m Eker, Faruk Özkutlu, İsmai̇l Çakmak Jan 2003

Effect Of Cadmium On Growth And Concentrations Of Cadmium, Ascorbic Acid And Sulphydryl Groups In Durum Wheat Cultivars, Levent Öztürk, Seli̇m Eker, Faruk Özkutlu, İsmai̇l Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

By using two durum wheat cultivars (Triticum durum L. cvs. Balcali-85 and C-1252) a nutrient solution experiment was carried out to study i) genotypic variation in cadmium (Cd) tolerance, ii) Cd concentrations in plants, and iii) the role of ascorbic acid and non-protein SH groups (SH: sulphydryl) in Cd tolerance. Plants were grown under controlled climatic conditions for 15 days and subjected to increasing Cd supply (0, 6, 30, 75 and 150 µM). Of the two cultivars, C-1252 showed greater sensitivity to Cd toxicity as judged from the severity of Cd toxicity symptoms on leaves. Increasing Cd supply markedly reduced …

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Studies On Lignin-Based Adhesives For Particleboard Panels, Ni̇hat Sami̇ Çeti̇n, Ni̇lgül Özmen Jan 2003

Studies On Lignin-Based Adhesives For Particleboard Panels, Ni̇hat Sami̇ Çeti̇n, Ni̇lgül Özmen

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The ultimate aim of this work was to develop a phenolic resin for partially replacing phenol with modified organosolv lignin in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin production. The lignin-formaldehyde relationship was determined in a reactivity test. Organosolv lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins were produced in a two-step preparation with different additions of lignin. The method selected for the manufacture of lignin resins dealt with modification of the lignin by the methylolation route. The effects of different substitution levels of organosolv lignin on strength properties were evaluated by testing lignin resin impregnated paper strips. A comparison of the tensile properties of organosolv lignin formulations, impregnated …

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Determination Of Superior Parents And Hybrid Combinations In Respect To Lint Yield And Yield Components In Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.), Mehmet Mert, Oktay Gençer, Yaşar Akişcan, Kenan Boyaci Jan 2003

Determination Of Superior Parents And Hybrid Combinations In Respect To Lint Yield And Yield Components In Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.), Mehmet Mert, Oktay Gençer, Yaşar Akişcan, Kenan Boyaci

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The purpose of this study was to determine estimates of the general combining ability of parents and the specific combining ability of hybrids needed to develop high yielding cotton cultivars. Five cotton lines (Sure Grow 125, Sure Grow 404, Sure Grow 501, Sure Grow 1001 and Çukurova 1518) and 7 testers (PAUM 400, PAUM 401, PAUM 402, PAUM 403, PAUM 404, PAUM 405 and PAUM 406) were crossed in a line x tester mating system at Çukurova University, Cotton Research and Application Center, Adana, Turkey, in 2000. Twelve genotypes and 35 F_1 hybrids were sown in a randomized complete block …

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Comparison Of The Performance Of Autumn And Spring Sowing Of Chickpeas In A Temperate Region, Sai̇m Özdemi̇r, Ufuk Karadavut Jan 2003

Comparison Of The Performance Of Autumn And Spring Sowing Of Chickpeas In A Temperate Region, Sai̇m Özdemi̇r, Ufuk Karadavut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of autumn and spring sowing on chickpea yield were investigated by examining yield components in a 2-year (2000-2001 and 2001-2002 growing seasons) field experiment in a temperate region, in north-west Turkey. Twenty-one chickpea genotypes (2 registered varieties of winter type for the Mediterranean region and 19 breeding lines) were evaluated in 2 sowing seasons (autumn and spring). Autumn-sown crops were subjected to -2.1 °C and snow cover twice (2 and 4 days) in the first year and -7.6 °C and snow cover 3 times (8, 14 and 6 days) in the second year. All genotypes were resistant to …

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Hydrolysis Of Polysaccharides With 77% Sulfuric Acid For Quantitative Saccharification, Güneş Uçar, Mualla Balaban Jan 2003

Hydrolysis Of Polysaccharides With 77% Sulfuric Acid For Quantitative Saccharification, Güneş Uçar, Mualla Balaban

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Classical standard hydrolysis of polysaccharides with 72% sulfuric acid was modified in 2 manners. In order to avoid treatment in an autoclave at 120 °C under pressure, wood or pulp material was first swollen in cold 77% acid followed by hydrolysis steps in diluted acid solutions. Further, the neutralization of the hydrolyzate with dilute barium hydroxide was carried out in heated mother liquor ensuring a crystalline precipitate of barium sulfate. Digestion enables the separation of clear aliquots by decantation in large amounts for analysis by HPLC. The modified procedure allows hydrolyses of polysaccharides with low losses as indicated by correction …

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Measuring The Market Power Of The Banana Import Market In Turkey, Seli̇m Adem Hatirli, Eugene Jones, Ali̇ Riza Aktaş Jan 2003

Measuring The Market Power Of The Banana Import Market In Turkey, Seli̇m Adem Hatirli, Eugene Jones, Ali̇ Riza Aktaş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Banana production in Turkey represents a small fraction of that required to meet domestic consumption. Domestic consumption totaled 188,000 t in 2000, whereas production amounted to just 64,000 t, or 34% of consumption. The gap between consumption and production is made up by imports and 5 multinational firms control the flow of more than 80% of the global banana trade. Given this firm dominance in the world trade of bananas, oligopoly theory would suggest the presence of underlying structural forces that could facilitate price-enhancing market power. As such, this study develops an integrated trade and new empirical industrial organization (NEIO) …

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Apple Grading Using Fuzzy Logic, İsmai̇l Kavdir, Daniel E. Guyer Jan 2003

Apple Grading Using Fuzzy Logic, İsmai̇l Kavdir, Daniel E. Guyer

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Classification is vital for the evaluation of agricultural produce. However, the high costs, subjectivity, tediousness and inconsistency associated with manual sorting have been forcing the post harvest industry to apply automation in sorting operations. Fuzzy logic (FL) was applied as a decision making support to grade apples in this study. Quality features such as the color, size and defects of apples were measured through different equipment. The same set of apples was graded by both a human expert and a FL system designed for this purpose. Grading results obtained from FL showed 89% general agreement with the results from the …

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Geographic Information System And Remote Sensing Based Land Evaluation Of Beypazarı Area Soils By Ilsen Model, Orhan Dengi̇z, İlhami̇ Bayrami̇n, Mahmut Yüksel Jan 2003

Geographic Information System And Remote Sensing Based Land Evaluation Of Beypazarı Area Soils By Ilsen Model, Orhan Dengi̇z, İlhami̇ Bayrami̇n, Mahmut Yüksel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Land evaluation is of great importance in guiding decisions on land uses in terms of their potential and conserving natural resources for future generations. The main objective of this study was to determine land resources and to evaluate land utilization types and their suitability in Beypazarı area soils. In addition to field studies, digital soil and land use related (satellite data, DEM and digital geology maps) data were used and analyzed with remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques and a new digital soil map and database were generated for the study area. Soils were classified using soil …

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Aspen Delineation Project 2003 Summary Report, David Burton Jan 2003

Aspen Delineation Project 2003 Summary Report, David Burton

Aspen Bibliography

The 2003 report summarizes the second year of the Aspen Delineation Project (ADP) as a project cosponsored by the Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region; California State Office, Bureau of Land Management; and California Department of Fish and Game. David Burton, the Principal Investigator of the Aspen Delineation Project, works under the direction of Hugh Safford (FS), Ed Lorentzen (BLM), and Eric Loft (CDFG).

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Aspen Management Guidelines For Blm Lands In North-Central Nevada, Charles E. Kay Jan 2003

Aspen Management Guidelines For Blm Lands In North-Central Nevada, Charles E. Kay

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

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Models For The Distribution Of Quaking Aspen In Geographic And Potential Evapotranspiration Spaces Relevant To The Book Cliffs (Utah), 2000-2002, Joseph O. Sexton Jan 2003

Models For The Distribution Of Quaking Aspen In Geographic And Potential Evapotranspiration Spaces Relevant To The Book Cliffs (Utah), 2000-2002, Joseph O. Sexton

Aspen Bibliography

Quaking aspen is the most widely distributed tree species in North America and an asset to sociological, ecological, and hydrological land values in the western United States. In recognition of these values, land managers seek means to oppose a regional decline of aspen in the Intermountain West—a decline apparently in progress since the close of the Pleistocene and driven by climate change, fire suppression, and increasing ungulate densities. One location of special relevance to this decline is the Utah-Colorado Book Cliffs, a discrete boundary of quaking aspen’s geographic range and a potential biogeographic corridor between the sub-alpine communities of the …

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Good Intentions May Doom Aspen Groves, James R. Fazio Jan 2003

Good Intentions May Doom Aspen Groves, James R. Fazio

Aspen Bibliography

If there were a Guiness Book of World Records for trees, quaking aspen would be in it - not once but probably several times.

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Kinetics Of Nonenzymatic Browning Reaction In Citrus Juice Concentrates During Storage, Nuray Koca, Hande Selen Burdurlu, Feryal Karadeni̇z Jan 2003

Kinetics Of Nonenzymatic Browning Reaction In Citrus Juice Concentrates During Storage, Nuray Koca, Hande Selen Burdurlu, Feryal Karadeni̇z

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The kinetics of nonenzymatic browning in citrus juice concentrates (orange, lemon, grapefruit and tangerine) during 8 weeks of storage at 28, 37 and 45 ºC were investigated. Browning development was followed by measuring absorbance at 420 nm (A_{420}) and using CIE-Lab color system. Analysis of kinetic data from A_{420} values suggested a zero-order reaction for nonenzymatic browning, while changes in L* and b* parameters followed a first-order reaction. Activation energy for nonenzymatic browning determined by A_{420} values ranged from 17.60 to 35.27 kcal mol^{-1}, while those for L* and b* parameters were 6.67-28.99 kcal mol^{-1} and 15.38-34.2 kcal mol^{-1}, respectively. …

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The Role Of Eicosanoids On Nodulation Reactions To Bacterium Serratia Marcescens In Larvae Of Ostrinia Nubilalis, Hasan Tunaz, Ali̇ Arda Işikber, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er Jan 2003

The Role Of Eicosanoids On Nodulation Reactions To Bacterium Serratia Marcescens In Larvae Of Ostrinia Nubilalis, Hasan Tunaz, Ali̇ Arda Işikber, Mehmet Kubi̇lay Er

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Nodulation is the first step of the cellular defense reactions to bacterial infections in insects. In the present study, injecting larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, with eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, sharply reduced the nodulation response to bacterial challenges. Separate treatments with specific inhibitors including dexamethasone (a phospholipase A_2 inhibitor), indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and phenidone (a dual cyclooxgenase/lipoxygenase inhibitor) also impaired the ability of European corn borers to form nodules in reaction to bacterial challenges. The inhibitory influence of phenidone was apparent within 30 mins after infection, and …

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The Effects Of Sewage Sludge Applications On The Yield,Growth, Nutrition And Heavy Metal Accumulation In Apple Trees Growing In Dry Conditions, Mehmet Ali̇ Bozkurt, Tarik Yarilgaç Jan 2003

The Effects Of Sewage Sludge Applications On The Yield,Growth, Nutrition And Heavy Metal Accumulation In Apple Trees Growing In Dry Conditions, Mehmet Ali̇ Bozkurt, Tarik Yarilgaç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of various sewage sludge (biosolid) rates and a single dose barnyard manure application on the fruit yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation of apple trees were investigated. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 replicates in dry conditions in Van, in the East Anatolia region of Turkey in 2000 and 2001. Sewage sludge was added to the soil at the rates of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg tree^{-1}. Barnyard manure was applied to the soil at a rate of 25 kg tree^{-1}. Two years' data showed that the addition of sewage …

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Risk Attitudes Of Farmers In Terms Of Risk Aversion: A Case Study Of Lower Seyhan Plain Farmers In Adana Province, Turkey, Turan Bi̇ni̇ci̇, A. Ali̇ Koç, Carl R. Zulauf, Ahmet Bayaner Jan 2003

Risk Attitudes Of Farmers In Terms Of Risk Aversion: A Case Study Of Lower Seyhan Plain Farmers In Adana Province, Turkey, Turan Bi̇ni̇ci̇, A. Ali̇ Koç, Carl R. Zulauf, Ahmet Bayaner

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Exploring the attitude of farmers toward risk is important in understanding their managerial decisions, especially given the exposure of farmers to risky events such as drought. However, a survey of the literature finds no study of the risk attitudes of farmers in Turkey. Therefore, this study examines the risk attitudes of farmers in the Lower Seyhan Plain of Turkey. While some variation by utility function exists in the classification of the sampled farmers into risk averse and risk preferring categories, the overwhelming evidence is that the sampled farmers are risk averse. One hundred eighty-two out of 200 estimated Arrow-Pratt risk …

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Planting Trees Properly Or ... The 10 Commandments Of Tree Planting Jan 2003

Planting Trees Properly Or ... The 10 Commandments Of Tree Planting

Nebraska Forest Service: Publications

Tree planting is an ancient art, but the methods have changed over time to reflect the latest and best arboricultural and forestry research. It is vitally important to remember where trees live in nature. In the natural forest there are no sidewalks, automatic sprinklers, streets, parking lots, tall buildings, or other man made objects.

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Nebraska Fuelwood Specifications Jan 2003

Nebraska Fuelwood Specifications

Nebraska Forest Service: Publications

(1) Moisture Contest (MC) = green weight - oven dry weight ÷ oven dry weight (2) Specific Gravity = oven dry weight ÷ weight of the same volume of water as the wood sample volume at designated MC (3) Based on 80 cu. ft. per cord of solid wood (4) Assumption: @ 0% M.C., Hardwoods = 8600 BTU/lb and Softwoods = 9300 BTU/lb. To calculate BTU/lb @ 20% MC = (.833 lbs. of wood) (BTU/lb at 0% MC) - (.167 lbs. H20) (1210 BTU for H20 vaporization). Therefore, Hardwoods = 6962 BTU/lb and Softwoods = 7545 BTU/lb. @ 20% MC.

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