Forest Sciences Commons^™

Environmental Comparison Of Soy To Petroleum Ink With Respect To Degradation Of Effluent Aerobically And Anaerobically, Monique Musgrave

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project compares a soy ink formulation to a petroleum ink formulation for their advantages and disadvantages. This was accomplished by evaluating the rejected samples from the flotation cell deinker. These samples were degraded aerobically and anaerobically to determine the rate at which degradation takes place and the ultimate degradation over a specific time interval. This was done by finding the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The data from these tests was put into a spreadsheet and data processing program to find the rate of degradation and ultimate degradation. From this, the two methods of degradation were compared along with the …

Project Report No. 42, High/Low Counties, Curtis Vanderschaaf, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

Which East Texas counties tend to have the highest and lowest values of certain pine plantation attributes?

Loblolly and Slash pine plantation attributes considered are:
• Ability of area to grow pine plantations •
• Percent of pines with crooked stems •
• Pecent of pines with stem fusiform rust •
• Visual quality •

Project Report No. 43, Site Index Equations For Loblolly And Slash Pine Plantations In East Texas, Update: 1996, Don Campbell, Steve Croft, Mark Dougharty, Doug Foster, John Hawkins, William Howard, Young Jin Lee, Jason Love, Derek Mckean, Kendall Watts, Kurtis White

Informal Project Reports

In this update, after combining the data from the two subplots comprising each ETPPRP plot, the number of age-height pairs available for this analysis is 1,520 loblolly and 658 slash. the It is anticipated that the equations in this :996 update may productivity of East Texas loblolly and slash pine plantations quantify in a more accurate and reliable manner than the four previous sets 0: equations.

Repulping Of Wet Strength Papers Using Chlorine Dioxide And Sodium Borohydride, David S. Barr

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Wet strength papers are papers that retain 15% of their dry strength. Wet strength agents form non-hydrogen bonds with the cellulose so that the bonds are not broken when saturated with water. When these agents are used repulping of the product becomes very difficult. Therefore, a chemical treatment is necessary to break the bonds and disperse the fibers. Generally speaking a high pH and high temperature are desired to assist in breaking the bonds.

Chlorine dioxide and sodium borohydride were analyzed to determine the best repulping chemical. Success will be measured by several factors. These factors are: least amount of …

The Use Of Demolition Wood In Papermaking, Todd W. Anderson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The reason for this study came from three factors affecting the paper industry as well as society as a whole. These factors are decreasing landfill space, increasing tipping fees, and increasing demands for alternative fiber sources. In the United States, approximately 9.8 million tons of demolition wood waste is landfilled per year. Increasing governmental regulations which require greater amounts of secondary fiber to be used in papermaking are forcing the industry to consider alternative fiber options. The seven steps in the procedure include: rough wood, wood chips, kraft pulping, fiber refining, screening, handsheets, and testing. The four types of wood …

The Effects Of Carboxymethyl Cellulose And Polyacrylate On Coating Rheological Properties, Tom Eugate Jr.

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to analyze and report rheological behaviors of a base coating formulation that will be altered by Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and polyacrylate and subjected to defects in the blade on a coating system.

The coating formulations consisted of Hydrasperse clay, Dow 620-A SBR binder, and water. The control formulations will be at 58% and 63% solids. CMC and polyacrylate will be added to the coating formulations at 0.5 and 1.5pph, and 0.1 and 0.4pph based on parts dry pigment. A total of formulations were ran on the Cylindrical Laboratory Coater (CLC). A defect was placed …

The Effect Of Various Pigments And Binders On Coated Gloss, Print Gloss, And Delta Gloss, Bob Demay

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this thesis is to determine the effects that various pigments and binders have on the coated gloss, print gloss, and delta gloss values. The effects of coat weight and calendering on the glossing response of the sheet will also be determined. Supplemental tests such as Parker Print Surf Roughness, brightness, and opacity will be measured to further evaluate the coating formulations.

A total eight different coating formulations were made using four very common pigments and two latex binders. The four pigments used were #2 clay (100%), calcined clay (15% substitution), delaminated clay (25% substitution), and calcium carbonate …

Press Dewatering Of Sludge With Applications Of An Electric Field, David Knudsen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In the paper industry today, there is a rising concern over the question of what to do with the paper mill sludge. Although in the past most of the sludge was sent to a landfill, this disposal method is becoming less and less acceptable due to increasing environmental concerns, decreasing landfill space and increasing costs.

Since sludge contains a large fraction of water, one of the alternatives is to increase the dewaterability of the sludge through the use of electrokinetic forces. Increased dewatering of the sludge would allow for more economical alternatives to sludge disposal, such as incineration, as well …

The Effects Of Washing Between Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Stages On Brightness Reversion Of A Spruce High-Yield Pulp, David Kaminski, Greg Semashko

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The final brightness of a bleached high-yield pulp paper product is a very important factor in determining the quality of the pulp and the product. If the brightness of this product tends to revert in time, then the quality of the product could be viewed lesser than before. Brightness reversion of high-yield pulps is the one flaw which is keeping the high-yield pulp market from really expanding in the paper industry.

High-yield pulps show economical and environmental advantages with their use in the high quality printing and copy papers market. Much research has been done to find ways to reduce …

The Effect Of Washing Between Stages On Brightness Reversion For Sodium Hydrosulfite On Unbleached High Yield Pulps, Greg Semashko

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of the project is to determine the effect of bleaching with washing between stages on high yield unbleached pulp. The bleaching chemical used for this experiment is sodium hydrosulfite. Sodium hydrosulfite is a lignin preserving bleaching agent, which is necessary due to the high yield pulp. The lignin concentration in high yield pulp is extremely high compared to the normal amount found in other papers. The experiment will be done using a two stage bleaching sequence. The control sequence will consist of a direct charge of sodium hydrosulfite and the other two sequences will be done with washing …

Thermo-Chemical Conversion Of Starches Using Ammonium Persulfate, Ronald M. Englehart

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of thermal-chemical conversion of corn starch for use in pigmented paper coatings.

Thermal-chemical conversion of starch is capable of creating a wide range of starch solids and characteristics at one location with on-site conversion. It involves the use of high temperatures and pressures, along with a conversion agent (i.e. ammonium persulfate [A.P.], or a peroxide), to hydrolyze and oxidize the unmodified starches.

In this study corn starch was converted using a National Starch Company C-1 Laboratory Jet Cooker. The study was done in three phases. Preliminary work was done to …

Thermomechanical Pulp Bleaching Optimization Via Dimethyldioxirane, Roger Allen Rouleau

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In recent years, the paper industry has received increased pressure from environmental groups to reduce both air-borne & water-borne discharges. During element-chlorine bleaching processes, absorbable organic halides are formed , some of which are considered harmful to aquatic life. To reduce absorbable organic halides, many mills are moving towards chlorine-free bleaching stages. A potential chlorine-free bleaching agent is dimethyldioxirane. Dimethyldioxirane is an intermediate produced in-situ from acetone and peroxymonosulfate. Due to the bond strain of the oxygen-oxygen bond in this cyclic peroxide, it behaves as a strong oxidizing agent.

The goal of this thesis was to determine the optimum levels …

Magnesium Oxide Use As A Pigment In Coating Formulations, Stephen O'Driscoll

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The objective of this project was to evaluate the performance of magnesium oxide as a possible pigment for use in paper coatings. The use of magnesium oxide as a pigment in coatings is not currently nor has it ever been practiced in a mill situation. The principle goal of using magnesium oxide was to increase brightness and opacity in coatings at the level of performance found with titanium dioxide at a far lower cost. The evaluation was done of the basis of rheological performance as well as optical testing. Coatings of various levels of magnesium oxide and titanium dioxide were …

Bod And Cod Loading Effects Of Repeatedly Recycled Paper Fibers, Ken Stager

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

BOD and COD are two very important and highly regulated aspects of the paper industry. The first is the biochemical oxygen demand, BOD, and it is simply the amount of oxygen that bacteria need to digest the nutrients in a wastestream. The second is the chemical oxygen demand, COD, and is the amount of oxygen required to fully oxidize all the material present in an effluent sample using hot concentrated chemicals.

One aspect of recycling that has not been discerned is the effect of repeatedly recycling paper fibers on the BOD and COD of the effluent. This is important because …

Investigating The Effect Of Multiple Recycling On The Enzymatic Improvement Of Recycled Fiber, Kraig Anthony Weber

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Through the application of enzymes, the freeness of recycled pulps can be improved; however, with the improvements in freeness, there may also be a loss of strength. As enzyme effectiveness depends on the fiber degradation and fines content of the pulp, it also. depends on the amount of recycling that the pulp has undergone.

To evaluate the relationships that exist between enzyme treatments and the number of recycles the fiber has undergone, a virgin CTMP was recycled three times. At each recycle enzymes were applied to the pulp. One leg of the experiment involved a repetitive enzyme treatment of the …

The Effect Of Fines On The Surface Characteristics Of Recycled Paper, Lawrence E. Fleck

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

With the steady increase in recycling comes an increasing need to understand the mechanisms involved with reused wood fibers. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the effects of fines on the surface characteristics of recycled paper, and to predict how an increase or decrease in fines loading might affect printing.

To meet these objectives, fines were removed from both virgin pulp and mill broke of similar composition. Each fines fraction was then reapplied to each long fraction at 0, 5, 10, and 15 percent loading by weight. British handsheets were made and evaluated for surface strength, absorbency, smoothness, …

The Use Of Dimethyldioxirane In Refiner Bleaching Of High-Yield Pulps, Michael J. Harmes

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In the attempt to find improved bleaching chemicals for the bleaching of high-yield pulps, dioxiranes may prove to be the solution. Unlike hydrogen peroxide, which has been introduced to a refiner environment in the past, dimethyldioxirane (DMD) does not require the use of sodium silicates. This is very beneficial due to the fact that silicates have a highly undesirable side effect of causing excessive refiner plate wear.

The experimentation was constructed to determine the exact feasibility of the use of dimethyldioxirane as a refiner bleaching agent. This was completed through the comparison of the pulp strength and brightness values of …

Feasibility Of Anionic Waxy Maze Starch As A Coating Cobinder, Peter D. Yake

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This project will demonstrate the potential of incorporating a 100% waxy maze, anionic starch into a paper coating. This has been done in the past using oxidized starches as a primary binder, and has been met with a great deal of success with respect to rheological improvements as well as improved runnability in coating operations. The primary drawback to the use of oxidized starches in coatings was the negative impact that they had when introduced to the wet end of the paper machine as broke. The anionic properties of the starch decreased retention of fines and fillers on the fourdrinier …

The Effect Of Manganese Peroxidase On Peroxide Bleaching Of High Yield Pulps, Cyril Vusani Simelane

Masters Theses

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of adding a pretreatment stage in conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching of high yield pulps. To achieve this, three main variables considered crucial in the effectiveness of manganese peroxidase on the oxidation of lignin substructures, were chosen to evaluate the effect of this enzyme on high yield pulps. The responses to evaluate this effect were brightness, brightness reversion, pulp viscosity, and yield. Other properties included opacity, scattering and absorption coefficients, and the Hunter Lab values.

The pulps were bleached using two sequences Q(MnP), and Q(MnP)QP, to assess the effect of …

The Effect Of Age And Recycling On Paper Quality, Zhuang Wu

Masters Theses

The effects of recycling paper that has undergone aging for different periods on paper and fiber properties like strength, weighted average fiber length, and water retention value were investigated in this study. Old Newspapers (ONP) with different periods of natural aging (between 1 to 10 months) were recycled repeatedly for up to six times. Another goal was the study of aging effects on paper properties using accelerated aging at high temperatures (105±2) °C. Four different aging times (24, 48, 72, and 144 hours) were employed.

The results showed that naturally aged ONP loses little in strength properties up to 7 …

The Effect Of Wet End Operations On Sizing Loss In Alkaline Papers, Suresh B. Cherukuri

Masters Theses

Changes in wet end of alkaline papermaking affect the size development as well as sizing loss. These changes include pH, alkalinity and type of filler used. Precipitated and ground varieties of carbonate fillers and the alkalinity associated with · them are believed to be the causes for the gradual sizing loss in alkaline papers due the accelerated hydrolysis reaction of sizing chemicals at higher alkalinity.

Precipitated and ground calcium carbonate fillers are used as fillers and compared to non carbonate filler such as kaolin clay for their response to size development and sizing loss at lower and higher alkalinity ranges …

Comparison Of Sapling Community Structure In Created And Natural Forested Wetlands In Southeastern Virginia, Sharon Ann Haines

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Forested wetlands are being destroyed at a rapid rate. Wetlands are valuable for flood control, aquifer recharge, and for their role in denitrification and storage of global carbon. When wetlands are lost, their functions and value to humans are lost as well. One response to the continued development of wetlands has been the artificial creation of new wetlands. This study compared the species density, relative density, coverage and frequency of occurrence of the woody vegetation in two southeastern Virginia created wetlands with that in two reference wetlands, also in southeastern Virginia, to determine the structural similarity of their respective communities. …

Meeting Minutes, March 29th, 1996, National Smokejumper Association Board Of Directors

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes Of The July 1995 Board Of Directors Meeting; Treasurer's Report; National Forest Service Museum (Nfsm), Museum Of Mountain Flying (Mmf), And The National Smokejumper Association (Nsa) Alliance; Site-located-west-of The -airport. ; A Detailed Site Plan Is Underway; Who Are The Customers Of The Nsa?; Nas Office Space For Hqs; Fund Raising; Nsa Membership Dues Increase ; Membership; Organization Growth/Needs And Considerations: ; Executive Director For The Nsa; Secretary /General Administrative Handiperson/Clerk ; The Monthly Stipend For Jack Demmons; Incentive For Travel And/Or Accommodations; By-laws Of The Nsa Were Reviewed; Review Of The Past Year's Activities; Quarterly Newsletter; Adopt …

Meeting Minutes, March 13th, 1996, National Smokejumper Association Executive Committee

National Smokejumper Association Meeting Minutes

Agenda: Minutes approved.; financial report; MSO master action records approx. ; Membership; Newsletter; sample colored pictures (newsletter) ; Committee report on Earl; Treasurer report; Bylaws; meeting on museum; MMF moving building to the area of F.S. Museum.; Fund raising Video; Dues invoices; Membership drive; Hall of Fame; sec/clerk/etc.; Reunion 2000; Internet; Pre-Board of Directors Meeting; Board Ballots; Fund Raising; Documents; Inventory; Next meeting; Cooley donate 200 books for us to distribute to the bases. ; Motion to adjourn;

Efficacy Of Herbicide Application Methods Used To Control Tanoak (Lithocarpus Densiflorus) In An Uneven-Aged Coast Redwood Management Context, Douglas D. Piirto, Brenda Smith, Eric K. Huff, Scott T. Robinson

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

Three methods of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus [Hook. & Arn.] Rehd.) control involving the application of the amine or ester form of triclopyr were evaluated in this coast redwood uneven-aged forest management study of herbicides. A cut-stump application with the amine form of triclopyr (Garlon 3A), frill cut with the amine form of triclopyr, basal-bark (outer surface) with the ester form of triclopyr (Garlon 4), and an untreated control were replicated three times. The tanoak control results in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) and/ or coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens [D. Don] Endl.) predominated stands obtained in earlier studies …

Cultural Values Lower Redwood Creek, Susie Van Kirk

Susie Van Kirk Papers

Levee construction on lower Redwood Creek from near its mouth to the mouth of Prairie Creek was completed by the Corps of Engineers in 1968, resulting in significant impairment of the estuary's hydrology and its biological functions. In an effort to reestablish those functions and more particularly the fisheries of the creek, Redwood National and State Parks is developing a plan for estuary management. The following general statement about cultural values in the project area and vicinity was prepared to expand the historical information in the draft plan.

Project Report No. 41, Perils Facing Etpprp Plots, 1982-1995, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

A total at 256 permanent growth and yield research plots were installed by the college of Forestry at Stephen P. Austin State University in pine plantations throughout Bast Texas during 1982-84. of the total number, 178 were installed in loblolly (Pinus t.ede L.), and 78 were placed in slash (P!nu. elliotti! Bngelm.) pine plantationa. The purpose of the plots is to provide data for the East Texas Pine Plantation Research Project (ETPPRP).

A Lighter Shade Of Green: Reproducing Nature In Central Florida, Kevin Archer

All Faculty Scholarship for the School of Graduate Studies and Research

No abstract provided.

Partnerships As A Potential Means Of Increasing The Production Of Hardwood Timber On Nipf Lands In North Mississippi, John J. Curry, Steven H. Bullard, G. Wayne Kelly

Faculty Publications

North Mississippi has significant hardwood timber resources. Hardwood timber in the region has traditionally been an important source of raw material for furniture and other wood-based industries. In recent years, however, demand has greatly increased for hardwood timber for use in the pulp and paper industry, resulting in increased harvest levels of pole-sized and small sawtimber-sized hardwoods in the region. Increased harvests of hardwood timber have given rise to concerns about the longerterm availability of hardwoods that are large enough in size to be efficiently converted into lumber and other solid wood products. Futures options, futures contracts, leases, and limited …

Total And Partial Stand-Level Yield Prediction For Loblolly And Slash Pine Plantations In East Texas, J. David Lenhart

Faculty Publications

Observations from East Texas Pine Plantation Research Project permanent plots in loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine plantations throughout East Texas were utilized to develop methods to estimate stand-level yield values. Predicted yields are volume in cubic feet and green weight in pounds. Predictor variables for total yield are plantation age, site index (base age 25 yr) and surviving trees per acre. Partial yield is derived using total yield and plantation quadratic mean diameter in conjunction with specified threshold dbh and upper stem dob values. Expected total yield per acre is converted to partial yield per …