Entomology Commons^™

Alfalfa Seed Cbalcid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) Infestation Trials In Annual Medicago, Gary Brewer, Edgar L. Sorensen, E. K. Horber

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We evaluated five annual Medicago species (M. disciformis DC., M. rigidula (L.) All., M. ciliaris (L.) Kroeker, M. rugosa Des., and M. rotata Boiss.) as potential hosts of the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi (Gussakovsky), in growth chambers. A perennial, M. sativa L., was used as a susceptible control. The five annual species represented the four sections (Leptospirae, Pachyspirae, Intertextae, Rotatae) of the subgenus Spirocarpus.

In no-choice tests, all annual species were highly resistant to the chalcid. Ovipositor marks and larvae were found in some M. rigidula. The other annuals were uninfested. In a second test, we were unsuccessful in …

Call For Authors And Subscribers To “Insecta Mundi”

Insecta Mundi

This is the first issue of a new series, Insecta Mundi which has been started for the publication of short papers on insect taxonomy. This first issue of the publication is being mailed to subscribers in January, 1985. It contains, as you can see, a variety of articles, including those on Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Neuroptera. In keeping with its name, Insects of the World, the areas covered in these papers include not only the United States, but Mexico, the West Indies, Australia, Europe, and Africa.

A Generic Review Of The Acanthaclisine Antlions Based On Larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), Lionel Stange, Robert B. Miller

Insecta Mundi

The tribe Acanthaclisini Navas contains 14 described genera which we recognize as valid. We have reared larvae of 8 of these (Acanthaclisis Rambur, Centroclisis Navas, Fadrina Navas, Paranthaclisis Banks, Phanoclisis Banks, Synclisis Navas, Syngenes Kolbe, and Vella Navas). In addition, we have studied preserved larvae from Australia which probably represent the genus Heoclisis Navas. This represents the majority of the taxa, lacking only the small genera Avia Navas, Cosina Navas, Madrasta Navas, Mestressa Navas, and Stiphroneuria Gerstaecker. Studies of these larvae have revealed structural differences, especially of the mandible, which we have employed to provide identification of these genera by …

Review Of Lanelater Of North America (Coleoptera, Elateridae), T. J. Spilman

Insecta Mundi

Descriptions, illustrations, and distributions of adults of 3 species: schottii (=arizonae) from Arizona to southern Texas and northern Mexico; hayekae n. sp. (=schottii of authors) from Kansas to southern Texas; sallei from Louisiana to Florida to New York. Identification key. The larvae, unknown, are undoubtedly predaceous on larvae (grubs) of Scarabaeidae and other soft bodied insects.

A Key To The Australian Chrysis With Description Of New Species(Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Richard M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

Australian Chrysis form three closely related groups in addition to a few wide-ranging and apparently adventive species. The latter are lincea Fabricius, schiodtei Dahlbom, fuscipennis Brulle, and fossulata F. Smith. The remaining 23 species, including those presently described, appear to be endemic i n the Australia-New Guinea area. Recently, Linsenmaier (1982, Entomofauna 3: 323-349) described a number of new species from Australia. Some of these I have been able to recognize and they are included in the key. Others that I am unable to place, possibly through lack of material, are curtisensis from Queensland and dentifrontis from South Australia. I …

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Insecta Mundi

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West Indies Brenthia (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae), J. B. Heppner

Insecta Mundi

The genus Brenthia includes numerous species in the New World and another large contingent in the tropical parts of Asia and Australia. There also are a few species known from Africa (Heppner, 1981). The few species in Japan represent the only intrusion of the genus into the Palearctic region.

Elevation Of Cicindela Nigrior To Species Rank, K. W. Vick, S. J. Roman

Insecta Mundi

Cicindela nigrior Schaupp (1884) has a complex taxonomic history as a subspecies, variety, and aberration of the morphologically plastic tiger beetle C . scutellaris. Schaupp gave the varietal name nigrior to what he apparently thought was a melanistic form of Cicindela scutellaris unicolor Dejean. Leng (1902) listed both nigrior and unicolor as varieties of scutellaris Say. However, Horn (1905) llsted nigrior and unicolor as aberrations of obscura Say (=scutellaris). Later he listed nigrior as a variety of scutellaris unicolor (Horn 1916). The Leng catalog (1920) shows both nigrior and unicolor as subspecies of scutellaris, while Vaurie …

Biochemical Evidence For Hybridization In Fire Ants, Robert K. Vander Meer, Clifford S. Lofgren, Francisco M. Alvarez

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Hybridization in social insects has been predicted on a theoretical basis by Pearson (1983); however, it is not a commonly reported phenomenon among ants. We recently found support for this theory when we discovered unique biochemical evidence for hybridization between Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis richteri Forel, two South American fire ant species that were inadvertently introduced into the southeastern United States.

Spermatozoon In Males And Inseminated Queens Of The Imported Fire Ants, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Coulter Counter IIA, an automatic particle counter, was a fast, accurate device for counting spermatozoa in fire ants. Queens of Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant (RIFA) had an average 5,669,683 ± 48,148 spermatozoa in the spermatheca two weeks after mating.

Compatibility Of Intercropping With Mechanized Agriculture: Effects Of Strip Intercropping Of Pinto Beans And Sweet Corn On Insect Abundance In Colorado, J. L. Capinera, Thomas J. Weissling, E. E. Schweizer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The potential for management of insect pest densities by regulation of crop diversity through intercropping was examined in sweet corn and pinto beans. Insect abundance was monitored in corn and beans in alternating multiple-row patterns of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 rows. Insect responses to intercropping treatments were variable, with positive, negative, and neutral responses observed, depending on species of insect and crop. In some cases, insect abundance was affected by strip-intercropping widths of up to eight rows, suggesting that strip intercropping may be compatible with some types of mechanized agriculture.

Extrafloral Nectaries On Plants In Communities Without Ants: Hawaii, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Since the Hawaiian Islands lack native ants, it was hypothesized that extrafloral nectaries, an ant-related mutualistic trait, should be lacking on native species. Presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on plants was determined by direct observation and related to vegetation structure and floral composition. Frequency of plants with EFNs was low by all possible comparisons. However, several endemic species had functional EFNs. The hypotheses to explain these anomalies are (1) phylogenetic inertia or (2) mutualism with some other organism than ants.

Temperature-Dependent Model For Sorghum Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Spring Emergence, Frederick P. Baxendale, G. L. Teetes, P. J. H. Sharpe

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A temperature-dependent, two-component model, based on constant-temperature development data, was formulated which described the emergence of overwintered sorghum midges, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) in the field. The first model component used a poikilotherm rate equation to predict emergence rates as a function of temperature. The second component distributed emerging adults over normalized time using a temperature- independent cumulative Weibull distribution. When coupled, components formed a temperature-dependent simulation model which described the spring emergence of overwintered midges from 1979 to 1982. The model tended to predict emergence before it actually occurred in the field. This discrepancy was corrected by incorporating a 1.27-cm …

Temperature-Dependent Model For Development Of Nondiapausing Sorghum Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Frederick P. Baxendale, G. L. Teetes, P. J. H. Sharpe, H. Wu

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Constant-temperature development data were used to construct a temperature- dependent, two-component model for the development of nondiapausing sorghum midges, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett), from egg to adult emergence. When constant temperatures were between 20 and 36°C, nondiapausing midges completed development and emerged as adults. Development times decreased as temperature increased. Above 34°C, however, development times increased and numbers of emerged adults declined. A coupled poikilotherm rate equation and cumulative Weibull distribution provided accurate descriptions of the developmental data. Model simulations compared favorably with observed emergence of adult midges from johnsongrass and sorghum in the field throughout the season.

Evaluation Of Crop Rotation For Control Of Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) In Commercial Potato Fields On Long Island, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) densities, potato defoliation levels, and grower insecticide use were monitored in commercial potato fields with differing rotational histories on Long Island, New York. Rotation for 1 year to a nonhost grain crop (rye or wheat) significantly reduced the pest status of L. decemlineata in the following year's potato crop. Early season (late May) adult densities were reduced 95.8% in three of four comparisons in 1982 and 69.5% in two of three comparisons in 1983. In one comparison each year, early season L. decemlineata densities were low in both the rotated and nonrotated fields due to past grower …

The Influence Of Edaphological Factors On The Biological Activity Of Selected Insecticides In Agricultural Soils, Bruce John Monke

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

A rating system was developed to predict the mortality of southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber) larvae used as test animals to bioasaay soil insecticides. The mortality probabilities, based on behavior of moribund larvae, resulted in data that was more consistent with the assumptions underlying parameteric statistics and provided more precision when compared to the usually accepted alternate method of considering moribund larvae as dead.

The rating system bioassay technique was used to study the effects of different soil factors on the relative decline in biological activity of six soil insecticides: carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, fonofos, isofenphos, phorate, and terbufos. …

Management Of The Rice Tungro Virus Vector Nephotettix Virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) With Controlled-Release Formulations Of Carbofuran, R. M. Wilkins, S. Batterby, E. A. Heinrichs, G. B. Aquino, S. L. Valencia

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field trials were conducted in lowland flooded rice in the Philippines to evaluate a number of carbofuran controlled-release formulations in comparison with commercial formulations. The test formulations were based on a biodegradable matrix of pine kraft lignin and were used as granules of different sizes and also in the form of small strips. The release rates were assessed under field conditions by bioassaying rice plants in the field, using adult rice green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant. The lignin formulations with a high level of active ingredient (15–45% by weight) gave as good or better control than the commercial 3% granules …

Polygynous Colonies Of The Red Imported Fire Ant In Florida, C. S. Lofgren, D. F. Williams

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

We report here the first occurrence in Florida of polygynous (multiple queen) colonies of the red imported fire ant (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren. Polygynous strains of RIFA have been reported previously in Mississippi (Glancey et al. 1973 and Glancey et al. 1975), Texas (Hung et al. 1974 and Mirenda and Vinson 1982), Georgia and Louisiana (Fletcher 1983).

Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reproductive Biology And Techniques For Examining Ovarian Dynamics, L. G. Higley, L. P. Pedigo

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We developed techniques for examining ovarian dynamics of the seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen), and delineated detailed procedures for ovarian dissections and classifications.A three-class ovarian rating system was devised and physiological ages for each class were determined. The preovipositional period was 36 degree-days (DD) in the field and 100 DD in the laboratory. No ovarian development was observed unlessfemales had been given a protein food source. All females with ovarian development had mated.

Suppression Of Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say), (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations With Antifeedant Fungicides, J. Daniel Hare, Patrick A. Logan, Robert Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Laboratory, small-field plot, and commercial-scale experiments were completed, using Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New York Colorado potato beetle, (CPB) Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), populations to determine if "antifeedant fungicides" might reduce the suitability of potato for CPB while simultaneously protecting potato from early and late blight. In the laboratory. fungicides formulated from triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) or Cu(OH), reduced CPB feeding 95 and 61%. In small-field plots, CPB larval densities were significantly reduced where TPTH and Cu(OH)₂ were used regularly. In commercial-scale experiments, L. decemlineata populations were significantly reduced and required fewer insecticide applications for acceptable control where TPTH was used …

Thermal Requirements For Emergence Of Overwintered Sorghum Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Frederick P. Baxendale, G. L. Teetes

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Emergence of overwintered sorghum midges, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett), was monitored during 1979, 1980, and 1981. Differences in emergence times and distributions among years was a function of soil temperature and rainfall. A heat unit accumulation model incorporating a rainfall adjustment factor was developed which described adult emergence in the spring. Adult midges initiated emergence after accumulating 431 centigrade heat units (based on mean daily to-cm soil temperatures starting 1 April) above a threshold temperature of 14.8°C, whereas, 679 and 977 heat units were required for 50 and 95% emergence, respectively. Sorghum midges that overwintered in johnsongrass spikelets emerged after similar …

Factors Influencing Adult Emergence From Diapausing Sorghum Midge, Contarinia Sorghicola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Frederick P. Baxendale, G. L. Teetes

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillett) diapause was terminated in the laboratory, and factors affecting adult emergence from diapausing larvae were investigated. Temperatures in the range from 20 to 30°C were optimum for diapause termination and adult emergence. Diapausing larvae exposed to moist conditions at 30°C began to emerge as adults after 12 days of incubation. Based on adult emergence rates per day, an emergence threshold temperature was estimated to be 14.8°C. Exposure to 12 to 13 days of continuous moisture at 30°C was essential for diapause termination and adult emergence. Moisture acted to initiate diapause termination, but diapausing larvae were …

Dispersal, Flight, And Diurnal Activity Patterns Of Adult Southern Corn Billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Robert J. Wright, J. W. Van Duyn, J. R. Bradley Jr.

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Dispersal into cornfields, flight, and diurnal activity patterns of the adult southern com billbug (SCB), Sphenophorus callosus (Olivier), were studied in eastern North Carolina during 1979 and 1980. Com plant damage (an index of SCB density) in fields with different cropping histories was initially concentrated either on the field edge next to last year's corn in rotated fields, or the edge next to the overwintering site in nonrotated fields. Although damage patterns and trapping studies suggested that SCB dispersal into fields was primarily by walking, SCB are capable of strong flight. Weevils of both the overwintered and summer generations were …

Biology And Seasonal Abundance Of Hymenopterous Parasitoids Of Sorghum Midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Frederick P. Baxendale, C. L. Lippincott, G. L. Teetes

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Four hymenopterous parasitoids of the sorghum midge, Contarinia sorghicola (Coquillet), were found in Burleson County, Texas: Eupelmus popa Girault, Tetrastichus near venustus Gahan, Tetrastichus near blastophagi (Ashmead), and Aprostocetus diplosidis Crawford. E. popa and A. diplosidis were ectoparasitic on the midge host in sorghum spikelets, while T. near venustus fed both externally and internally. Members of the parasitoid complex oviposited and developed to adults in spikelets containing 1- to 18-day-old immature midges, which corresponded to larval and pupal stages of midges. Most parasitoids developed from midges parasitized as mid-stage larvae. Developmental time from egg to adult emergence ranged from 7 …

Day-Degree Methods For Pest Management, Kenneth P. Pruess

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Recommendations are made for reporting day-degree methods which may have practical applications. Standardized thresholds (40, 50, and 60°F, or 5, 10, and 15°C) should be used. Day-degrees may be either sine wave approximations or exact units determined by instrumentation. Methods are proposed for converting current day-degree models to standardized thresholds and, ultimately, to actual day-degrees.

Trox Hamatus Robinson (Troginae) Using A Canthon (Scarabaeinae) Brood Ball And New Records Of North American Trox (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Trox hamatus Robinson was observed feeding on an abandoned Canthon brood ball in southeastern Nebraska. Although some Aphodiinae and Scarabaeinae have been reported feeding on or stealing other scarabaeine dung balls, this represents the first reported observation of this behavior for a member of the Troginae. It is suggested that the brood ball was opportunistically used by the Trox, and the event is rare. In addition, new state records are provided for Trox aequalis Say, T. atrox LeConte, T. laticollis LeConte, and T. tesselatus (LeConte).

New Combinations, Synonymy And Distribution Records For Neotropical Pentodontini And Oryctini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), Brett C. Ratcliffe, Roger-Paul Dechambre

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

During the past several years a number of new taxa of Dynastinae have been described which we feel are synonymical with existing taxa. We have also accumulated a small number of new distributional records in the Pentodontini and Oryctini. In this paper we clarify some of these taxonomic "loose ends" by proposing several new synonyms and two new combinations. Dechambre examined the type of Heterogomphus niger Endrodi, and Ratcliffe examined the types of the three Endrodi species of Strategus and Endroedianibe bozzolai Chalumeau. We also list the new distributional records we have found.

Introduction To The Symposium On Imported Fire Ants, Southeastern Branch, Entomological Society Of America, January 26, 1982, C. S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

While there have been many exotic insect pests inadvertently introduced into the United States, only a few have had the dramatic impact that the imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta Buren and S. richteri Forel) have had on the southern states. Certainly this is understandable to anyone who has seen their small child receiving dozens of fiery injections of venom or to a farmer who suddenly realizes that his lush verdant pasture has become the mound construction site for hundreds of colonies of fire ants, each with 100,000 to 200,000 workers who are willing to attack anyone who disturbs their …

United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number Three, Cairo, Egypt, Medical Zoology Department Translation List, Harry Hoogstraal

United States Naval Medical Research Unit 3: Publications

List of translations of medical parasitology and medical entomology papers prepared by the United States Naval Medical Research Unit Number 3 in Cairo, Egypt. The papers were translated from numerous languages, such as Russian (most were translated from Russian), Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Finnish, French, German, and Japanese, into English. The publication dates of the original papers ranged from about 1915 to 1983. Harry Hoogstraal translated some or all of the papers.

Damage Potential Of Adult And Larval Southern Corn Billbugs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) On Field Corn In Eastern North Carolina, Robert J. Wright, J. W. Van Duyn, J. R. Bradley Jr.

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Adult and larval damage potential of the southern corn billbug (SCB), Sphenophorus callosus (Olivier), was studied in small-plot enclosures and in commercial cornfields in eastern North Carolina from 1978 to 1980. In small-plot studies, corn at the two- and four-leaf stages showed damage by adult SCB at several insect densities, but more mature corn was not visibly damaged. Female SCB caused more damage than male SCB on three- to four-leaf stage corn. Damage by females tended to result in dead terminals, whereas feeding by males more often resulted in holes in the leaves. In small-plot studies, average plant height per …