Cell and Developmental Biology Commons^™

Geographic And Nongeographic Variation In The Genus Microtus (Mammalia: Rodentia) In West Virginia, Tina M. Savage

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Geographic and nongeographic variation was assessed on 12 cranial and 4 external characters in approximately 400 specimens of Microtus (M. ochrogaster, M. chrotorrhinus, M. pinetorum, M. pennsylvanicus) in West Virginia. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to examine age-related variation, sexual dimorphism, elevation and geographic variation and litter size for each species of Microtus in the state. Cranial characters were more beneficial than external in detecting variation. Examination of data for each species of Microtus studied demonstrated that values and trends in variation is a specific rather than a generic trait. Age-related variation was present in some, …

Preparation Of A Site-Specific Lymphotoxin- Mutant To Be Used In Protein Characterization And Receptor Binding Studies, Derek Andrew Knight

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Media Components Influence Viral Gene Expression Assays In Human Fetal Astrocyte Cultures, Micheline Mccarthy, Charles Wood, Larisa Fedoseyeva, Scott R. Whittemore

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

In vitro neurovirological studies of viral infectivity or viral gene expression may be confounded by the mulHple neural cell types and/or fibrob last contamination present in early passage cultures prepared from dissociated human central nervous system (eNS) tissue. We have developed highly enriched astrocyte cultures for neurovirological study by culturing in a serum-free defined medium, 816, supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Subculture in this medium selects against fibroblast proliferation and favors sustained proliferation of a highly enriched glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cell population. These astrocytes support productive replication of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and transient expression of transfected CMVand …

Fish Analysis On Spontaneously Arising Micronuclei In The Icf Syndrome, Michael W. Stacey, M. S. Bennett, M. Hulten

Bioelectrics Publications

The ICF syndrome is a rare disorder where patients show undercondensation of the heterochromatic blocks of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 along with variable immunodeficiency. The undercondensation of the heterochromatic block appears to be restricted to a portion of PHA stimulated T cells. Patients with this syndrome also show an increase in micronuclei formation. We have used dual colour FISH to investigate the chromosomal content of these micronuclei in PHA stimulated peripheral blood cultures, an EBV transformed B cell line, and also micronuclei observed in vivo from peripheral blood smears. Chromosome 1 appears to be present in a higher proportion …

Histological And Immunohistochemical Analyses Of The Pulmonary Pathology That Occurs As A Direct Result Of Acute Lethal Graft-Vs.-Host Disease, Diane L. Workman

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Activation Of Transfer Rna-Guanine Ribosyltransferase By Protein Kinase C, Rana C. Morris, Bonnie J. Brooks, Panayota Eriotou, Deborah F. Kelly, Sandeep Sagar, K. Lenore Hart, Mark S. Elliot

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Transfer RNA-guanine ribosyltransferase (TGRase) irreversibly incorporates queuine into the first position in the anticodon of four tRNA isoacceptors. Rat brain protein kinase C (PKC) was shown to stimulate rat liver TG Rase activity, TGRase preparations derived from rat liver have been observed to decrease in activity over time in storage at -20 or -70°C, Contamination of the samples by phosphatases was indicated by a p-nitrophenylphosphate conversion test, The addition of micromolar concentrations of the phosphatase inhibitors sodium pyrophosphate and sodium fluoride into TGRase isolation buffers resulted in a greater return of TGRase activity than without these inhibitors, Inactive TGRase preparations …

Certain Canine Weakly Β-Hemolytic Intestinal Spirochetes Are Phenotypically And Genotypically Related To Spirochetes Associated With Human And Porcine Intestinal Spirochetosis, Gerald E. Duhamel, Nagaraja Muniappa, Michelle R. Mathiesen, J. L. Johnson, J. Toth, R. O. Elder, A. R. Doster

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Four canine weakly β-hemolytic intestinal spirochetes associated with intestinal spirochetosis (IS-associated WBHIS) were compared with IS-associated human and porcine WBHIS and the type species for Serpulina hyodysenteriae and S. innocens by using phenotypic and genotypic parameters. The IS-associated canine, human, and porcine WBHIS belonged to a phyletic group distinct from but related to previously described Serpulina type species.

Phase Ii Trial Of Murine Monoclonal Antibody D612 Combined With Recombinant Human Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (Rhm-Csf) In Patients With Metastatic Gastrointestinal Cancer, Mansoor Saleh, Michael Khazaeli, Richard Wheeler, Pat Bucy, Tiepe Liu, Michael Everson, David Mun, Jeff Schlom

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

In a Phase II study, 14 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancer received the mAb D612 (40 mg/m2, days 4, 7, and 11) in combination with recombinant human monocyte colony-stimulating factor [(rhM-CSF) 80 ug/kg/days 1-14]. The combined treatment was well tolerated and resulted in characteristic biological activity associated with each of the agents. Thus, 10 of 14 patients experienced D612-associated secretory diarrhea, which responded to the prostaglandin inhibitor Indomethacin in 5 of 7 patients. rhM-CSF therapy was associated with peripheral mono- cytosis (peak absolute monocyte count, 1444 ±394/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (nadir count, 78 ±10/nim '). Monocyte surface marker analysis revealed a …

Cd16+ Monocytes In Patients With Cancer: Spontaneous Elevation And Pharmacologic Induction By Recombinant Human Macrophage Colony- Stimulating Factor, Mansoor Saleh, Goldman Samuel, Lobuglio Albert, Beall Arthur, Sabio Hernan, Mccord Melissa, Minasian Lori, Alpaugh Katherine, Weiner Louis, Munn David

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

The small subset of circulating monocytes that express the maturation- associated CD16 antigen has recently been reported to be elevated in patients with bacterial sepsis. We now show that this novel CD16+ monocyte population is also spontaneously expanded in patients with cancer. We studied 14 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma enrolled in a clinical trial of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhMCSF) plus monoclonal antibody D612. We found that before any cytokine treatment, 12 of 14 patients constitutively displayed significant elevations in both the percentage and the absolute number of CD16+ monocytes, as compared with both normal subjects and ill …

Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Myogenic Reactivity In Isolated Arterioles, Hui Zou

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The myogenic reactivity provides one of the principal mechanisms for blood flow autoregulation. The aims of the performed studies described in this dissertation were to test the role of [Ca²⁺]_i and MLC phosphorylation in arteriolar myogenic reactivity and further examine the source(s) of activator Ca²⁺ required to initiate and maintain myogenic vasoconstriction. In addition, the possible underlying mechanism of contractile protein expression was also addressed.

These studies used male Sprague Dawley rats of 200 ~ 350 grams body weight. Experiments were carried out using rat cremaster first order arterioles and mesenteric vessels. Gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting …

Microcirculation: Electrophysiological Basis For The Response Of Endothelial Cells To Inflammatory Mediators-Bradykinin, Kai Miao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Using conventional microelectrodes, I studied the electrical basis for determining the resting V$\sb{\rm m}$ in intact EC's from hamsters. The resting V$\sb{\rm m}$ were found to be $-$40 mV for aortic EC's and $-$43 mV for vena caval EC's. The contributions of ions to the resting V$\sb{\rm m}$ of aortic EC's were compared in terms of the transference number (t$\sb{\rm ion}$). To develop a technique for in situ monitoring changes in V$\sb{\rm m}$ of postcapillary venular EC's in the hamster mesentery, a voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe, bisoxonol, was used to load the cells and the fluorescence signals were analyzed under an …

Role Of Heat Shock Protein 70 Kda Cognate In Limiting Thermal Inactivation And Refolding Of Heat-Denatured Nuclear Type I Topoisomerase, Kuo-Kuang Wen

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Previous studies (Ciavarra et al., 1994) demonstrated that the constitutive 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsc70) protected purified topoisomerase I from thermal injury. In addition, hsc70 was capable of regenerating catalytic activity of heat-denatured topoisomerase I. A whole cell lysate was also active in this reaction assay. The present study demonstrates that heat-denatured topoisomerase I is reactivated by a cytosolic fraction and that this activity is dependent on the presence of cytosolic hsc70. The efficacy of hsc70-mediated refolding of heat-denatured topoisomerase I is greatly enhanced by a cytosolic cofactor(s). In all these refolding reactions, exogenous ATP is not required. Size …

In Situ Regulation Of Cytosolic Phospolipase A₂, Beverly A. Rzigalinski

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The 85 kDa cytosolic phospholipase A₂ (cPLA₂) is an agonist-responsive effector for intracellular signal transduction through the arachidonate cascade. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this enzyme is regulated by sub-micromolar calcium and is specific for arachidonate as the sn-2 fatty acyl group of phospholipid substrates. However, very little data is available regarding in situ mechanisms which govern the activity of cPLA₂. The primarily objective of these studies was to develop an in situ system for the study of cPLA₂, and investigate mobilization of arachidonate during signal transduction events.

Dimethylsulfoxide differentiation of the …

A Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Gene In Xenopus Laevis Encodes A Type Iii Iodothyronine 5-Deiodinase., Donald L. St Germain, Robert Schwartzman, Walburga Croteau, Akira Kanamori, Zhou Wang, Donald D. Brown, Valerie Galton

Dartmouth Scholarship

The type III iodothyronine 5-deiodinase metabolizes thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine to inactive metabolites by catalyzing the removal of iodine from the inner ring. The enzyme is expressed in a tissue-specific pattern during particular stages of development in amphibia, birds, and mammals. Recently, a PCR-based subtractive hybridization technique has been used to isolate cDNAs prepared from Xenopus laevis tadpole tail mRNA that represent genes upregulated by thyroid hormone during metamorphosis. Sequence analysis of one of these cDNAs (XL-15) revealed regions of homology to the mRNA encoding the rat type I (outer ring) 5'-deiodinase, including a conserved UGA codon that encodes selenocysteine in …

A New Model Species For Cultured Teleost Retinal Cell Studies: Light And Scanning Electron Microscopy, Lori Ann Steinfeldt

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Purpose: To examine retinal horizontal and bipolar cells cultured from goldfish (Carassius auratus), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) on the light and electron microscope levels; and to compare them with cells from a more established model, the wild white bass (Roccus chrysops). Methods: Retinas from all species were dissociated by methods developed with wild white bass (Dowling et al., 1985). Cell type was identified within the first 3 hr and cells were cultured for up to 2 wk in L-15 medium. At various intervals, cells were fixed in glutaraldehyde, …

Mutations In The Non-Helical Linker Segment L1-2 Of Keratin 5 In Patients With Weber-Cockayne Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, Yiu-Mo Chan, Qian-Chun Yu, Janine M. Leblanc-Straceski, Angela Christiano, Lena Pulkkinen, Raju S. Kucherlapati, Jouni Uitto, Elaine Fuchs

Biology Faculty Publications

Keratins are the major structural proteins of the epidermis. Analyzing keratin gene sequences, appreciating the switch in keratin gene expression that takes place as epidermal cells commit to terminally differentiate, and elucidating how keratins assemble into 10 nm filaments, have provided the foundation that has led to the discoveries of the genetic bases of two major classes of human skin diseases, epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH). These diseases involve point mutations in either the basal epidermal keratin pair, K5 and K14 (EBS), or the suprabasal pair, K1 and K10 (EH). In severe cases of EBS and EH, …

Analysis Of Human Sperm Chromatin Integrity, Silvina M. Bocca

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

Determining potential maternal or paternal sources of abnormal chromosomal constitution gives opportunity for preconception genetic counseling. The most direct determination is achieved by analyzing the nuclear constitution of the gametes.

The present study evaluated the integrity of human spermatozoal nuclear material in the two condensation stages of chromatin and chromosomes. Original semen samples (ORI) and their swim-up fractions (SW, selected for motility) from men of known (donors) and unknown (patients) fertility were analyzed. The extent of chromatin condensation was assessed by light microscopy and flow cytometry during the time course of a chemically-induced decondensation reaction.

Motile spermatozoa were used to …

Translational Regulation Of The C-Jun Proto-Oncogene, Anil Sehgal

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The v-jun oncogene was originally isolated from the ASV17 virus in 1987. Ever since its isolation, extensive work has been done to understand the role of the v-jun oncogene in cell transformation. The c-Jun protein is a transcription factor which binds to the DNA target TGACTCA. The c-Jun protein binds to DNA in the form of dimers. It can form homodimers with itself and heterodimers with Jun family (JunB and JunD), Fos family (FosB, Fra1 and Fra2), or with CREB family members through the leucine zipper motif. Because the c-jun proto-oncogene plays an important role in cell transformation, extensive work …

Bcl-2 Protein Expression Is Widespread In The Developing Nervous-System And Retained In The Adult Pns, Diane E. Merry, Deborah J. Veis, William F. Hickey, Stanley J. Korsmeyer

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cell death is a common feature of neural development in all vertebrates. The bcl-2 proto-oncogene has been shown to protect a variety of cell types from programmed cell death. We have examined the distribution of bcl-2 protein in the developing and adult nervous systems. bcl-2 protein is widespread during embryonic development. Proliferating neuroepithelial cells of ventricular zones as well as the postmitotic cells of the cortical plate, cerebellum, hippocampus and spinal cord express bcl-2. Postnatally, bcl-2 is principally retained in the granule cells of the cerebellum and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. bcl-2 expression in the CNS declines with aging. …

Coping With The Risk Of Cancer In Children Living Near Power Lines, Eileen N. Abt

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Ms. Abt briefly summarizes evidence linking power lines with a possible increase in risk of childhood cancer. She also recounts how, although many experts remain skeptical of causality, public fears, whether or not warranted, have themselves created serious problems. Finally, she proposes ways to address those problems.

Induction Of Heat Shock Protein 70 In Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells During Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection, Tsehay Eshete Mekonnen

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Study On The Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules In Heart Development Of Chicken, Mee Kyeong Byeon

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Cell adhesion molecules mediate specific cell-cell interactions during embryogenesis and tissue formation. Among cell-cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), we have been particularly interested in the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) which is the prototypical member of the family of Ca++ -independent CAMs. Previous studies of NCAM cDNAs have revealed an alternatively spliced set of small exons (12A, 12B, 12C, 12D) that encode a region in the extracellular portion of the molecule known as the muscle specific domain (MSD). The entire MSD region can be expressed in skeletal muscle, heart, and skin; only exons 12A and 12D have been found in brain. …

Correlation Between Chromatid Deletion Production And Progression Of The Dna Replication Fork In Uv-Irradiated S Phase Xenopus Cells, Daniel M. Yoder, Jason M. Hiles, H. Gaston Griggs

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Experimentation was performed primarily to determine whether progression of the DNA replication fork along segments of S phase Xenopus chromosomes, which contain UV-induced pre-aberrational lesions, plays a significant role in conversion of these lesions into chromatid deletions. Specifically, a Xenopus chromosome that was both easy to identify and that possessed a single DNA replication fork in one arm was found and used to conduct the experimentation. This chromosome was exposed to UV in early S phase and a Bromodeoxyuridine/Giemsa differential staining technique was applied in conjunction with conventional aberrational techniques to correlate progression of the DNA replication fork through segments …

Outpatient Administration Of Paclitaxel, Siu Fun Wong

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Paclitaxel (Taxol®, Bristol-Meyers Squibb), anti neoplastic agent made from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, is undoubtedly one of the most exciting agents to be evaluated over the past decade. Paclitaxel has demonstrated significant promise against ovarian and metastatic breast cancer, and appears to be the most effective single agent to date for non-small-cell lung cancer in trials conducted by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG).

Maturation Modulates Both Synthesis And Degradation Of Cgmp In Ovine Vascular Smooth Muscle, Charles Ray White

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

Induction Of Cytotoxic Gene Expression During Rat Cardiac Allograft Rejection And The Effects Of Combination Low Dose Cyclosporine A/Methotrexate Immunosuppressive Therapy In Prolonging Graft Survival, Theresa Torres. Pizarro

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

Liver Lipids Profiles In Nude Mice Implanted Subcutaneously With Cells Of Human Prostate Adenocarcinoma Grade Iv, Lawrence M. Mwasi

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Liver lipid changes in male BALB-c nude mice due to subcutaneously implanted human prostate metastatic grade IV adenocarcinoma was studied. The prostate cancer cells were cultured in F12 plus 7.5% horse serum and 25% fetal calf serum medium. When they reached confluence, some of these cells were fixed with glutaraldehyde and thoroughly washed with buffer then 4 x107 cells were implanted into four mice. Four more mice were implanted with 4 x 106 viable, unfixed cells. Four uninjected mice served as controls. All the mice were sacrificed 18 days later. The total liver lipids (TLL) from each liver were extracted …

Development And Application Of A Thermistor Current Meter, Carl M. Way, Albert J. Burky, Christine Miller-Way

Biology Faculty Publications

This report provides details for the construction of a hot-bead thermistor current meter which is capable of measuring water velocities on a millimeter spatial scale and for the construction of a compact and accurate calibration system. Hot-bead thermistor current meters can be built with response times of 200 ms capable of measuring velocities between 0.1 and 80 cm s-1. The construction of a sturdy probe for application in lotic systems such as high gradient Hawaiian streams was achieved by the use of heavy-duty acrylic tubing, small stainless steel gas-chromatography tubing, and flexible Tygon spaghetti tubing. An acrylic handle anchors the …

Morphometric Analysis Of Enteric Lesions In C3h/Hen Mice Inoculated With Serpulina Hyodysenteriae Serotypes 2 And 4 With Or Without Oral Streptomycin Pretreatment, Jagannatha V. Mysore, Gerald Duhamel

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The segmental distribution and sequential progression and the role of the indigenous bacterial flora in the development of enteric lesions associated with Serpulina hyodysenteriae infection in laboratory mice have not been defined. We examined the distribution and sequential morphometric changes in the large intestine of mice orally inoculated with S. hyodysenteriae serotypes 2 and 4. To determine the role of colonization resistance conferred by the indigenous bacterial flora, 40 female C3H/HeN mice were administered water alone or water containing 5 mg/mL streptomycin sulfate ad libitum for seven days prior to orogastric inoculation either with S. hyodysenteriae or sterile trypticase soy …

Binding Of Matrix Attachment Regions To Lamin Polymers Involves Single-Stranded Regions And The Minor Groove., M. E. Eva Ludérus, Jan L. Den Blaauwen, Oncko J. De Smit, Duane A. Compton, Roel Van Driel

Dartmouth Scholarship

Chromatin in eukaryotic nuclei is thought to be partitioned into functional loop domains that are generated by the binding of defined DNA sequences, named MARs (matrix attachment regions), to the nuclear matrix. We have previously identified B-type lamins as MAR-binding matrix components (M. E. E. Ludérus, A. de Graaf, E. Mattia, J. L. den Blaauwen, M. A. Grande, L. de Jong, and R. van Driel, Cell 70:949-959, 1992). Here we show that A-type lamins and the structurally related proteins desmin and NuMA also specifically bind MARs in vitro. We studied the interaction between MARs and lamin polymers in molecular detail …