Food Science Commons^™

The Inhibitory Effects Demonstrated By Manuka Honey On Biofilms: How Manuka Honey May Soon Replace Conventional Antibiotic Therapy, Laura Pavelik, Cundell, Phd

CSHLA Scholar Day

Introduction:

The surge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has raised substantial concerns over how to effectively and efficiently control antibiotic-resistant bacteria capable of secreting biofilms. A biofilm can be defined as a self-producing extracellular matrix (Carter, et, al., 2016). Manuka honey, an alternative to conventional antibiotics, has proven successful in inhibiting planktonic cells and killing bacteria living under the protection of biofilms (Brudzynski & Sjaarda, 2015)

The Age Of Enlightenment 時間的啟示, Rachel Read

AMBROSIA 客道 : The Magazine of The International Culinary Institute

Renowned for its intense flavour and exquisite tenderness, dry-aged beef has been more popular, or more lovingly prepared.

經過精細加工處理的乾式熟成牛肉，肉質嫩滑、味道濃郁，難怪近年大受歡迎。

Senses And Sensibilities 五感美食體驗, Juliana Loh

AMBROSIA 客道 : The Magazine of The International Culinary Institute

Good taste is just the start -- great dining can be a feast for all the senses.

享受美食首要是滿足味蕾，然而出色的餐飲，理應滿足五官的體驗。

Effect Of Red Cabbage Extract On Minced Nile Perch Fish Patties Vacuum Packaged In High And Low Oxygen Barrier Films, Ayse Demirbas, Yavuz Yagiz, Ziynet Boz, Bruce A. Welt, Eric Mclamore, Maurice Marshall, William Pelletier, Amarat Simonne

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in fish causes loss of product quality. Oxidative rancidity causes loss of nutritional value and undesirable color changes. Therefore, powerful antioxidant extracts may provide a relatively low cost and natural means to reduce oxidation, resulting in longer, higher quality and higher value shelf life of foods.

In this study, we measured synergistic effects of red cabbage antioxidant and vacuum packaging on lipid oxidation in fresh tilapia patties using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, peroxide value (PV), pH and color analysis.

Concentrated red cabbage extract was obtained …

Glucans And The Poultry Immune System, Jacquie Jacob, Anthony J. Pescatore

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

With the reduced availability of antibiotics, poultry producers are looking for feed additives to stimulate the immune system of their birds. Some beta-glucans have been shown to improve gut health in poultry subjected to a bacterial challenge, to increase the flow of new immunocytes into the various lymphoid organs, to increase macrophage function, to increase antibody titers after a vaccination and to function as an anti-inflammatory immunomodulator. As a result, beta-glucans may provide a tool for producers trying to reduce or eliminate the use of antibiotics in poultry diets.

Analysis Of The Anti-Cancer Effects Of Cincau Extract (Premna Oblongifolia Merr) And Other Types Of Non- Digestible Fibre Using Faecal Fermentation Supernatants And Caco-2 Cells As A Model Of The Human Colon, Samsu U. Nurdin, Richard K. Le Leu, Graeme P. Young, James Constantine R. Stangoulis, Claus T. Christophersen, Catherine A. Abbott

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Green cincau (Premna oblongifolia Merr) is an Indonesian food plant with a high dietary fibre content. Research has shown that dietary fibre mixtures may be more beneficial for colorectal cancer prevention than a single dietary fibre type. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green cincau extract on short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in anaerobic batch cultures inoculated with human faecal slurries and to compare these to results obtained using different dietary fibre types (pectin, inulin, and cellulose), singly and in combination. Furthermore, fermentation supernatants (FSs) were evaluated in Caco-2 cells for their effect on …

Dna Barcoding Analysis Of Seafood Accuracy In Washington, D.C. Restaurants, David Stern, Eduardo Castro Nallar, Jason Rathod, Keith A. Crandall

Computational Biology Institute

In Washington D.C., recent legislation authorizes citizens to test if products are properly represented and, if they are not, to bring a lawsuit for the benefit of the general public. Recent studies revealing the widespread phenomenon of seafood substitution across the United States make it a fertile area for consumer protection testing. DNA barcoding provides an accurate and cost-effective way to perform these tests, especially when tissue alone is available making species identification based on morphology impossible. In this study, we sequenced the 5′ barcoding region of the Cytochrome Oxidase I gene for 12 samples of vertebrate and invertebrate food …

Disappearance And Appearance Of An Indigestible Marker In Feces From Growing Pigs As Affected By Previous- And Current-Diet Composition, Brandy M. Jacobs, John F. Patience, Merlin D. Lindemann, Kenneth J. Stalder, Brian J. Kerr

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Indigestible markers are commonly utilized in digestion studies, but the complete disappearance or maximum appearance of a marker in feces can be affected by diet composition, feed intake, or an animal’s BW. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of previous (Phase 1, P1) and current- (Phase 2, P2) diet composition on marker disappearance (Cr) and appearance (Ti) in pigs fed 3 diets differing in NDF content.

Results: When pigs were maintained on the 25.1, 72.5, and 125.0 g/kg NDF diets, it took 5.1, 4.1, and 2.5 d, respectively, for Cr levels to decrease below the …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2017), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the 2016 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Annual Report.

[Page] 3 Opportunities With Oats SDSU Researchers Strive to Improve Varieties [Page] 6 Stopping Stem Canker Plant Pathologists Making Progress To Keep This Disease At Bay
[Page] 7 Disease Detectives Vet Scientists Researching Another Emerging Virus [Page] 8 Community Support Devastating West River Fire Brings Ag Industry Together
[Page] 10 Research In Progress Dakota Lakes Research Farm Investigates Three Big Ideas
[Page] 14 Water Quality Quest Understanding E. Coli Behavior Aims To Aid Water Quality In Rivers & Streams
[Page] 15 Verifying Ag Land Valuation Researchers Assist In …

Reactivity Of Ketyl And Acetyl Radicals From Direct Solar Actinic Photolysis Of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid, Alexis J. Eugene, Marcelo I. Guzman

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The variable composition of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) contributes to the large uncertainty for predicting radiative forcing. A better understanding of the reaction mechanisms leading to aerosol formation such as for the photochemical reaction of aqueous pyruvic acid (PA) at λ ≥ 305 nm can contribute to constrain these uncertainties. Herein, the photochemistry of aqueous PA (5-300 mM) continuously sparged with air is re-examined in the laboratory under comparable irradiance at 38° N at noon on a summer day. Several analytical methods are employed to monitor the time series of the reaction, including (1) the derivatization of carbonyl (C═O) functional …

Exogenous Lactobacilli Mitigate Microbial Changes Associated With Grain Fermentation (Corn, Oats, And Wheat) By Equine Fecal Microflora Ex Vivo, Brittany E. Harlow, Laurie M. Lawrence, Patricia A. Harris, Glen E. Aiken, Michael D. Flythe

Animal and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Cereal grains are often included in equine diets. When starch intake exceeds foregut digestion starch will reach the hindgut, impacting microbial ecology. Probiotics (e.g., lactobacilli) are reported to mitigate GI dysbioses in other species. This study was conducted to determine the effect of exogenous lactobacilli on pH and the growth of amylolytic and lactate-utilizing bacteria. Feces were collected from 3 mature geldings fed grass hay with access to pasture. Fecal microbes were harvested by differential centrifugation, washed, and re-suspended in anaerobic media containing ground corn, wheat, or oats at 1.6% (w/v) starch and one of five …

Study On Catalytic Behaviors Of Rhizopus Chinensis Lipase Under Synergic Action Of High Pressure And Temperature, Chen Gang, Miao Ming, Jiang Bo, Feng Biao

Food and Machinery

The effects of pressure and temperature on the activity and the stability of Rhizopus chinensis lipase during high hydrostatic pressure treatment were studied. Based on the two-state model, the thermal denaturation of the enzyme was investigated and the isokineticity diagram was obtained. Within 0.1～200.0 MPa the enzyme activity increased with the pressure and the maximum activity was achieved at 200 MPa, which was 116% of that at atmospheric pressure. The activity began to decrease at pressure above 200 MPa and this tendency accelerated upon the pressure superior to 400 MPa. The high pressure treatment did not modify the optimal temperature …

Preparation Of Carbon Nanotube Composite Functionalized By Cinnamaldehyde/Chitosan And Application For Lipase Immobilization, Liu Wei, Jia Chengsheng, Zhang Xiaoming, Xia Shuqin

Food and Machinery

Using chitosan modified by cinnamaldehyde to decorate carbon nanotubes, a novel cinnamaldehyde/ chitosan/ carbon nanotubes composites were synthesized. The modified composites and its corresponding intermediates were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, high-resolution SEM and TGA. Taking porcine pancreatic lipase as a model, explored the properties of cinnamaldehyde/ chitosan/ carbon nanotubes composite materials. The results indicated that when the conditions were: molar ratio of cinnamaldehyde to chitosan of 41, pH =7.0 and the enzyme concentration of 5 mg/mL, and the maximum load of 248 mg/g and the enzyme activity of 8 064 U/g were obtained. The enzyme activity was still above 69% …

Research Of Bound Aromas Based On Acid Hydrolysis In Glutinous And Non-Glutinous Sorghums, Lu Jiahui, Fan Wenlai, Xu Yan

Food and Machinery

In order to explore the effect of glutinous and non-glutinous sorghums on Chinese liquor’s quality, the SPE column was used for adsorbing bound precursors, and then, which were hydrolyzed by acid to release volatile compounds. The HS-SPME coupled with GC-MS was employed to identify and quantify sorghums’ bound aroma compounds. 21 kinds of aroma compounds were detected in two sorghums, including 5 alcohols, 7 aldehydes and ketones, 5 aromatic compounds, 3 terpenoids and 1 furan. Among these, 3 volatiles were identified tentatively. The total content of glutinous and non-glutinous sorghums’ bound aromas was 7 192 μg/kg and 6 922 μg/kg. …

Selection And Diversity Of Pesticide-Degrading Bacteria Isolated From Zaopei Of Luzhou-Flavor Liquor, Feng Ruizhang, Zhou Wanhai, You Ling, Wei Qing, Shu Yuan

Food and Machinery

The pesticide-degrading bacteria was isolated and selected from Zaopei of Luzhou-flavor Liquor by the enrichment culture and plate separation technology, then the phylogenetic analysis of these strains were carried out by 16S rRNA gene sequence. The results showed that 52 strains were isolated from Zaopei of Luzhou-flavor Liquor, and 25 strains had degradative capability for Propiconazol, and 10, 17 had degradative capability for, Atrazine, 2,4-D butyl ester respectively. 51 strains belonged to 22 species of 6 genera (Bacillus, Lysinibacillus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Brevibacillus, Stenotrophomonas), and 1 isolate was presumed to be variety of Bacillus thuringiensis (with 97.3% sequence similarity). Bacillus was …

Screening And Identification Of Lactobacillin-Producing Strain In Traditional Yak Yogurt, Zhang Meimei, Suo Huayi, Zhao Xin, Qian Yu, Li Jian, Ding Yangping, Zhang Yu

Food and Machinery

The 26 strains isolated from traditional fermented yak milk in Yangbajin-Tibet and Yunnan-Shangrila area. In this study, the inhibitory spectrum of the selected strain was determined by Oxford cup double agar diffusion method Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Yeast was taken as the indicator, to screen out lactic acid bacteria with high antibacterial activity from various stains. At the same time, according to the exclusion of organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and proteolysis detection, speculated that the inhibitory effect of lactic acid bacteria may come from lactobacillin. The results showed that 3, 21, 23, 24, 25 strains have higher …

Solubility And Structural Changes Of Corn Starch In Dmso / Water System, Wang Rui, Tian Yaoqi, Xie Zhengjun

Food and Machinery

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the key reagent to dissolve starch in the starch structural analysis. In this paper, solubility and structural changes of corn starch in DMSO/water system were studied. Corn starch achieved maximum solubility of 97.15% in 90% DMSO solution when the dissolution time reaches 12 h. With the excessive dissolution, no significant change in solubility was detected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that starch granules structure were the largest damaged in 90% DMSO, which confirmed that 90% DMSO was the best solvent for starch. High performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) found …

Optimization On Cultivation Conditions For Antimicrobial Substance Production By Paenibacillus Bovis Sp.Nov. Bd3526, Hua Bangqing, Zhang Qiuxiang, Liu Zhenmin, Wu Zhengjun

Food and Machinery

In order to increase the production of the antimicrobial substances by P.bovis BD3526 in wheat bran broth，the effect of individual fermentation parameter including cultivation temperature, period, inoculum ratio, age of the inoculum and concentration of wheat bran on the inhibitory intensity of the fermented wheat bran broth was determined, employing Micrococcus luteus as the indicator. Based on the results of single factor tests, four variables i.e. cultivation temperature, cultivation period, inoculum ratio and concentration of wheat bran were employed to further optimize the fermentation conditions for antimicrobial components production by the strain BD3526 by response surface methodology. The optimal cultivation …

Characterization Of Carboxymethyl Modified Cellulose Nanocrystal From Sweet Potato Residue, Ma Xiaohan, Liu Xiong, Guo Ting, Zhao Dan, Tian Junqing, Zhao Tiantian

Food and Machinery

With sweet potato residue as raw material, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were achieved through ultrasonic-assisted acid method. Carboxymethyl cellulose nanocrystals (N-CMCs) were produced by carboxymethylation of CNCs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the N-CMCs were still typical spherical nano particles and slightly larger with a uniform diameter ranging from 30 nm to 50 nm. They were more loosely packed than the CNCs and had a porous surface structure. The crystallinity index of the N-CMCs (52.83%) was lower than that of CNCs (73.27%), whereas the thermal stability of the former was higher. N-CMCs could be used as an excellent food additive, …

Research On The Detection Model Of Sugar Content In Different Position Of Citrus Based On The Hyperspectral Technology, Jie Dengfei, Yang Jie, Peng Yaxi, Lian Yuxiang, Zhang Deng

Food and Machinery

Hyperspectral techniques were used to study the sugar content of different parts of citrus, and the sugar content detection models with hyperspectral information of calyx, stem and equator part were established respectively. The results showed that the model established by calyx was better than that of stem and equator. The detection models of partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component regression (PCR), and stepwise multivariate linear regression (SMLR) were established respectively, and the results of these three models were close. The PLSR model was found to the best among them, after Norris derivative pretreatment methods were applied, the prediction correlation …

Determination Of Organic Selenium In Food By Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Gong Liang, Xiong Jun, Yu Yigang

Food and Machinery

A method was established to direct determination of organic selenium in food. The organic selenium was extracted by adding cyclohexane in aqueous solution with pH value of 7.0, and the content of organic selenium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after microwave digestion. In the best test conditions, the limit of detection and quantification were 0.45 μg/kg and 1.5 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries ranged from 93.5% to 103.0%. The method has many advantages such as simple operation, high precision, wide linear range and so on, and can be used for accurate determination of selenium in food. So it …

Research On Adsorption Capacity Of Organically Modified Na-Montmotillonite For Aflatoxin B1, Sun Siyuan, Diao Enjie, Li Xiangyang, Chu Xuan, Wang Jiasheng, Dong Haizhou

Food and Machinery

Na-montmotillonite (Na-MMT) was organically modified using Octadecy Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (OTMAB) as a modifier to improve its adsorption capacity of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). The modified Na-MMT is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the OTMAB was intercalated into the Na-MMT, expanded its interlayer spacing (d_0.01), and increased its specific surface area. The adsorption isotherm of AFB₁ on the modified Na-MMT is followed the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) and the Langmuir adsorption coefficient (k) …

Study On Electromagnetic Shielding Of Temperature Sensor Which Measures The Temperature Of Powder Food In High Frequency Electrothermal Sterilization Equipment, Tao Yi, Cai Jianrong, Zhang Shiqing, Sun Li, Li Xin

Food and Machinery

One kind of heat treatment machine for powder material was designed to use the metal screw impellor inside the sterilization chamber as the heating component connected to high frequency electricity. As strong magnetic field was generated during the process, the accuracy of temperature at critical control point (CCP) of the material measured by platinum resistor would be influenced, and this entailed the electromagnetic shielding (EM shielding). Based on both theoretical analysis and virtual simulation, our research was intended to design the shielding device. The relationships between the shielding effectiveness and the relative permeability, relative conductivity and thickness of different materials …

Numerical Simulation Of Agitating Valve And Structureoptimization Based On Fluent, Zhan Minmin, Yu Jinghu, Dai Xin

Food and Machinery

The method of computational fluid dynamics with RNG κ-ε turbulence model and Eulerian multiphase flow model was used to the simulation of solid-liquid two-phase feed mixer. Distribution of fluid field and volume fraction of solid-phase were analyzed in the stirred tank of horizontal mixer under the effect of agitator blade with different installing space of mixing blades and various lengths of mixing arms. Based on the results, the appropriate structure parameters could be selected and the simulation also provides theoretical basis for the optimizing design.

Study Of Mixing Effect Of Solid Powder In Horizontal Plant-Size Twin-Shaft Paddle Mixer, Huang Zhaoxia, Wu Xiaochun, Chen Qiaohong

Food and Machinery

The contrast mixing experiments of easy-clean, plant-scale twin-shaft paddle mixer and V-type mixer with one over ten thousand of the tracer were carried out. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of horizontal twin-shaft paddle mixer was under 3% after 180 s mixing, while that of V-type mixer was under 4% after 20～25 min mixing. However, the different characteristics of materials should be considered in the design of this equipment.

Development Of An Electromagnetic Double Row Of Chain Equipment For Recycling And Cleaning Of Plates, Yu Jianwu, Wen Cheng, Hu Qifeng, Shen Xiang, Li Xin

Food and Machinery

In order to solve low collection efficiency and low automation existing in present plates collection equipments, an electromagnetic double row of chain equipment for recycling and cleaning of plates is proposed. Diners place plates on the electromagnetic adsorption module, then plates with different models and materials is cleaned up and collected through automatic adsorbing, cleaning, stacking, and calculating stages. The equipment has good practicability and economy which design with compact structure and simple operation. The maximum speed of equipment is 240 pieces /min, the speed and pressure can be adjusted according to actual need. Equipments do not contact ort during …

Design Of Control System For Vertical Bagpacking Machine Based On Motion Controller, Du Jian, Feng Yu, Zhu Xuejian, Ma Yong

Food and Machinery

The shape irregularity and size diversity of the vertical bags made it difficult to fill them. A stable performance of automatic vertical packaging was explored in order to solve the problems of its poor stability, based on the research of the motion controller as well as adopting the Delta2 robot structure, and this might provide a set of control solutions for the vertical packaging.

Research On The Compression Molding Technology Of The Pu Vacuum Sucker For The Automatic Line Of Packing Food, Duan Xianyong, Han Zhongguan, Niu Li, Zheng Guibin

Food and Machinery

A PU vacuum sucker manufacturing process for the automatic production line of packing food was introduced in this study, and its difficulty in manufacturing process was also analyzed. Therefore, and develops a porous sheet soft colloidal pressure molding solution was developed. The UG software was used to build a model on the base and a small core of concave cavity, and then it was equipped with a high precision CNC engraving and milling machine. It adopted a hierarchical and subregional milling methods of the cavity milling, depth contour machining, and specifying the cutting region to ensure the position accuracy of …

Study On The Difference Of Characteristic Biogenic Amines In Grass And Silver Carp Fillets During Cold Storage, Wang Xiu, Li Zongquan, Liu Yongle, Wang Jianhui, Chen Qi, Li Xianghong, Wang Faxiang, Yu Jian

Food and Machinery

In order to investigate the change of biogenic amines, and the correlation between quality indices and characteristics of biogenic amines, the change of pH, TVB-N, TVC, sensory evaluation and biogenic amines of grass carp and silver carp fillets during cold storage at 4 ℃ were detected. The results showed that TVB-N and TVC increased with the cold storage time; phenethylamine, putrescine, tyramine and the total biogenic amines of grass carp and silver carp fillets changed obviously. All kinds of biogenic amines of grass carp and silver carp fillets significantly changed at the 10^th and 8^th day. Significant differences …

Preparation And Antimicrobial Activity Of Oregano Essential Oil And Resveratrol Emulsion, Li Qunying, Liao Hongmei, Fang Zheng, Liang Li

Food and Machinery

Emulsions were prepared with sodium caseinate as emulsifier, inulin and gum Arabic as stabilizer, oregano essential oil as oil phase embedding resveratrol, to avoid the shortage of strong aromatic odor of oregano essential oil, low solubility of resveratrol and poor stability of them. Antimicrobial activities of oregano essential oil (OEO), resveratrol, OEO-resveratrol and their emulsions against Salmonella typhimurium as well as antimicrobial effects during storage at 4 ℃ and 25 ℃ were investigated. Application in fresh cut cabbages was also preliminarily studied. The results showed that OEO and resveratrol had a synergistic inhibition effect on S. typhimurium, and 2.0% inulin …