Entomology Commons^™

Department Of Entomology Newsletter - No. 5, Part 2, 1988

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

Activities of the Department

Extension News, Fred Baxendale

Teaching News, Ack Jones

Research News, Z. B. Mayo

Museum News, Brett C. Ratcliffe

Lawrence Bruner Entomology Club News, Wes Watson

South Central Research and Extension News, Leroy L. Peters

Panhandle Research and Extension News, Gary L. Hein

West Central Research and Extension News, John B. Campbell

Bortbeast Research and Extension News, John F. Witkowski

Linnaean Games Team News, Larry Godfrey

Roger Gold Moves Up

Recent Retirements

FACULTY / Wayne Kramer Bob Wright Jack Campbell Cliff Walstrom Tony Joern Larry Godfrey Leroy Peters Gary Hein Mark Harrell Art Hagen

TECHNICAL AID, CLERICAL …

Hydrocarbon For Identification And Phenetic Comparisons: Cockroaches, Honey Bees, And Tsetse Flies, David A. Carlson

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The hydrocarbon components of Asian and German cockroaches showed consistent differences by gas chromatography (GC) that did not depend on geographic origin, sex or age, and that did reliably identify individuals of these otherwise morphologically similar species. European honey bee workers and drones showed consistent GC patterns. Race-specific similarities in GC patterns were present in Africanized workers and drones from Central and South America. Principal components analysis separated data from different races. Comb waxes reflected the genetic ancestry of the workers that produced that wax. GC data was used to construct phenetic comparisons of 26 species and subspecies of tsetse …

Adoption Of Newly-Mated Queens: A Mechanism For Proliferation And Perpetuation Of Polygynous Red Imported Fire Ants, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The polygynous form of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren was first reported from Mississippi in 1973; however, the source of the numerous fertile queens in polygynous colonies has remained an enigma. In 1987, 400 queens from a mating flight were marked with a durable paint and released in an area heavily populated with the polygynous form. None were recaptured after one week, but 9 months later, 4 clearly-marked queens were found in a nest 65 meters from their release point. This finding clearly points to adoption. About 5 weeks later, 37 of 107 fertile queens collected from …

Use Of Chemical Characters In Defining Populations Of Fire Ants, Robert K. Vander Meer, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and S. richteri, were accidentally imported into the United States in the first half of this century from South America. In their adopted habitat the imported fire ants have thrived causing considerable medical and agricultural problems in the nine widely infested states of the south and southeast. The red imported fire ant, S. invicta was considered the dominant ant in the infested areas, having displaced the black imported fire ant, S. richteri, into a small enclave in north- eastern Mississippi. However, a large reproductively viable S. invicta/S. richteri hybrid population was recently …

Do Ant Brood Pheromones Exist?, Laurence Morel, Robert K. Vander Meer

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A brood pheromone is a chemical or mixture of chemicals released by immature stages that elicits a behavioral response in conspecific adults. The current literature devoted to brood pheromones in several ant species does not prove the existence of such a pheromone or even of brood-specific chemicals. The possibility of a food response or a nestmate recognition response, two of the most confounding factors, has not been eliminated. Two alternative hypotheses involving brood behavior, morphology, cuticular chemicals, and associative learning are proposed.

Diets Of Darkling Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Within A Shrub-Steppe Ecosystem, L. E. Rogers, N. E. Woodley, J. K. Sheldon, P. A. Beedlow

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The diets of 13 species of darkling beetles inhabiting shrub-steppe communities of southcentral Washington were analyzed. Forty-seven vascular plant species, including 7 grasses, 34 forbs, and 6 shrubs, were fed upon. Cluster analysis was used to determine the extent of overlap in food habits among beetle species. The beetle species were separated into five food preference groups. Partitioning of food resources may act to refine niche space of these beetles.

Cheilosia Corydon (Diptera: Syrphidae)., A Candidate For The Biological Control Of Musk Thistle In North America, Antonio Rizza, Gaetano Campobasso, Paul Dunn, Massimo Stazi

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

In Italy, larvae of the syrphid fly, Cheilosia corydon (Harris) (=grossa Fallen), infest the flower buds, stems, and roots of Carduus nutans L. and C. pycnocephalus L. (Compositae), both serious weeds in the United States. The fly was studied as a candidate biological control agent of musk and Italian thistle in North America. The host range of C. corydon is narrow, restricted to plants of the tribe Cardueae. Cirsium crassicaule (Green) Jeps., a threatened U.S. species, was marginally suitable as a host in laboratory trials. In open-field oviposition tests, using replicated and randomized plantings, no oviposition was observed on …

Anatomy Of The Ventral Eversible Gland Of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera Jrugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Larvae, O. G. Marti, C. E. Rogers

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The ventral eversible gland (VEG) of the fifth instar fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is described and illustrated. The orifice of the VEG is a transverse slit anterior to the prothoracic legs. An increase in hemocoelic pressure everts the VEG, and the action of six pairs of retractor muscles inverts it. The VEG consists of two functionally different regions-a noneversible glandular sac lined with secretory cells, and an eversible cuticular tube which, when everted, forms a visible, external papilla. Eversion is pleurecbolic, occurring by movement of the sides of the cuticular tube rather than the apex, in response …

World Review Of The Parasitoids Of The Southern Green Stink Bug, Nezara Viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), Walker Jones

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A survey of published and unpublished information was used to compile a list of insect parasitoids recorded emerging from Nezara viridula (L.) in the field worldwide. Fifty-seven species among two families of Diptera and five families of Hymenoptera are recorded; 41 are egg parasitoids. No hyperparasitoids are known. Most species are not closely associated with N. viridula, although some are well adapted and the status of others is unclear. Six species of Nearctic and Neotropical Tachinidae are well adapted to adult N. viridula and could become established in new areas; they also attack large nymphs. There are no effective …

Gonotrophic Development In Hypoderma Lineatum And H. Bovis (Diptera: Oestridae), With Notes On Reproductive Capacity, P. J. Scholl, J. Weintraub

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Gonotrophic development in Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) and Hypoderma bovis (L.) is characterized by initiation and complete growth in larval and pupal stages. Developing oocytes through six stages to the definitive egg are described. Polytrophic ovarian development is modified; only primary and secondary complements of eggs survive and develop simultaneously. The female emerges from the puparium with its life-long complement of eggs fully developed. Capability to mate and immediately oviposit on host cattle is well suited to the short life span of the nonfeeding fly. Mean reproductive capacity of H. lineatum is 516 ± 54 (SD) eggs, significantly higher than the …

Foraging Ecology Of The Bee Habropoda Laboriosa (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae), An Oligolege Of Blueberries (Ericaceae: Vaccinium) In The Southeastern United States, James H. Cane, Jerry A. Payne

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The anthophorid bee, Habropoda (=Emphoropsis [R. W. Brooks, personal communication]) laboriosa (F.), is a locally abundant, vernal, univoltine species. It flies from February through April in Georgia and Alabama. In these states, females are oligolectic on Vaccinium spp., particularly V. ashei Reade and V. corymbosum L., with Gelsemium sempervirens (L.), Quercus alba L., and Cercis canadensis L. as minor, alternate pollen hosts. Pollen-harvesting female H. laboriosasonicate V. ashei flowers to release pollen, averaging 5.7 buzzes during their average 2.6-s floral visit, which is a handling rate 3 times faster than coforaging Bombus spp. Furthermore, mean floral handling rates of …

Feeding Damage By Irbisia Pacifica (Hemiptera: Miridae): Effects Of Feeding And Drought On Host Plant Growth, James D. Hansen, Robert S. Nowak

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The interaction of feeding by a grass bug, Irbisia pacifica (Uhler), and drought stress on growth of Great Basin wildrye, Leymus cinereus (Scrih. & Merr.) Love, and intermediate wheatgrass, Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkw. & D. R. Dewey, was studied in the greenhouse. At peak production, control plants of Great Basin wildrye had more than twice as much green leaf area per tiller than bug-infested ones, and intermediate wheatgrass controls had three times as much as the bug-infested plants. Total leaf area of control plants also exceeded that of bug-infested plants. Watered plants of both species recovered very little after bugs …

Electrophoretic Monomorphism In Six Biotypes And Two Populations Of The Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Stanley G. Wells, Daniel J. Howard, Julie L. Adams, Jonathan Arnold

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Six biotype bulk populations and two geographic populations of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), were analyzed at 15 presumptive genetic loci using starch gel electrophoresis. Fourteen of the 15 loci appeared monomorphic. One locus, Pgi, varied in biotypes B, E, and a population from Mason, Mich. The level of genetic variation among Hessian fly populations is among the lowest reported for insects. Genetic differentiation among Hessian fly biotypes and populations is also low, ranging from a Nei's D of 0.000 to 0.002. Protein electrophoresis does not appear to provide a quick procedure to identify Hessian fly biotypes.

Effects Of Oviposition On Remating., Response To Pheromones., And Longevity In The Female Caribbean Fruit Fly., Anastrepha Suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae), J. Sivinski, R. R. Heath

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Female Caribbean fruit flies with oviposition opportunities remate frequently, two-thirds of them after 1 wk and approximately one-third every subsequent week. Those with limited chances to oviposit remate less frequently, and about half of them mate only once during their lifetime. Ovipositing females regain receptivity to male-produced pheromones within a week, unlike nonlaying females. Mortality rates also are higher for egglaying females.

Effect Of The Insect Growth Regulator Fenoxycarh On The Ovaries Of Queens Of The Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), B. Michael Glancey, W. A. Banks

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The insect growth regulator, fenoxycarb, ethyl [2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl] carbamate, causes retrogression of the ovaries of mated queens of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren. Fenoxycarb completely suppresses growth of the follicular epithelium, nurse cells, and cytoplasm/yolkplasm. Most developing eggs are resorbed and no new workers are produced. Thus, prolonged exposure of the queen to the compound causes death of the entire colony. The ovaries return to normal if the queen is removed from exposure to the chemical.

Ecology, Behavior, And Distribution Of Blattella Asahinai (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) In Central Florida, Richard J. Brenner, R. S. Patterson, P. G. Koehler

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Asian cockroach, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo, a close relative of the German cockroach, B. germanica (L.), has been discovered in over 900 km² from Tampa to Lakeland, Fla., and is prevalent in citrus groves, wooded areas, lawns, and homes. Differentiation of the two species is best accomplished by the diagnostic behavior of the Asian cockroach-it is crepuscular (sunset) and nocturnal, readily flies, is attracted at sunset to light-colored or brightly lit surfaces, and lives outdoors in large numbers. Analyses of microhabitat composition of 86 trap sites indicate that the principal habitat of the Asian cockroach is leaf litter in …

Hydrocarbon-Based Discrimination Of Three North American Blattella Cockroach Species (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) Using Gas Chromatography, D. A. Carlson, R. J. Brenner

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The identification of various life stages of three species of cockroaches was accomplished by using gas chromatography for the quantitative determination of cuticular hydrocarbon components. Dried and frozen specimens of wild and laboratory samples of the closely related species, Blattella asahinai Mizukubo and B. germanica (L.), were identified by inspection of chromatographic data. The cuticular hydrocarbons of each species were identified by mass spectrometry and found to be quite unlike those of the distantly related B. vaga Hebard. A statistical technique is described that provides a quantitative approach to numerical pattern recognition of chromatograms for identifying Asian and German cockroaches. …

Ultrastructural Studies Of The Abdominal Plaques Of Some Diptera, John G. Stoffolano, Jr.,, Norman E. Woodley, Art Borkent, Lucy R. S. Yin

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Light microscopy revealed cuticular plaques restricted to the abdomens of both sexes of four species of brachycerous flies: Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart, Apiocera barri Cazier, Hydrophorus viridiflos (Walker), and Dolichopus consanguineus (Wheeler). Using SEM, these plaques proved glabrous and unsculptured. Only at high magnification did they show small pits. TEM of the plaques showed the cuticle in this region is traversed by numerous muscle attachment fibers which extend from just below the epicuticle to the base of the cuticle, where they connect to the microtubules of the tendinous epidermal cells. These fibers or tonofibrillae serve as the attachment sites for underlying …

The Nesting Biology Of Colletes Kincaidii Cockerell (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) And Development Of Its Immature Forms, P. F. Torchio, G. E. Trostle, D. J. Burdick

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Overwintering larvae of Colletes kincaidii Cockerell were obtained by removing soil blocks from a large nesting site established in a hardened, vertical sandstone cliff at Bonny Doon, Calif. One sandstone block was placed in a greenhouse at Logan, Utah, where two emerging females established nests within glass tubes inserted into observation boxes and one female excavated a nest in soil beneath the sandstone block from which she emerged. Observations of nesting biology in glass tube nests showed for the first time that polyester cell linings are composed of a mixture of salivary and Dufour's gland materials. Salivary secretion is first …

Tephritid Olfaction: Morphology Of The Antennae Of Four Tropical Species Of Economic Importance (Diptera: Tephritidae), J. C. Dickens, W. G. Hart, D. M. Light, E. B. Jang

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Four types of sensilla are present on the antennal surface of four tropical tephritid species of economic importance-the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew); the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann); the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett; and the oriental fruit fly, D. dorsalis Hendel. Three types of porous sensilla occur only on the funiculus. Two types of multi porous pitted sensilla (MPS)-thick-walled and thin-walled-house dendritic branches, and both are probably chemoreceptors. Electrophysiological recordings from cells associated with a thick-walled MPS in C. capitata showed that it responds to trimedlure, a known attractant. Multiporous grooved sensilla also occurring on the …

Studies Of The Neural Basis Of Evasive Flight Behavior In Response To Acoustic Stimulation In Heliothis Zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Motoneuronal Innervation Of Flight Muscles, Edward Orona, Herndon R. Agee

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The organization of the motoneurons that control the indirect flight muscles of the fore- and hindwings was investigated in the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). Cut axons of the nerves supplying the dorsolongitudinal and dorsoventral muscles were infiltrated with cobalt chloride. The cell bodies of the labeled motoneurons are located throughout all thoracic ganglia. Their respective dendritic fields are organized similarly and distributed in a segmented fashion, i.e., the somata and dendrites are restricted to a rather narrow region of the neuropil. The relevance of this organization for the neural basis of behavior is discussed, focusing on the divergent axonal …

Studies Of The Neural Basis Of Evasive Flight Behavior In Response To Acoustic Stimulation In Heliothis Zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Organization Of The Tympanic Nerves, H. R. Agee, E. Orona

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The organization of the tympanic nerve within the thoracic ganglia of Heliothis zea (Boddie) was investigated. Cobalt chloride infiltration of cut axons was used to investigate the central terminations of the tympanic nerves. The axonal terminals of the A2 acoustic cell were confined to the meso-metathoracic ganglia, whereas the Al acoustic and the nonacoustic B cell were found in the thoracic ganglia. The relevance of this organization for neural circuitry of evasive flight behavior to acoustic stimulation is discussed.

Spermiogenesis Of Heliothis Virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): An Ultrastructure Study Of Eupyrene Sperm In Sterile Backcross Males, Leo E. Lachance, Geneva Olstad

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Sterile backcross (Be) males originate from the hybridization of Heliothis subflexa (Guennee) females to H. virescens (F.) males followed by recurrent backcrossing of the fertile female progeny to H. virescens males. Ultrastructural transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies of the postmeiotic maturation of eupyrene sperm cells in Be males, and comparisons with the cells in normal H. virescens males, show that the early stages in cell differentiation and maturation are similar in Be and normal H. virescens males. In 3- or 5-d-old pupae, some of the Be spermatids contain large vacuoles in the cytoplasm or in the mitochondrial derivatives (MDs). Also, …

Species Distribution And Characterization Studies Of Sex-Limited Esterases Within The Virgifera Group Of Diabrotica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Susan K. Ruud, I. C. Mcdonald, D. A. Gabrielson, O. A. Johnson

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Isozyme studies revealed the existence of an autosomal, male-limited esterase locus (Est-m) in species of the virgifera group of Diabrotica found in the United States. The locus is characterized by the presence of active and null alleles, and particular taxa are monomorphic or polymorphic for the presumptive Est-m variants. Investigations of the properties of an Est-m form present in the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, produced data to indicate that the enzyme is a carboxylesterase and a glycoprotein with a relative molecular weight of 78,000 ± 8,680 SD. Additional work has shown that Est-m activity is …

Response Of Natural And Factitious Hosts To The Ectoparasite Euplectrus Plathypenae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), T. A. Coudron, B. Puttler

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

We tested natural and factitious host insects for their physiological responses to stinging by the gregarious ectoparasite, Euplectrus plathypenae Howard, and observed hosts injected with tissue from the lower reproductive tract of the female parasitoid. Tests included eight recorded lepidopteran hosts and larvae of 36 other species of Lepidoptera not previously recorded as hosts, plus 19 species in six other orders. The arrestment of development produced by E. plathypenae was expressed in all natural hosts and in most, but not all, insects outside the natural host range of the parasite.

Queen Pheromone Production And Its Physiological Correlates In Fire Ant Queens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Treated With Fenoxycarb, Martin S. Obin, B. Michael Glancey, W. A. Banks, Robert K. Vander Meer

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Biological assays were used to evaluate the effect of the insect growth regulator fenoxycarb (ethyl (2-p-phenoxyphenoxy) ethyl carbamate) on production of queen-derived dealation inhibitory pheromone and the queen recognition pheromone of Solenopsis invicta Buren. Treated virgin and mated queens weighed less and were less capable of inhibiting dealation by female alates than were nontreated controls. Virgin queens that gained weight during the experimental trials produced more dealation inhibitory pheromone and more queen recognition pheromone than virgin queens that lost weight. Treated virgin queens with fenoxycarb-induced ovary dysfunction inhibited de alation in proportionally fewer alates than treated virgin queens of similar …

Quantitative Analysis Of Temperature., Moisture., And Diet Factors Affecting Insect Development, David W. Hagstrum, George A. Milliken

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Extensive published data on the developmental times of nine species of stored-product Coleoptera in relation to temperature, moisture, and diet were described by regression equations. At most temperatures, the order of relative influence of these factors on development was temperature > moisture > diet. However, moisture and diet influenced larval development more than temperature near the optimal temperature for development of each species. Egg, larval, and pupal stage durations at 27°C averaged 15, 66, and 19% of the total developmental time, respectively, at moistures above 12%, and 12, 72, and 15% of total developmental time at moistures below 12%. Similar percentages were …

Labeling Anaphes Ovijentatus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)., An Egg Parasite Of Lygus Spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae)., With Rubidium, Charles G. Jackson, Allen C. Cohen, Charmaine L. Verdugo

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The eggs of Lygus hesperus (Knight) were labeled with the element rubidium (Rb) by rearing the nymphs and maintaining the adults on diet with 100, 500, or 1,000 ppm rubidium chloride (RbCl). Anaphes ovijentatus (Crosby and Leonard), a parasite of Lygus spp. eggs, was marked with Rb concentrations above laboratory and field endogenous levels when reared from labeled eggs of Lygus adults fed diets with 500 and 1,000 ppm RbCI. Rb concentrations remained sufficiently high to distinguish labeled parasites from those collected in alfalfa fields for 4 d. The parasites that developed in eggs of L. hesperus reared on diet …

Kairomonal Stimulation Of Oviposition Into An Artificial Substrate By The Endoparasitoid Microplitis Croceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), R. L. Tilden, S. M. Ferkovich

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Preparation of an artificial oviposition substrate (AOS) from agarose and host hemolymph for oviposition by a parasitic wasp, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), is described. Natural hosts for this endoparasitoid are larvae of Heliothis spp. Infusion of hemolymph from Heliothis zea (Boddie) into a drop of solidified agar induced females of M. croceipes to oviposit into the material. Ovipositional response to dilution of host hemolymph was determined. The factor or factors that stimulated oviposition were moderately heat sensitive, dialyzable, and unaffected by treatment with protease or pancreatic trypsin or hexane extraction. Hemolymph from Manduca sexta (L.) was less effective than H. zea …

Insect Succession In A Stored-Corn Ecosystem In Southeast Georgia, R. T. Arbogast, M. A. Mullen

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Insect populations infesting a small bulk of corn stored in southeastern Georgia were followed for 8 yr by monthly sampling beginning 8 mo after the corn was placed in storage. The species composition of the insect community changed as the corn deteriorated. Nine species became dominant at some stage of succession. Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) was the dominant species when the first sample was taken. It was succeeded a month later by Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), which declined rapidly after 2 mo of dominance and died out during the third year. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) was dominant at various times during the first …