Entomology Commons^™

Revision Of The Nearctic Glyphicnemis Foerster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Gelinae), John Luhman

Insecta Mundi

GLYPHICNEMIS Foerster is a small Holarctic genus in the subtribe Endaseina of the Gelini. Nearctic species were placed in PHYGADEUON Gravenhorst until Townes (1944) placed them in the subgenus GLYPHICNEMIS within ENDASYS Foerster . However, earlier Cushman (1925) had transferred PHYGADEUON CRASSIPES Provancher, a junior synonym of G. MANDIBULARIS (Cresson), to GLYPHICNEMIS, and the Palearctic species, at first placed in PHYGADEUON, were included by Habermehl (1916) i n GLYPHICNEMIS, reduced t o a subgenus within STYLOCRYPTUS Thomson (1873). This status was continued until Townes (1970) listed and described GLYPHICNEMIS as a seperate genus.

Contribucion Al Conocimiento De Los Pepsinae Sudamericanos (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) Iii. El Genero Priocnemis Schiødte En Chile, Arturo Roig Alsina

Insecta Mundi

El género Priocnemis SchiØdte no se puede considerar como caracteristico de la Región Neotropical y son pocas las especies descritas que se conocen de ella. Sin embargo en el área extra-tropical sudamericana se halla bastante bien representado por un grupo de especies que presenta características particulares, como veremos más adelante. Son varias las especies presentes en la Argentina, Uruguay y Chile, pero por el momento vamos a referirnosala fauna de este último país. Debemos aclarar que no consideramos aquí las especies correspondientes a Sphictostethus Kohl, que han sido tratadas como Priocnemis por algunos autores, ya que constituye un género bien …

Praestochrysis Of The Ethiopian Region With A Key And Descriptions Of New Species(Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), R. M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

Praestochrysis Linsenmaier contains those species of Chrysidinae with five teeth on the posterior margin of tergum III, first flagellomere (F-I) less than 3 times as long as broad (often much shorter), and clypeal length below antennal sockets (subantennal distance) not more than diameter of the midocellus (MOD). The genus is widespread in the Old World, but a majority of the known species are in the Ethiopian Region. Host records are rather few, but it is likely that nearly all species attack moth larvae and emerge from their cocoons. Praestochrysis shanghaiensis (F. Smith) is a well known parasitoid of the silk …

Lithoserix Williamsi (Siricidae: Hymenoptera) A Newly Recognized Fossil Horntail From Florissant, Colorado, F. Martin Brown

Insecta Mundi

A recently found fossil from the old Scudder pit (?) appears to be a large female horntail. It shows the ventral aspect. Compared with modern Siricidae, the length of its ovipositor in relation to the body proper suggests modern Xeris spectrum. Unfortunately the venation is incompletely preserved on both wings. In addition to this the forewings and hindwings overlap to some extent on each side. What venation is decipherable is seen in the two sketches. It does not seem to agree with any of the modern genera examined but approaches that of Sirex more closely than any other. Both …

The Systematics And Biology Of The Flea Beetle Genus Crepidodera Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) In America North Of Mexico, Richard H. Parry

Insecta Mundi

Crepidodera Chevrolat is a genus of small metallic-colored flea beetles belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. Although these insects are quite common in the field and numerous in museum collections, the members of the genus in North America are, until now, poorly known. Heikertinger (1948-1950) recognized 4 taxa and recently, Lazorko (1974) described 3 additional species. These 7 species were recognized primarily on the basis of genital differences and were otherwise difficult to identify.

Examination of a large accumulation of museum material and investigations in the field have indicated the presence of several additional species in the North American fauna. A …

Taxonomy Of The Adults Of The Genus Strauzia Robineau-Desvoidy(Diptera, Tephritidae), G. C. Steyskal

Insecta Mundi

The recently increased importance of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus Linnaeus) as a crop has brought with it an increased interest in the sunflower maggot, a long-recognized common name for Strauzia longipennis (Wiedemann). The larva of this species bores downward in the stem and feeds upon the pith of sunflowers. Until recently the genus Strauzia was considered to include only the type-species S. longipennis, with 7 varieties (Foote, 1965). It is now known that some of these varieties should be classed as distinct species, differing morphologically and biologically.

Description Of The Larvae Of Two Species Of Hemipeplus Latreille (Coleoptera:Mycteridae), M. C. Thomas, R. E. Woodruff

Insecta Mundi

The key description and illustrations of mouthparts, ocelli, and terminal abdominal segments by Bovinq & Craighead (1931) have been the only information on the larval stages of the genus Hemipeplus Latreille, except for the observation by van Emden (1942) that individuals of the genus would not key properly in Boving & Craighead's key. Their example was of an undescribed species from Cuba. The semidiagrammatic illustrations make it difficult to identify the species illustrated, although it may be H. marginipennis (LeConte).

This paper is based on larvae collected by the authors, in each case associated with adults.

From the family diagnosis …

Insects And Pathogens Associated With Rice Grain Discoloration And Their Relationship In The Philippines, S. C. Lee, M. E. Alvenda, J. M. Bonman, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Species of pathogens and insects associated with grain discoloration in the Philippines were identified. Leptocorisa oratorius was the most dominant insect species causing discoloration. Pathogenicity tests of fungal organisms isolated from discolored grains showed that Drechslera oryzae, Curvularia lunata, Trichoconiella padwickii, Sarocladium oryzae, Alternaria tenuis, and Fusarium solani were the common pathogens responsible for "dirty panicle" disease of rice. Discoloration incidence was higher on treatment when both pests were present than when they occurred singly. The discoloration severity was attributed to the pathogens whereas rice bug caused a high decrease in grain weight and unfilled grains. Rice bug feeding on …

Resistance Of Wild Rices, Oryza Spp., To The Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata Lugensi (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Wu Jung-Tsung, E. A. Heinrichs, F. G. Medrano

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Of 36 wild rices screened, 19 accessions were resistant or moderately resistant to three biotypes of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), and 9 were resistant or moderately resistant to at least one biotype. Resistant accessions were nonpreferred and N. lugens caged on resistant accessions had low food ingestion rates, slow nymphal development, reduced longevity, low fecundity, and consequently low populations. Two wild rice species decreased the percent hatchability of N. lugens eggs. Some moderately resistant accessions have tolerance to N. lugens, as indicated by low plant damage ratings and plant loss and high percentage N. lugens survival and …

Integration Of Host Plant Resistance And Insecticides In The Control Of Nephotettix Virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), A Vector Of Rice Tungro Virus, E. A. Heinrichs, H. R. Rapusas, G. B. Aquino, F. Palis

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Combined effects of levels of vector resistance and insecticide application in control of rice tungro virus (RTV) were determined in three field tests. Cultivar “IR28,” with high levels of resistance to the vector, Nephotettix virescens (Distant), had low RTV infection in all treatments including the untreated check. In moderately resistant “IR36,” RTV decreased with an increase in level of insecticide but did not decrease to a level equaling the untreated “IR28.” The N. virescens-susceptible cultivar “IR22” had extremely high levels of RTV infection at all insecticide levels. Economic analysis indicated that gross profit and net gain were highest in …

Egg Parasitism Of Scirpophaga Incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) By Hymenopterous Parasitoids In Irri Rice Fields, H. S. Kim, E. A. Heinrichs, P. Mylvaganam

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We surveyed the IRRI farm to determine the extent of parasitization of yellow stemborer egg masses. The egg masses were randomly collected at weekly intervals from July to October 1984 from rice fields, 15-20 days after transplanting, and brought to the laboratory for collection of emerging parasites. Three species of hymenopterous parasitoids—Tetrasticus schoenobii, Telenomus rowani, and Trichogramma japonicum—were found from 700 egg masses.

We introduced a method to calculate percent parasitism as based on parasite biology and behaviour. Among the three species, the combination of T. rowani and T. japonicum was the highest multiparasitization of yellow stem borer egg …

Two New Species Of Dyscinetus From The West Indies And South America (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Dyscinetus imitator is described as new from Grand Cayman Island, West Indies, and D. ornaticaudus is described as new from Colombia.

An Evaluation Of The Straw Itch Mite, Pyemotes Tritici, For Control Of The Red Imported Fire Ant, D. P. Jouvenaz, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The straw itch mite, Pyemotes tritici (LaGreze-Fossat and Montagne) was proposed by Bruce and LeCato (1980) as a potential biological control agent for the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren.

A Naturally Occuring Teratology In The Red Imported Fire Ant, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Two aberrant forms of the red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren have been reported in the literature. The first was a gyandromorph (an individual having both male and female characteristics) found by Hung (1975) and the second, an intercaste (an individual with characteristics intermediate between a worker and a female alate) by Glancey et al. (1980). We now report the finding of a new morphological form which was apparently caused by environmental factors.

Illustrated Guide To Integrated Pest Management In Rice In Tropical Asia, W. H. Reissig, Elvis A. Heinrichs, J. A. Litsinger, K. Moody, L. Fieldler, T. W. Mew, A. T. Barrion

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In the past, farmers in tropical Asia grew traditional rice cultivars and either relied primarily on cultural, mechanical, and physical methods of pest control or practiced no pest control. Pesticide application was limited because the yield potential of traditional varieties was too low to justify additional investments. Although pests destroyed part of each crop, severe outbreaks or epidemics were rare.

The widespread introduction of high-yielding rice cultivars in Asia in the last two decades and the associated changes in production practices have improved conditions for insects, diseases, weeds, and rodents. The higher yield potential of the new rices also made …

Genetics Of The Screwworm Fly, David B. Taylor, Estela Martinez Cuevas

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Three spontaneous eye mutants of Cochliomyia hominivorax, the screwworm fly, are described and characterized. The mutants, yellow eye (ye), orange eye (or), and white eye (wh), segregate independently and are recessive. Yellow eye is recessively epistatlc to orange eye and dominantly epistatic to white eye. All three mutants have complete penetrance, are autosomal, and have little effect on fly viabillty under laboratory conditions.

Comparison Of Vacuum And Carbon Dioxide-Cone Sampling Devices For Arthropods In Flooded Rice, Merle Shepard, G. Aquino, E. R. Ferrer, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Leafhoppers (Nepholett.ix spp.), whitebacked planthoppers, [Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)]. brown planthoppers [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)], ripple bugs (Micrvuelia atrolineala Bergoth), a predatory myrid (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter) and spiders were sampled from flooded rice using a vacuum sampling device (FARMCOP) and a cone sampler (C0₂NE). The vacuum sampler was a modified automobile vacuum cleaner powered by batteries and the cone sampler required carbon dioxide gas and aluminum cones. The FARMCOP sampler yielded significantly higher mean numbers of most arthropods except spiders. However, the coefficients of variation for the two techniques were approximately equal and the C0 …

Use Of Double Sample Plans In Insect Sampling With Reference To The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Jan P. Nyrop, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

When used in a pest control decision-making context, protocols for obtaining sample information on insect numbers can be evaluated via three properties: the operating characteristic (OC), the average sample number (ASN), and the availability of methods for calculating the OC and ASN. On the average, sequential sample plans have lower ASN's, and OC's are comparable to fixed sample-size procedures. The two most commonly used sequential procedures for insect sampling are Wald's probability ratio test and a test proposed by Iwao. Each of these methods has limitations. An alternative to sequential procedures is double sampling. Double sample plans developed for the …

Relationship Between Planthoppers (Nilaparvata Lugens And Sogatella Furcifera) And Rice Diseases, S. C. Lee, D. M. Matias, T. W. Mew, J. S. Sorino, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The locational preference of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens

(Still) and the whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) was studied on rice cultivars IR22 and IR36 as an integral part of subsequent research on insect-fungal pathogen relationships. The BPH was observed to stay consistently on the basal portion while the WBPH showed a general preference for the upper portion regardless of varieties, rice growth stages and insect population density levels. The habitat preference of both species (BPH and WBPH) was found not to be affected by the presence of the other species when both species are present on …

Variation In Population Sex Ratio And Mating Success Of Asexual Lineages Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Populations of Alsophila pometaria (Harris) are largely gynogenetic and composed of asexual females that must mate with a conspecific male to reproduce. Within this asexual contingent, there are a variety of electrophoretically defined multilocus genotypes. In this study we found that populations differ in sex ratio. We also found that there is an indication of differential mating success among asexual genotypes in a population of A. pometaria.

Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Expression Of Resistance In Solanum Berthaultii And Interspecific Potato Hybrids, Robert J. Wright, Michael B. Dimock, Ward M. Tingey, Robert L. Plaisted

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A wild potato species, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, and its interspecific hybrids with the commercial potato, S. tuberosum L., were evaluated for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in field and laboratory studies in New York. Field-collected summer adults produced nearly 3-fold more eggs on S. tuberosum cv. Katahdin than on S. berthaultii over a 7-day period. Egg masses laid on 'Katahdin' were 61% larger than those laid on S. berthaultii. In field cage plots of S. berthaultii, CPB larval development was retarded and very few larvae survived to adulthood. Densities of overwintered CPB adults …

Survivorship And Growth Of Sexually And Asexually Derived Larvae Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A substantial body of theory is devoted to understanding the relative advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction. It is generally understood that asexual forms potentially have a higher rate of reproduction because they save the cost of producing males. The micro-evolutionary consequences of sexual and asexual reproduction are less clear. Sexual reproduction generates abundant genotypic diversity which may be adaptively advantageous (Williams 1975; Maynard Smith 1978). Asexual reproduction may perpetuate combinations of genes that are co-adapted (Templeton 1979), heterotic (Suomalainen et al. 1976; White 1979), or specialized (Vrijenhoek 1979, 1984). Thus, it is possible that the fitness of a sexual …

Male Effects On Fecundity In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ary A. Hoffman, Lawrence G. Harshman

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Effects of male Drosophila melanogaster on female fecundity and productivity were examined, considering both females held in containers with males and females exposed to male effects not involving contact. Females were more fecund when male effects were present, and the largest increase was recorded when vials were previously conditioned by males. This effect was probably due to the growth of transmitted microorganisms, which were observed on the laying surface, as further experiments with vials conditioned by virgin females showed a similar increase in fecundity. A male-specific effect was isolated by conditioning bottles containing only agar with males and virgin females. …

The Chrysis Gibba Species Group In The New World (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae), R. M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

The gibba group of Chrysis occurs in many parts of the world. It is characterized in part by a lengthened clypeus. Other features are the usually long malar space, micro-ridging on the scapal basin, a frontal carina (when developed) with a broad M-shape and partial posterior rami (broadly biconvex in one species), tergum II apicolaterally obtuse, and tergum III with 4 teeth or lobes. American forms in the male, and to lesser extent the female, have long whitish hair beneath the head and on the opposing surface of the forecoxae. Other legs are also quite hairy, especially in males. Sternum …

A Monograph Of The Genus Pheidole In Florida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Marcio A. Naves

Insecta Mundi

The genus Pheidole is one of the more important ant genera in the world Approximately 1000 species are now known. Over 400 of these are found in the Neotropical region (Kempf, 1972), and about 75 taxa are known from North America north of Mexico. Pheidole spp. are abundant in many areas, and live in varying habitats ranging from the humid tropics to deserts. They are able to survive in some areas by their habits of collecting and storing seeds as food resources. They are also scavengers of dead insects and other animals, and can be predacious. Some species tends aphids …

Four Undescribed Oligocene Craneflies From Florissant, Colorado, (Diptera:Tipulidae), F. Martin Brown

Insecta Mundi

The following described craneflies were discovered during ongoing research at the Museum of the University of Colorado in preparation of parts of the Colorado Natural History Inventory.

These Oligocene shale specimens are somewhat difficult to study. This is especially true of Limoniinae with lightly sclerotized veins. With proper illumination and a good binocular microscope, the veins often appear as glittering lines on the shale. The veins often are better seen when the specimen is placed so the veins are illuminated from one end. Sometimes the shale is so rough that this lighting does not improve their visibility.

The help of …

Classification, Paleoecology, And Biostratigraphy Of Crinoids From The Stull Shale (Late Pennsylvanian) Of Nebraska, Kansas, And Iowa, Roger K. Pabian, Harrell L. Strimple

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum (1924–2023)

Thirteen species of crinoids representing the families Diphuicrinidae, catacrinidae, Pirasocrinidae, Erisocrinidae, Cromyocrinidae, Cymbiocrinidae, Scytalocrinidae, and Ampelocrinidae have been collected from the Stull Shale Member of the Kanwaka Formation in the Shawnee Group of the Virgil Series (Upper Pennsylvanian) from near Weeping Water and Plattsmouth, Nebraska, and near Pacific Junction, Iowa. Exposures of the Stull Shale near Melvern, Kansas, have yielded 14 species of crinoids representing the families Diphuicrinidae, Catacrinidae, Pirasocrinidae, Lophocrinidae Allagecrinidae, Cymbiocrinidae, Erisocrinidae, Apographiocrinidae, and Stellarocrinidae. All but two of the species present in the Stull Shale have been previously reported from other stratigraphic horizons, including the Vinland Shale …

The Origin And Distribution Of Clonal Diversity In Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

A survey of spatial and temporal variation in the frequency of electrophoretically defined genotypes in the geometrid moth Alsophila pometaria revealed a high diversity of uncommon or rare asexual genotypes and clinal distributions of two of the more common clones. There was substantial year-to-year variation in genotype frequencies in seven of eleven sites. Progeny tests have revealed that sexual reproduction is uncommon in two populations and that new asexual genotypes arise from the sexual population. The recurrent origin of asexual genotypes is likely to account for the high genetic and ecological diversity of the asexual contingent of this species’ populations, …

A New Subspecies Of Inca Clathrata (Olivier) From Trinidad, West Indies, And Range Extensions For Inca Clathrata Sommeri Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Trichiinae), Julius Boos, Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Inca clathrata quesneli is described as a new subspecies from Trinidad, West Indies. New distribution records are given for Inca clathrata sommeri Westwood that extend its range northward in Mexico by approximately 200 km and southward into Colombia and Ecuador in South America west of the Andes. A brief analysis of the historical biogeography of Inca clathrata (Olivier) suggests vicariance (Andean uplift) to explain the separation of the clathrata/sommeri subspecies lineage, and dispersal to explain the separation and isolation of the quesneli lineage on Trinidad and occurrence of sommeri in Mesoamerica.

Evaluation Of Rice Cultivars For Resistance To Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), E. A. Heinrichs, E. Camanag, A. Romena

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Greenhouse screening of 17,914 accessions of rice, Oryza sativa L., from 62 countries identified 115 accessions from 10 countries having resistant or moderately resistant reactions to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. Of 264 wild rices (Oryza spp.) screened, 10 (3.7%) were resistant. Several breeding lines having “Ptb33” and “W1263” as donor parents were moderately resistant. All of the resistant accessions are from regions where C. medinalis is an important pest, except for one accession from Italy, which is beyond the range of C. medinalis distribution.