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2020

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Articles 1861 - 1890 of 1996

Full-Text Articles in Biology

Tick-Borne Flavivirus Inhibits Sphingomyelinase (Issmase), A Venomous Spider Ortholog To Increase Sphingomyelin Lipid Levels For Its Survival In Ixodes Scapularis Ticks, Pravesh Regmi, Supreet Khanal, Girish Neelakanta, Hameda Sultana Jan 2020

Tick-Borne Flavivirus Inhibits Sphingomyelinase (Issmase), A Venomous Spider Ortholog To Increase Sphingomyelin Lipid Levels For Its Survival In Ixodes Scapularis Ticks, Pravesh Regmi, Supreet Khanal, Girish Neelakanta, Hameda Sultana

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Our previous study showed that cells from medically important arthropods, such as ticks, secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes that mediate transmission of flavivirus RNA and proteins to the human cells. Understanding the molecular determinants and mechanism(s) of arthropod-borne flavivirus transmission via exosome biogenesis is very important. In this current study, we showed that in the presence of tick-borne Langat Virus (LGTV; a member of tick-borne encephalitis virus complex), the expression of arthropod IsSMase, a sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of substrates like sphingomyelin (SM) lipids, was significantly reduced in both Ixodes scapularis ticks (in vivo) …

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Discovery Of Exosomes From Tick Saliva And Salivary Glands Reveals Therapeutic Roles For Cxcl12 And Il-8 In Wound Healing At The Tick-Human Skin Interface, Wenshuo Zhou, Faizan Tahir, Joseph Che-Yen Wang, Michael Woodson, Michael B. Sherman, Shahid Karim, Girish Neelakanta, Hameeda Sultana Jan 2020

Discovery Of Exosomes From Tick Saliva And Salivary Glands Reveals Therapeutic Roles For Cxcl12 And Il-8 In Wound Healing At The Tick-Human Skin Interface, Wenshuo Zhou, Faizan Tahir, Joseph Che-Yen Wang, Michael Woodson, Michael B. Sherman, Shahid Karim, Girish Neelakanta, Hameeda Sultana

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Ticks secrete various anti-coagulatory, anti-vasoconstrictory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-platelet aggregation factors in their saliva at the bite site during feeding to evade host immunological surveillance and responses. For the first time, we report successful isolation of exosomes (small membrane-bound extracellular signaling vesicles) from saliva and salivary glands of partially fed or unfed ixodid ticks. Our data showed a novel role of these in vivo exosomes in the inhibition of wound healing via downregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and upregulation of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis revealed that tick saliva and salivary glands are composed of heterogeneous populations …

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Abiotic Conditions, Algal Biomass & Fish Growth Rates Affect Fish Mercury Concentrations In Two Subarctic Lakes, Ari Yamaguchi Jan 2020

Abiotic Conditions, Algal Biomass & Fish Growth Rates Affect Fish Mercury Concentrations In Two Subarctic Lakes, Ari Yamaguchi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Kakisa Lake and Tathlina Lake, located in the Dehcho Region of the Northwest Territories, support important fisheries for the local Ka’a’gee Tu First Nation (KTFN). Recently, Walleye (Sander vitreus) of typical catch size in Tathlina Lake were found to have mercury concentrations above Health Canada’s commercial sale guideline of 0.5 ppm. Wild foods with elevated mercury concentrations can pose health risks to the humans who consume them, depending on consumption amounts and vulnerability factors such as age and pregnancy. Because wild fish can accumulate relatively high mercury levels and subsistence fishing contributes greatly to food security in northern …

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Boreal Subarctic Lake Water Quality, Zooplankton Communities, And Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities In Areas Impacted By Wildfire, Thomas J. Pretty Jan 2020

Boreal Subarctic Lake Water Quality, Zooplankton Communities, And Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities In Areas Impacted By Wildfire, Thomas J. Pretty

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Wildfires are a natural phenomenon in the boreal forest, but recent studies suggest that there will be increases in the frequency and severity of fires in this region over the next century. When wildfires occur in lake catchments, they may affect water quality and invertebrate communities living in associated lakes. Invertebrates, including zooplankton and benthic invertebrates, play important roles in aquatic food webs, acting as conduits of energy from primary producers to larger organisms such as fish and water birds. Therefore, it is important to understand how these groups will respond to changes caused by fires. Unfortunately, few studies have …

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Can Zooplankton On The North American Great Plains ‘Keep Up’ With Climate-Driven Salinity Change?, Mariam Elmarsafy Jan 2020

Can Zooplankton On The North American Great Plains ‘Keep Up’ With Climate-Driven Salinity Change?, Mariam Elmarsafy

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The Great Plains of North America are projected to become more arid as the climate changes over the next century. Salinity levels for lakes in this region are linked to climate, suggesting that lakes will become more saline as the climate becomes drier. One group of organisms that might be affected by increased salinity levels are the zooplankton, aquatic invertebrates that transfer energy from primary producers to macroinvertebrates and fish. Little is known about the ability of zooplankton to adapt to long-term increases in lake salinity levels. For my thesis, I used resurrection ecology to examine how a common zooplankter, …

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The Role Of Streptococci In Oral Periodontitis: Growth And Disruption Of Yellow Complex Bacteria, Megan Gordon Jan 2020

The Role Of Streptococci In Oral Periodontitis: Growth And Disruption Of Yellow Complex Bacteria, Megan Gordon

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Periodontitis is described as the inflammation of the periodontium and affects millions of people worldwide. This disease is caused by biofilm growth of certain bacteria on the tooth surface, adjacent to the gum tissue in the oral cavity. There are currently treatments against severe periodontitis, such as oral surgery and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, but they fail to target the specific bacteria associated with periodontitis. Socransky et al., (1998), identified the preponderance for specific organisms in distinct areas of the subgingival pockets to associate with different bacteria forming consortia and complexes. The yellow complex, containing facultatively anaerobic, Gram positive …

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A Simple, Inexpensive Method For Mark-Recapture Of Ixodid Ticks, Alexis White, Robin Minch, Lindsey Bidder, Holly Gaff Jan 2020

A Simple, Inexpensive Method For Mark-Recapture Of Ixodid Ticks, Alexis White, Robin Minch, Lindsey Bidder, Holly Gaff

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Mark-recapture techniques have been widely used and specialized to study organisms throughout the field of biology. To mark-recapture ticks (Ixodida), we have created a simple method to mark ticks using nail polish applied with an insect pin secured in a pencil that allows for a variety of questions to be answered. For measuring tick control efficacy, estimating population estimates, or measuring movement of ticks, this inexpensive mark-recapture method has been easily applied in the field and in the lab to provide useful data to answer a variety of questions about ticks.

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The Natural History Of The Marsh Rice Rat, Oryzomys Palustris, In Eastern Virginia, Robert K. Rose Jan 2020

The Natural History Of The Marsh Rice Rat, Oryzomys Palustris, In Eastern Virginia, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris, is a common rodent in tidal marshes of eastern Virginia, including those on the barrier islands. It also is present in grassy old fields in upland habitats in the coastal plain and parts of the piedmont of Virginia. This report summarizes what has been learned in recent decades about the population biology of this species in Virginia, including aspects of behavior, density, diet, distribution, genetics, habitats, mammal associates, and reproduction.

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A Survey Of The Reptiles And Amphibians At The University Of Georgia Costa Rica Field Station In San Luis De Monteverde, Costa Rica, John David Curlis, Elliot Convery Fisher, W. Kody Muhic, James Moy, Martha Garro-Cruz, José Joaquín Montero-Ramírez Jan 2020

A Survey Of The Reptiles And Amphibians At The University Of Georgia Costa Rica Field Station In San Luis De Monteverde, Costa Rica, John David Curlis, Elliot Convery Fisher, W. Kody Muhic, James Moy, Martha Garro-Cruz, José Joaquín Montero-Ramírez

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Reptiles and amphibians are experiencing declines across the globe. In Monteverde, Costa Rica, these declines and their underlying causes have been relatively well studied since the early 1990s, and many protected areas have been set aside to conserve these species. However, thorough surveys of the herpetofaunal diversity in these areas have been scarce over the last 20 years. We conducted a survey of all reptile and amphibian species at the University of Georgia Costa Rica (UGACR), a field station in San Luis de Monteverde. Herein, we present an annotated checklist of the 48 species (35 reptiles and 13 amphibians) that …

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Translating Globally Threatened Marine Species Information Into Regional Guidance For The Gulf Of Mexico, Kyle Strongin, Beth Polidoro, Christi Linardich, Gina Ralph, Kent Carpenter Jan 2020

Translating Globally Threatened Marine Species Information Into Regional Guidance For The Gulf Of Mexico, Kyle Strongin, Beth Polidoro, Christi Linardich, Gina Ralph, Kent Carpenter

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A comprehensive understanding of the status of marine organisms in the Gulf of Mexico is critical to the conservation and improved management of marine biodiversity in the region. Threats and extinction risk, based on application of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria at the global level, were analyzed for 1,300 Gulf of Mexico marine species. These species include all known marine mammals, sea birds, marine reptiles, cartilaginous fishes, bony shorefishes, corals, mangroves, seagrasses and complete clades of select invertebrates. Analyses showed that 6% of these species are threatened, 2% Near Threatened, 9% Data Deficient, and 83% Least Concern. However, …

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Ecosystem Services And Disservices Of Mangrove Forests And Salt Marshes, Daniel A. Friess, Erik S. Yando, Jahson B. Alemu I, Lynn-Wei Wong, Sasha D. Soto, Natasha Bhatia, S. J. Hawkins (Ed.), A. L. Allcock (Ed.), A. E. Bates (Ed.), A.J. Evans (Ed.), L. B. Firth (Ed.), C. D. Mcquaid (Ed.), B. D. Russell (Ed.), I. P. Smith (Ed.), S. E. Swearer (Ed.), P. A. Todd (Ed.) Jan 2020

Ecosystem Services And Disservices Of Mangrove Forests And Salt Marshes, Daniel A. Friess, Erik S. Yando, Jahson B. Alemu I, Lynn-Wei Wong, Sasha D. Soto, Natasha Bhatia, S. J. Hawkins (Ed.), A. L. Allcock (Ed.), A. E. Bates (Ed.), A.J. Evans (Ed.), L. B. Firth (Ed.), C. D. Mcquaid (Ed.), B. D. Russell (Ed.), I. P. Smith (Ed.), S. E. Swearer (Ed.), P. A. Todd (Ed.)

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Coastal wetlands such as mangrove forests and salt marshes provide a range of important benefits to people, broadly defined as ecosystem services. These include provisioning services such as fuelwood and food, regulating services such as carbon sequestration and wave attenuation, and various tangible and intangible cultural services. However, strong negative perceptions of coastal wetlands also exist, often driven by the perceived or actual ecosystem disservices that they also produce. These can include odour, a sense of danger, and their real or perceived role in vector and disease transmission (e.g. malaria). This review provides an introduction to the ecosystem services and …

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Evaluation Of The Use Of Alternative Biomarkers As Indicators Of Post-Release Mortality In Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus Limbatus), Casey L. Zender Jan 2020

Evaluation Of The Use Of Alternative Biomarkers As Indicators Of Post-Release Mortality In Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus Limbatus), Casey L. Zender

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The release of sharks caught in recreational fisheries or as by-catch in non-target commercial fisheries is generally regarded as a sustainable fishing approach. However, post-release mortality can occur in these fish due to physiological damage sustained during capture. It is important to determine the amount of mortality specifically attributed to capture so losses can be accounted for in population management practices. Previous studies have used electronic tagging and/or measurement of secondary stress indicators in plasma (e.g., pH, levels of lactate, glucose, pCO2) to estimate rates of post-release mortality. These methods may not always be the best approaches, as …

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Synaptic Plasticity In A Visual Cortical Region Induced By Early-Deafness, John M. Kay Jan 2020

Synaptic Plasticity In A Visual Cortical Region Induced By Early-Deafness, John M. Kay

Theses and Dissertations

When organisms learn and adapt to their environment or lose a sensory modality, neurons in the brain undergo a cellular process called ‘plasticity.’ This thesis explores the loss of a non- visual system (early deafness) and how it can affect visual plasticity. To examine this question, Golgi-stained cortical neurons were studied from the visual region PLLS from early-deaf cats and their hearing controls. Dendritic spine density and dendritic spine diameter are well-known indicators of synaptic plasticity and these neuronal features were measured using light microscopic techniques and Neurolucida. Within the visual PLLS, the mean spine density for the deaf cats …

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The Functional Importance Of Methyl Cpg Binding Domain Proteins 2 And 3 In Regulating Fetal Hemoglobin Expression In Human Adult Erythroid Cells, Alexander Azzo Jan 2020

The Functional Importance Of Methyl Cpg Binding Domain Proteins 2 And 3 In Regulating Fetal Hemoglobin Expression In Human Adult Erythroid Cells, Alexander Azzo

Theses and Dissertations

Humans undergo two developmental switches in the predominantly expressed β-like globin chain during embryogenesis and fetal development. The first switch from embryonic (ε) to fetal (γ) occurs around week 5 of embryonic development, while the second switch from fetal to adult (β) globin occurs shortly after birth. By adulthood, fetal hemoglobin represents only 1-2% of total hemoglobin in the blood. As sufficiently elevated levels of fetal hemoglobin are beneficial for improving clinical outcomes in sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, the mechanisms that enforce silencing of fetal hemoglobin expression postnatally are of great clinical significance. The methyl-CpG binding domain protein MBD2 …

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The Influence Of Breeding Density On Female Aggression, Parental Care, And Ornamentation In A Secondary-Cavity Nesting Warbler, Elsa B. Chen Jan 2020

The Influence Of Breeding Density On Female Aggression, Parental Care, And Ornamentation In A Secondary-Cavity Nesting Warbler, Elsa B. Chen

Theses and Dissertations

Tradeoffs between individual survival and reproductive success associated with aggressive behaviors are a driving force of evolution, but these tradeoffs are often overlooked for aggressive conspecific interactions between females. For avian males, it is well documented that more aggressive individuals tend to provide less parental care. In the few studies that address this in females, the tradeoffs seem to be more context-dependent, varying due to factors such as predation pressure and habitat quality. The relationship between female ornamentation and aggression is similarly understudied, but evidence suggests that both aggression and ornamentation are important traits involved in social selection – the …

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A Study On The Mechanism Of Clp290 Restoration Of Kcc2 And Neuroprotection After Traumatic Brain Injury, Ekaterina Stepanova Jan 2020

A Study On The Mechanism Of Clp290 Restoration Of Kcc2 And Neuroprotection After Traumatic Brain Injury, Ekaterina Stepanova

Theses and Dissertations

The research of this thesis investigated the mechanism of action for the therapeutic compound CLP290, which our laboratory has previously demonstrated to reverse degradation of the protein potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) and restore neuronal function following modeled traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat. The loss of membranous KCC2 from the plasma membrane after TBI worsens the excitation/inhibition imbalance common in neurotrauma. Addressed here were the specific aims to: 1) assess that CLP290 treatment restores the functional oligomeric form of KCC2 to the neuronal plasma membrane as necessary to provide chloride homeostasis; 2) investigate the signaling mechanism by which CLP290 …

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Sphingolipids In Cancer Health Disparities And As Prospective Targets For Cancer Therapy, April E. Boyd Jan 2020

Sphingolipids In Cancer Health Disparities And As Prospective Targets For Cancer Therapy, April E. Boyd

Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer both in the United States and worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. However, lung cancer disparities are not shared equally across racial groups, with large differences between African American and Caucasian populations. Advances in research have revealed roles of lipid mediators in cancer biology and disease progression, but sphingolipid alterations in tissues should be explored further. To address this, using mass spectrometry (MS), extensive sphingolipidomic characterization of NSCLC tumors and adjacent uninvolved tissues from African American and Caucasian patients were performed. This study revealed that NSCLC …

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Plasticity And The Impact Of Increasing Temperature On A Tropical Ectotherm, Adam A. Rosso Jan 2020

Plasticity And The Impact Of Increasing Temperature On A Tropical Ectotherm, Adam A. Rosso

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Organisms may respond to climate change through behavior, genetic adaptation, and/or phenotypic plasticity. Tropical ectotherms are thought to be especially vulnerable to climate change because most have a narrow range of thermal tolerance while living close to their upper thermal tolerance limits. Additionally, many tropical species live in closed-canopy forests, which provide homogenous thermal landscapes that prevent behavioral compensation for stressfully warm temperatures. Finally, tropical ectotherms are thought to have decreased capacity for phenotypic plasticity because they have evolved in thermally stable environments. We tested gene expression patterns and phenotypic plasticity in the Panamanian slender anole by a) measuring changes …

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Close Quarters: Seasonal Cestode-Microbe Interactions Within The Guts Of Two North American Sorex Shrew Species, Timothy L. Odom Jr Jan 2020

Close Quarters: Seasonal Cestode-Microbe Interactions Within The Guts Of Two North American Sorex Shrew Species, Timothy L. Odom Jr

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The mammalian gut microbiome has shown to be essential to host fitness and health assisting in both nutrient acquisition from diet as well as protection from pathogens and can include beneficial bacteria as well as parasites such as helminths and protozoans. In this study, I analyzed the cestode and bacterial communities found in the intestines of two North American species of shrew, Sorex monticola and Sorex cinereus. Specimens were collected approximately every three weeks from May to October during 2016 and 2017 as well as during April and May of 2018 and September of 2009 from the Sangre de …

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Predator-Based Selection And The Impact Of Edge Sympatry On Components Of Coralsnake Mimicry, Lauren E. Wilson Jan 2020

Predator-Based Selection And The Impact Of Edge Sympatry On Components Of Coralsnake Mimicry, Lauren E. Wilson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Studying warning coloration and mimicry is an effective way to understand predator-driven selection and phenotypic diversity. The presence (sympatry) or absence (allopatry) of a toxic model plays a role in shaping mimetic phenotypes. However, the impact of edge sympatry and allopatry on predation of mimetic phenotypes is not well understood. We studied coralsnake mimicry to test how edge sympatry and allopatry affect predation on mimetic phenotypes. Specifically, we tested 1) if overall attack rates varied with edge sympatry of coralsnakes 2) which color patterns conferred a fitness advantage 3) which specific mimetic signal components are important in driving predatory attacks …

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Genetic Alterations In B Cell Lymphoma Subtypes As Potential Biomarkers For Noninvasive Diagnosis, Prognosis, Therapy, And Disease Monitoring, Esra Esmeray, Can Küçük Jan 2020

Genetic Alterations In B Cell Lymphoma Subtypes As Potential Biomarkers For Noninvasive Diagnosis, Prognosis, Therapy, And Disease Monitoring, Esra Esmeray, Can Küçük

Turkish Journal of Biology

Neoplastic transformation of germinal center B (GCB) cells may give rise to a variety of different B cell lymphoma subtypes, most of which show substantial heterogeneity in terms of genetic alterations and clinical features. The mutations observed in cancer-related genes in GCB cells are related to abnormalities in the immunogenetic mechanisms associated with germinal center reaction. Recent studies have rapidly identified genomic alterations in B cell lymphomas that may be useful for better subclassification, noninvasive diagnosis, and prediction of response to therapy. The WHO recognizes different lymphoma subsets classified within 2 major categories of B cell lymphoma: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) …

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Doxorubicin Inhibits Mir-140 Expression And Upregulates Pd-L1 Expression In Hct116 Cells, Opposite To Its Effects On Mda-Mb-231 Cells, Noel Mopouguini Naba, Nazi̇fe Tolay, Mehmet Batu Erman, Ayça Sayi Yazgan Jan 2020

Doxorubicin Inhibits Mir-140 Expression And Upregulates Pd-L1 Expression In Hct116 Cells, Opposite To Its Effects On Mda-Mb-231 Cells, Noel Mopouguini Naba, Nazi̇fe Tolay, Mehmet Batu Erman, Ayça Sayi Yazgan

Turkish Journal of Biology

One of the most challenging problems in colorectal cancer (CRC) is resistance to chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). The programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is related to chemoresistance and is overexpressed in several human cancer cell types. Here, we investigated the changes in the expression of PD-L1 in DOX-treated CRC and breast cancer (BRC) cells. Also, to address PD-L1 regulation, we assessed expression levels of miR-140 and miR-34a, two microRNAs that can target the 3' UTR region of the gene encoding PD-L1. HCT116 CRC and MDA-MB-231 BRC cells were treated with various doses of DOX in culture and PD-L1 expression …

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The Effect Of R547, A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, On Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Death, Betül Hacioğlu, Gökhan Kuş, Hati̇ce Mehtap Kutlu, Selda Kabadere Jan 2020

The Effect Of R547, A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, On Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Death, Betül Hacioğlu, Gökhan Kuş, Hati̇ce Mehtap Kutlu, Selda Kabadere

Turkish Journal of Biology

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third main cause of cancer-related death. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners regulate the cell cycle. Since inhibition of CDKs gives some guiding ideas for cancer studies, we aimed to determine the possible effects of R547, a cyclin kinase 1-2-4 inhibitor, on proliferation and apoptotic mechanisms of Hep G2 cells (human) and H-4- II-E cells derived from rat HCC. We determined in vitro survival rates with MTT assay, apoptosis with flow cytometry, morphological changes with confocal microscopy, and ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. Cisplatin was used as a positive control. After 24 h …

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Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Function Of Meis And Associated Factors, Bi̇rkan Gi̇rgi̇n, Medi̇ne Karadağ Alpaslan, Fati̇h Kocabaş Jan 2020

Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Function Of Meis And Associated Factors, Bi̇rkan Gi̇rgi̇n, Medi̇ne Karadağ Alpaslan, Fati̇h Kocabaş

Turkish Journal of Biology

MEIS proteins are historically associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and invasion in cancer. MEIS and associated PBXHOX proteins may act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in different cellular settings. Their expressions tend to be misregulated in various cancers. Bioinformatic analyses have suggested their upregulation in leukemia/lymphoma, thymoma, pancreas, glioma, and glioblastoma, and downregulation in cervical, uterine, rectum, and colon cancers. However, every cancer type includes, at least, a subtype with high MEIS expression. In addition, studies have highlighted that MEIS proteins and associated factors may function as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for various diseases. Herein, MEIS proteins and associated factors in …

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Expression Pattern Of Olfactory Receptor Genes In Human Cumulus Cells As An Indicator For Competent Oocyte Selection, Neda Daei-Farshbaf, Reza Aflatoonian, Fatemeh-Sadat Amjadi, Sara Taleahmad, Mahnaz Ashrafi, Mehrdad Bakhtiyari Jan 2020

Expression Pattern Of Olfactory Receptor Genes In Human Cumulus Cells As An Indicator For Competent Oocyte Selection, Neda Daei-Farshbaf, Reza Aflatoonian, Fatemeh-Sadat Amjadi, Sara Taleahmad, Mahnaz Ashrafi, Mehrdad Bakhtiyari

Turkish Journal of Biology

Odorant or olfactory receptors are mainly localized in the olfactory epithelium for the perception of different odors. Interestingly, many ectopic olfactory receptors with low expression levels have recently been found in nonolfactory tissues to involve in local functions. Therefore, we investigated the probable role of the olfactory signaling pathway in the surrounding microenvironment of oocyte. This study included 22 women in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle. The expression of olfactory target molecules in cumulus cells surrounding the growing and mature oocytes was evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, integrated bioinformatics analyses were carried out and 6 ectopic …

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Ptdins(4,5)P2 And Ptdins(3,4,5)P3 Dynamics During Focal Adhesions Assembly And Disassembly In A Cancer Cell Line, Dhurgham Alfahad, Salem Alharethi, Bandar Alharbi, Khatab Mawlood, Philip Dash Jan 2020

Ptdins(4,5)P2 And Ptdins(3,4,5)P3 Dynamics During Focal Adhesions Assembly And Disassembly In A Cancer Cell Line, Dhurgham Alfahad, Salem Alharethi, Bandar Alharbi, Khatab Mawlood, Philip Dash

Turkish Journal of Biology

Focal adhesions (FAs) are large assemblies of proteins that mediate intracellular signals between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The turnover of FA proteins plays a critical regulatory role in cancer cell migration. Plasma membrane lipids locally generated or broken down by different inositide kinases and phosphatase enzymes to activate and recruit proteins to specific regions in the plasma membrane. Presently, little attention has been given to the use of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) fluorescent biosensors in order to determine the spatiotemporal organisation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 within and around or during assembly and disassembly of …

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Expression Of Soluble, Active, Fluorescently Tagged Hephaestin In Cos And Cho Cell Lines, Eli̇f Si̇bel Aslan, Kenneth N. White, Basharut A. Syed, Kaila S. Srai, Robert W. Evans Jan 2020

Expression Of Soluble, Active, Fluorescently Tagged Hephaestin In Cos And Cho Cell Lines, Eli̇f Si̇bel Aslan, Kenneth N. White, Basharut A. Syed, Kaila S. Srai, Robert W. Evans

Turkish Journal of Biology

Hephaestin (Hp) is a trans-membrane protein, which plays a critical role in intestinal iron absorption. Hp was originally identified as the gene responsible for the phenotype of sex-linked anaemia in the sla mouse. The mutation in the sla protein causes accumulation of dietary iron in duodenal cells, causing severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Although mucosal uptake of dietary iron is normal, export from the duodenum is inhibited. Hp is homologous to ceruloplasmin (Cp), a member of the family of multi copper ferroxidases (MCFs) and possesses ferroxidase activity that facilitates iron release from the duodenum and load onto the serum iron transport …

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Sex Effect On The Correlation Of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation With Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity, Altan Ercan Jan 2020

Sex Effect On The Correlation Of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation With Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity, Altan Ercan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects females more than males with a presence of autoantibodies. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced by adaptive arm has 2 functional domains, Fc and Fab. The Fc domain binds Fc gamma receptors and C1q proteins of the innate arm. Therefore, the IgG Fc domain serves as a bridge between the innate and adaptive arms and is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved N-glycosylation with variable structures. These glycans are classified as agalactosylated G0, monogalactosylated G1, and digalactosylated G2, which are further modified by core-fucosylation (F) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (B) moieties such as G0F …

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The Inhibitory Effect Of Melatonin On Osteoclastogenesis Of Raw 264.7 Cells In Low Concentrations Of Rankl And Mcsf, Hala Jarrar, Damla Çeti̇n Altindal, Menemşe Gümüşdereli̇oğlu Jan 2020

The Inhibitory Effect Of Melatonin On Osteoclastogenesis Of Raw 264.7 Cells In Low Concentrations Of Rankl And Mcsf, Hala Jarrar, Damla Çeti̇n Altindal, Menemşe Gümüşdereli̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

RAW 264.7 cells are one of the most recommended cell lines for investigating the activity and differentiation of osteoclasts. These cells differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of two critical components: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF). Melatonin (MEL) hormone has recently become one of the small molecules used in the field of bone regeneration and bone disease treatment, as it has the ability to inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts directly by suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The main aim of the current study is to determine sufficient RANKL/MCSF concentrations …

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Genome-Wide Identification Of Chiari Malformation Type I Associated Candidate Genes And Chromosomal Variations, Ti̇muçi̇n Avşar, Şeyma Çaliş, Baran Yilmaz, Gülden Demi̇rci̇ Otluoğlu, Can Holyavki̇n, Türker Kiliç Jan 2020

Genome-Wide Identification Of Chiari Malformation Type I Associated Candidate Genes And Chromosomal Variations, Ti̇muçi̇n Avşar, Şeyma Çaliş, Baran Yilmaz, Gülden Demi̇rci̇ Otluoğlu, Can Holyavki̇n, Türker Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Biology

Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is a brain malformation that is characterized by herniation of the cerebellum into the spinal canal. Chiari malformation type I is highly heterogeneous; therefore, an accurate explanation of the pathogenesis of the disease is often not possible. Although some studies showed the role of genetics in CMI, the involvement of genetic variations in CMI pathogenesis has not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, in the current study we aim to reveal CMI-associated genomic variations in familial cases. Four CMI patients and 7 unaffected healthy members of two distinct families were analyzed. A microarray analysis of the affected …

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