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Articles 1891 - 1920 of 1996
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Neurodegenerative Modeling: Tau Protein, Degradative Pathways, And Gene Expression Profiling Of Human Ipsc-Derived Neural Precursors And Differentiated 3-D Neural Sphere Versus 2-D Monolayer Cultures, Kyle H. Anthoney
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Human induced pluripotent stem cells offer a model for human brain development and disease by differentiation into brain organoids; however, current neural culture systems lack the microenvironment, neuronal circuits and connectivity, vascular circulation, and immune system that exist in vivo. After differentiation and development of neuronal and non-neuronal cell types within two formats of cell cultures, we can visualize and recapitulate in vivo protein accumulation, gene expression, and degradative processes such as autophagy. Using RNA extraction, purification methods and reverse transcription I compared traditional monolayer cultures and novel 3-D neural sphere cultures via gene expression analysis. This analysis indicated …
Integrating Oceanographic Research Into High School Curricula: Achieving Broader Impacts Through Systems Education Experiences Modules, Monica V. Orellana, Claudia Ludwig, Anne W. Thompson, Nitin S. Baliga
Integrating Oceanographic Research Into High School Curricula: Achieving Broader Impacts Through Systems Education Experiences Modules, Monica V. Orellana, Claudia Ludwig, Anne W. Thompson, Nitin S. Baliga
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
We describe a framework for incorporating cross-disciplinary oceanographic research into high school curriculum modules and discuss how this framework could be adopted broadly by ocean scientists to build cohesive broader impacts programs nested within individual oceanographic research programs.
Elucidating The Regulatory Mechanisms For The Cholesterol Catabolic Pathway Transcriptional Repressor Kstr Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Chenoa D. Arico
Elucidating The Regulatory Mechanisms For The Cholesterol Catabolic Pathway Transcriptional Repressor Kstr Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Chenoa D. Arico
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a bacterium that has been able to establish itself throughout evolution and is currently still an ever present threat resulting in approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. The ability for Mtb to utilize cholesterol as a carbon source is maintained through transcriptional regulation mechanisms not fully understood. The Rv3574 gene codes for the self-regulated TetR-like transcriptional repressor KstR that controls the expression of large clusters of cholesterol catabolic genes in Mtb. This study aims to provide insights on the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol catabolism, which could be used as therapeutic target to treat and control …
Sex Differences In The Mechanisms That Modulate The Neurochemical Effects Of Nicotine, Kevin Uribe
Sex Differences In The Mechanisms That Modulate The Neurochemical Effects Of Nicotine, Kevin Uribe
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Prior behavioral studies in our laboratory revealed that overexpression of the stress peptide, corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), in the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway enhanced the reinforcing effects of nicotine. The latter effect was greater in female versus male rats, suggesting that females are uniquely susceptible to the effects of stress on nicotine reinforcement. The goal of this dissertation was to examine the neurochemical mechanisms by which overexpression of CRF in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a terminal region of the mesocorticolimbic pathway, modulates the behavioral effects of nicotine. Specifically, we examined whether nicotine-induced dopamine levels are altered by CRF overexpression via excitatory (glutamate) …
Behavioral Ecology Of A Desert Ambush Predator: Assessing Movement Patterns, Habitat And Microhabitat Use, And The Innate Feeding Response Of Eastern Black-Tailed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus Ornatus) In The Northern Chihuahuan Desert, James Emerson
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Research on the ecology and evolution of rattlesnakes has been sporadic over the past 80 years, but has seen recent expansion into the diverse fields of physiology, physiological ecology, life history, behavioral ecology, ethology, reproductive biology, chemical ecology, venom biochemistry and medicine, conservation, and many other subdisciplines. The development of small, implantable VHF radiotransmitters in the 1980s revolutionized research in the field of behavioral ecology for rattlesnakes, which are uniquely suited for radiotelemetry studies because they possess several morphological, physiological, and behavioral characteristics that are unique among terrestrial vertebrates. The widespread application of radiotelemetry by the mid-1980s advanced the model …
Region-Specific Modifications Of Synaptic Proteins In Response To Early-Life Adversity In The Rat Brain, Jameel Nasser Hamdan
Region-Specific Modifications Of Synaptic Proteins In Response To Early-Life Adversity In The Rat Brain, Jameel Nasser Hamdan
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Drug addiction is a serious condition affecting approximately 19.7 million people in the United States alone (SAMHSA 2018). Exposure to stress and other adverse conditions has been shown to impact drug-taking behavior and making individuals more vulnerable to addiction. In those already suffering from addiction, abstaining from drug use often gives way to relapse after a stressful event (Lu, Shepard et al. 2003; Shaham, Erb et al. 2000). The experience of adversity during early-life can cause long-lasting changes in the brain, affecting development, behavior, learning and memory, and critical thinking processes, which may persist into adulthood (Aisa, Tordera et al. …
Isolation And Characterization Of Α-Gal-Containing Extracellular Vesicles (Evs) From Three Major Genotypes Of Trypanosoma Cruzi: Potential Biomarkers Of Chagas Disease, Nasim Karimi Hosseini
Isolation And Characterization Of Α-Gal-Containing Extracellular Vesicles (Evs) From Three Major Genotypes Of Trypanosoma Cruzi: Potential Biomarkers Of Chagas Disease, Nasim Karimi Hosseini
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Chagas disease (ChD) is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. It is transmitted by the insect-vector triatomine (popular known as kissing bug), blood transfusion, organ transplantation, congenitally, and contaminated foods and juices. T. cruzi has evolved several strategies to invade the host cells, including the release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist pathogen survival and its replication within the host. T. cruzi is covered with highly glycosylated surface molecules such as glycoproteins and glycolipids, which are shown to be involved in the interaction with host immune cells. These molecules are highly immunogenic and reactive with …
Insights Into The Structure, Pharmacology, And Evolution Of The Glycine Transporter 2, Ashley Bryan Lopez
Insights Into The Structure, Pharmacology, And Evolution Of The Glycine Transporter 2, Ashley Bryan Lopez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system is vital for survival. Overexcitation can be toxic and lead to certain manias or even death. On the other hand, extremely low levels of inhibition cause hyperekplexia, pain, and even forms of autism. Neuronal inhibition is, for the most part, achieved by two neurotransmitters, GABA and glycine. Levels of both neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft are meticulously regulated by the GABA and glycine transporters, respectively, which belong to the solute carrier 6 (SLC6) family of neurotransmitter transporters and share structural similarities with other family members. In Chapter 1, …
An Analysis And Representation In An Atlas Reference Space Of Putative Appositions From Neurons Expressing Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone With Neurons Expressing Hypocretin/Orexin Or Melanin-Concentrating Hormone, Vanessa Inez Navarro
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
The hypothalamus is a brain structure at the center of a variety of regulatory functions that have been explored by scientists and clinicians for almost a century. Among these functions, metabolic regulation and the control of appetitive behaviors have been fields of intensive research. Some of the major neural substrates involved in the hypothalamic control of feeding and the regulation of metabolic state include neuronal populations that express the neuropeptides alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and hypocretin/orexin (H/O). αMSH has been characterized in part as an anorexigenic peptide, while MCH and H/O have been characterized as having orexigenic …
Distributions Of Axons Immunoreactive For Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone And Neurons Immunoreactive For Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase In The Hypothalamus Of The Adult Male Rat: An Analysis Of Interactions And Their Representation In An Atlas Reference Space, Eduardo Peru
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
In the present study, we have provided two sets of high spatial-resolution maps for neuronal populations containing the immunoreactive presence of the key feeding-related peptides hypocretin/orexin (H/O), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) and the nitric oxide-producing enzyme, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). These were mapped across the mediolateral and dorsoventral extents of the hypothalamus in the Swanson rat brain atlas, from levels 23–30. The first set of these maps are of the chemoarchitectural distributions for each of the neuronal populations mentioned, which are novel in two ways. First, they were generated across multiple animals to serve as the basis for probability …
Identification Of Interkingdom Interactions Of Cryptococcus Neoformans In Pigeon Excreta Using Next Generation Sequencing, Marlynn Cadena
Identification Of Interkingdom Interactions Of Cryptococcus Neoformans In Pigeon Excreta Using Next Generation Sequencing, Marlynn Cadena
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated fungus with worldwide distribution and associated with pigeon excreta. C. neoformans causes pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompromised populations, which results in high mortality. C. neoformans main virulence factor is its polysaccharide capsule that confers the fungus with the ability to form biofilms. Interkingdom interactions can have a positive, neutral or negative effect on C. neoformans in relation to its virulence and/or pathogenicity. C. neoformans survival within polymicrobial and other challenging communities has been shown to affect the evolution of its virulence factors. For example, the size of C. neoformans polysaccharide capsule is modulated during interactions with …
Disentangling Resource Acquisition From Interspecific Behavioral Aggression To Understand The Ecological Dominance Of A Common, Widespread Temperate Forest Ant, Robert Warren
Biology Faculty Datasets
No abstract provided.
Cellular And Molecular Mechanism Underlying Alcohol Inhibition Of Bone Fracture Healing, Jonathan Michael Eby
Cellular And Molecular Mechanism Underlying Alcohol Inhibition Of Bone Fracture Healing, Jonathan Michael Eby
Dissertations
Alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk taking and injuries leading to bone fracture. During bone fracture repair mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located at the site of injury differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts to form a fracture callus. While most fractures heal without complication, studies show that alcohol abuse can lead to delayed fracture healing and fracture callus formation in both people and animals. Despite what is known about alcohol consumption in pre-injury pathologies like osteopenia and osteoporosis, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which alcohol consumption inhibits fracture callus formation following orthopaedic injury remain to be elucidated. Here, we …
Investigating Dispersal Ability To Infer Diversification In The Birds Of Madagascar, Robert D. Lauer
Investigating Dispersal Ability To Infer Diversification In The Birds Of Madagascar, Robert D. Lauer
Master's Theses
The objective of this study was to investigate whether dispersal ability, as measured by a proxy of hand-wing index 2, influenced diversification of the birds of Madagascar at two scales. Madagascar is home to several avian lineages that have diversified greatly while other lineages are only represented by a single species. a key question in evolutionary biology is why some of these lineages diversified while others did not. One way to address this is to examine what features of these lineages promotes their diversification. Recent studies have focused on the relative importance of dispersal ability to diversification at the continental …
The Amphibians And Reptiles Of Colima, Mexico, With A Summary Of Their Conservation Status, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith, Leland J. S. Pierce, Charles W. Painter
The Amphibians And Reptiles Of Colima, Mexico, With A Summary Of Their Conservation Status, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith, Leland J. S. Pierce, Charles W. Painter
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Checklist Of The Amphibians And Reptiles Of Sinaloa, Mexico With A Conservation Status Summary And Comparisons With Neighboring States, Geoffrey R. Smith, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal
A Checklist Of The Amphibians And Reptiles Of Sinaloa, Mexico With A Conservation Status Summary And Comparisons With Neighboring States, Geoffrey R. Smith, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Conservation Checklist Of The Herpetofauna Of Morelos, With Comparisons With Adjoining States, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith
A Conservation Checklist Of The Herpetofauna Of Morelos, With Comparisons With Adjoining States, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Conservation Checklist Of The Amphibians And Reptiles Of Mexico City, With Comparisons With Adjoining States, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith
A Conservation Checklist Of The Amphibians And Reptiles Of Mexico City, With Comparisons With Adjoining States, Julio A. Lemos-Espinal, Geoffrey R. Smith
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Biodegradation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Commonly Found In Coal Slurry Using White Rot Fungi Isolated From East Kalimantan, Retno Wulandari
Biodegradation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Commonly Found In Coal Slurry Using White Rot Fungi Isolated From East Kalimantan, Retno Wulandari
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Fifty specimens of white-rot fungi were identified and placed into 6 families and 30 species. Two new records of resupinate fungi (Basidiomycota) were discovered and reported for Indonesia: Ceriporia inflata and Ceriporia lacerata. Furthermore, a four-step screening protocol to select WRF has been conducted. These stepwise protocols have selected Trametes polyzona PBURU 12 based on its superior performance among the 30 isolates tested in this experiment with laccase as the major LMEs produced. Plackett-Burman’s design was used for screening multiple factors at a time. The result suggested that the highest positive effects influencing laccase production by PBURU 12 were glucose, …
Gonadal Sex Differentiation Of Rice Field Frog Hoplobatrachus Rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1834), Thrissawan Traijitt
Gonadal Sex Differentiation Of Rice Field Frog Hoplobatrachus Rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1834), Thrissawan Traijitt
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
The rice field frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus, a species widely distributed in Thailand, has potential to be a model in many fields of research. A preliminary study demonstrated that the gonadal differentiation in this frog showed tendency to be an undifferentiated type since all individuals had ovaries at complete metamorphosis. However, the information was still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the chronology and pattern of gonadal sex differentiation as well as steroidogenic potential of gonadal tissues during development. The frog embryos were obtained by stimulating fertilization in laboratory under natural light and temperature conditions. Their developmental stage was identified …
Can The Carbon And Nitrogen Isotope Values Of Offspring Be Used As A Proxy For Their Mother's Diet? Using Foetal Physiology To Interpret Bulk Tissue And Amino Acid Δ15N Values, Nico Lübcker, John P. Whiteman, Seth D. Newsome, Robert P. Millar, P.J. Nico De Bruyn
Can The Carbon And Nitrogen Isotope Values Of Offspring Be Used As A Proxy For Their Mother's Diet? Using Foetal Physiology To Interpret Bulk Tissue And Amino Acid Δ15N Values, Nico Lübcker, John P. Whiteman, Seth D. Newsome, Robert P. Millar, P.J. Nico De Bruyn
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The measurement of bulk tissue nitrogen (δ15N) and carbon isotope values (δ13C) chronologically along biologically inert tissues sampled from offspring can provide a longitudinal record of their mothers' foraging habits. This study tested the important assumption that mother-offspring stable isotope values are positively and linearly correlated. In addition, any change in the mother-offspring bulk tissues and individual amino acids that occurred during gestation was investigated. Whiskers sampled from southern elephant seal pups (Mirounga leonina) and temporally overlapping whiskers from their mothers were analyzed. This included n = 1895 chronologically subsampled whisker segments for bulk …
Changes In Prey Mortality: The Efects Of Multiple Predators And Temperature On California Mussels, Wesley Hull
Changes In Prey Mortality: The Efects Of Multiple Predators And Temperature On California Mussels, Wesley Hull
Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects
Organisms serve as prey to a variety of predators within natural systems, detecting threats through physical and chemical means. While predator feeding behavior is also affected by the presence of other predators, it is unclear whether differing modes of detection have similar effects on predator feeding behavior. In rocky intertidal zones in northern California, the California mussel (Mytilus californianus) is a competitively dominant foundation species consumed by a variety of predators. I quantified the individual and combined effects of ochre star (Pisaster ochraceus) and rock crab (Romaleon antennarium) predation on mussels by implementing mussel …
School Of Biological Sciences News, 2020-2021, School Of Biological Sciences
School Of Biological Sciences News, 2020-2021, School Of Biological Sciences
School of Biological Sciences News
Alumni newsletter of Illinois State University's School of Biological Sciences.
Dynamic Terminal Investment In Male Burying Beetles, Paige A. Farchmin, Anne-Katrin Eggert, Kristin R. Duffield, Scott K. Sakaluk
Dynamic Terminal Investment In Male Burying Beetles, Paige A. Farchmin, Anne-Katrin Eggert, Kristin R. Duffield, Scott K. Sakaluk
Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences
The dynamic terminal investment threshold model posits that the propensity of an individual to terminally invest in response to an immediate survival threat, such as an infection, depends on other factors that alter an individual's residual reproductive value. Here, we explore the potential for dynamic terminal investment in burying beetles, insects that inter small vertebrate carcasses as the sole source of food for their offspring and that exhibit extensive biparental care. We injected males at two different ages with heat-killed bacteria and measured their reproductive output, predicting that immune-challenged males would show a longer period of parental care, consume less …
Metabolic Profiling Reveals Biochemical Pathways Responsible For Eelgrass Response To Elevated Co2 And Temperature, Carmen C. Zayas-Santiago, Albert Rivas-Ubach, Li-Jung Kuo, Nicholas D. Ward, Richard C. Zimmerman
Metabolic Profiling Reveals Biochemical Pathways Responsible For Eelgrass Response To Elevated Co2 And Temperature, Carmen C. Zayas-Santiago, Albert Rivas-Ubach, Li-Jung Kuo, Nicholas D. Ward, Richard C. Zimmerman
OES Faculty Publications
As CO2 levels in Earth’s atmosphere and oceans steadily rise, varying organismal responses may produce ecological losers and winners. Increased ocean CO2 can enhance seagrass productivity and thermal tolerance, providing some compensation for climate warming. However, the metabolic shifts driving the positive response to elevated CO2 by these important ecosystem engineers remain unknown. We analyzed whole-plant performance and metabolic profiles of two geographically distinct eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) populations in response to CO2 enrichment. In addition to enhancing overall plant size, growth and survival, CO2 enrichment increased the abundance of Calvin Cycle and …
Comparing Water Quality For Aquaponics Systems With Different Solids Removal Methods And Biofilter Media, And Effluent Output To Grow Beds, John W. Cutt, Heather M. Joesting, Brigette A. Brinton
Comparing Water Quality For Aquaponics Systems With Different Solids Removal Methods And Biofilter Media, And Effluent Output To Grow Beds, John W. Cutt, Heather M. Joesting, Brigette A. Brinton
Honors College Theses
Aquaponics is a closed-loop, sustainable method of food production that combines fish and plant production. This method of agriculture has the potential to bring fresh, local food to food-insecure areas, but challenges remain due to high operating costs. In order to develop a strong aquaponics industry, the creation of the most efficient system designs will be critical in optimizing production. This study’s purpose was to compare water quality between two aquaponics system designs that differ in filtration and solid removal methods. System 1 used a sock filter for solid removal and Kaldnes media for biofiltration while System 2 used a …
Using Phytoglycogen-Based Nanoparticles To Enhance Inosine Monophsophate Delivery Using Rainbow Trout And Bovine Models, Kristof Jenik
Using Phytoglycogen-Based Nanoparticles To Enhance Inosine Monophsophate Delivery Using Rainbow Trout And Bovine Models, Kristof Jenik
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Recently, there has been interest in the use of nucleotides in industrials feeds, with inosine monophosphate showing the most promising effects on growth and immunity. Rainbow trout and Alberta cattle are two of Canadas most profitable farmed animals, if their growth rates and immunity could be enhanced this would further improve their value. The impacts of IMP, a phytoglycogen-based nanoparticle (NP) and inosine monophosphate cationically bound to the phytoglycogen-based nanoparticle (IMP-NP) were characterized in rainbow trout in vivo and in vitro and in vitro in bovine cells. Rainbow trout that were fed an IMP-NP containing feed on average had higher …
Impacts Of Transportation Infrastructure On Water Quality, Sediment Loads, And Fishing Opportunities In The Gwich’In Settlement Area, Northwest Territories, Matthew Teillet
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
The addition of gravel sediment to build ferry landings on the Peel and Mackenzie Rivers has been an ongoing concern for the Gwich’in communities of Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic that depend on the rivers for their livelihoods. Specifically, there are concerns that gravel from ferry landings is degrading water quality, harming fishing opportunities, and altering river morphology downstream. Previous reports concluded that ferry operations were not impacting downstream ecology. However, past studies had methodological shortcomings and community concerns about the ferry landings remain. To study the impact of the gravel landings on water quality, I utilized a multidisciplinary study design …
Effects And Modes Of Action Of Exogenous Androgens On Gonadal Steroidogenesis In Male Mummichog (Fundulus Heteroclitus), Robert Rutherford
Effects And Modes Of Action Of Exogenous Androgens On Gonadal Steroidogenesis In Male Mummichog (Fundulus Heteroclitus), Robert Rutherford
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Androgens are a recognized class of endocrine disrupting compounds that are introduced into the aquatic environment through a variety of anthropogenic sources. Exogenous androgens can interact with the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in fish and alter its normal function, resulting in effects such as skewed sex ratios, intersex individuals, reduced fecundity, or altered mating behaviours. In fish, these apical effects are commonly correlated to depression of the terminal sex hormones testosterone, 17β-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone (11KT). It is currently thought that the reduction in plasma sex hormones is an effect of negative feedback inhibition of steroid synthesis within the HPG axis after …
Assessing Threats And Mitigation For Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia Robusta) In Southwestern Ontario, Kayla Salive
Assessing Threats And Mitigation For Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia Robusta) In Southwestern Ontario, Kayla Salive
Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)
Scarlet Ammannia (Ammannia robusta) is an annual emergent wetland plant of the Lythraceae family. Throughout most of its distribution, the species population is stable under present conditions. However, this is not the case in Canada, where A. robusta is considered endangered with only a few small populations documented in British Columbia and Ontario. In response, a recovery strategy was created for A. robusta outlining the lack of information on the species biology and ecology, with a primary objective to assess the populations in Ontario and gain information on what may be contributing to the species rarity. To assess …