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2020

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Articles 1981 - 1996 of 1996

Full-Text Articles in Biology

A Study On The Mechanism Of Clp290 Restoration Of Kcc2 And Neuroprotection After Traumatic Brain Injury, Ekaterina Stepanova Jan 2020

A Study On The Mechanism Of Clp290 Restoration Of Kcc2 And Neuroprotection After Traumatic Brain Injury, Ekaterina Stepanova

Theses and Dissertations

The research of this thesis investigated the mechanism of action for the therapeutic compound CLP290, which our laboratory has previously demonstrated to reverse degradation of the protein potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) and restore neuronal function following modeled traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat. The loss of membranous KCC2 from the plasma membrane after TBI worsens the excitation/inhibition imbalance common in neurotrauma. Addressed here were the specific aims to: 1) assess that CLP290 treatment restores the functional oligomeric form of KCC2 to the neuronal plasma membrane as necessary to provide chloride homeostasis; 2) investigate the signaling mechanism by which CLP290 …

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Sphingolipids In Cancer Health Disparities And As Prospective Targets For Cancer Therapy, April E. Boyd Jan 2020

Sphingolipids In Cancer Health Disparities And As Prospective Targets For Cancer Therapy, April E. Boyd

Theses and Dissertations

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer both in the United States and worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancers. However, lung cancer disparities are not shared equally across racial groups, with large differences between African American and Caucasian populations. Advances in research have revealed roles of lipid mediators in cancer biology and disease progression, but sphingolipid alterations in tissues should be explored further. To address this, using mass spectrometry (MS), extensive sphingolipidomic characterization of NSCLC tumors and adjacent uninvolved tissues from African American and Caucasian patients were performed. This study revealed that NSCLC …

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Plasticity And The Impact Of Increasing Temperature On A Tropical Ectotherm, Adam A. Rosso Jan 2020

Plasticity And The Impact Of Increasing Temperature On A Tropical Ectotherm, Adam A. Rosso

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Organisms may respond to climate change through behavior, genetic adaptation, and/or phenotypic plasticity. Tropical ectotherms are thought to be especially vulnerable to climate change because most have a narrow range of thermal tolerance while living close to their upper thermal tolerance limits. Additionally, many tropical species live in closed-canopy forests, which provide homogenous thermal landscapes that prevent behavioral compensation for stressfully warm temperatures. Finally, tropical ectotherms are thought to have decreased capacity for phenotypic plasticity because they have evolved in thermally stable environments. We tested gene expression patterns and phenotypic plasticity in the Panamanian slender anole by a) measuring changes …

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Close Quarters: Seasonal Cestode-Microbe Interactions Within The Guts Of Two North American Sorex Shrew Species, Timothy L. Odom Jr Jan 2020

Close Quarters: Seasonal Cestode-Microbe Interactions Within The Guts Of Two North American Sorex Shrew Species, Timothy L. Odom Jr

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The mammalian gut microbiome has shown to be essential to host fitness and health assisting in both nutrient acquisition from diet as well as protection from pathogens and can include beneficial bacteria as well as parasites such as helminths and protozoans. In this study, I analyzed the cestode and bacterial communities found in the intestines of two North American species of shrew, Sorex monticola and Sorex cinereus. Specimens were collected approximately every three weeks from May to October during 2016 and 2017 as well as during April and May of 2018 and September of 2009 from the Sangre de …

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Predator-Based Selection And The Impact Of Edge Sympatry On Components Of Coralsnake Mimicry, Lauren E. Wilson Jan 2020

Predator-Based Selection And The Impact Of Edge Sympatry On Components Of Coralsnake Mimicry, Lauren E. Wilson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Studying warning coloration and mimicry is an effective way to understand predator-driven selection and phenotypic diversity. The presence (sympatry) or absence (allopatry) of a toxic model plays a role in shaping mimetic phenotypes. However, the impact of edge sympatry and allopatry on predation of mimetic phenotypes is not well understood. We studied coralsnake mimicry to test how edge sympatry and allopatry affect predation on mimetic phenotypes. Specifically, we tested 1) if overall attack rates varied with edge sympatry of coralsnakes 2) which color patterns conferred a fitness advantage 3) which specific mimetic signal components are important in driving predatory attacks …

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Genetic Alterations In B Cell Lymphoma Subtypes As Potential Biomarkers For Noninvasive Diagnosis, Prognosis, Therapy, And Disease Monitoring, Esra Esmeray, Can Küçük Jan 2020

Genetic Alterations In B Cell Lymphoma Subtypes As Potential Biomarkers For Noninvasive Diagnosis, Prognosis, Therapy, And Disease Monitoring, Esra Esmeray, Can Küçük

Turkish Journal of Biology

Neoplastic transformation of germinal center B (GCB) cells may give rise to a variety of different B cell lymphoma subtypes, most of which show substantial heterogeneity in terms of genetic alterations and clinical features. The mutations observed in cancer-related genes in GCB cells are related to abnormalities in the immunogenetic mechanisms associated with germinal center reaction. Recent studies have rapidly identified genomic alterations in B cell lymphomas that may be useful for better subclassification, noninvasive diagnosis, and prediction of response to therapy. The WHO recognizes different lymphoma subsets classified within 2 major categories of B cell lymphoma: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) …

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Doxorubicin Inhibits Mir-140 Expression And Upregulates Pd-L1 Expression In Hct116 Cells, Opposite To Its Effects On Mda-Mb-231 Cells, Noel Mopouguini Naba, Nazi̇fe Tolay, Mehmet Batu Erman, Ayça Sayi Yazgan Jan 2020

Doxorubicin Inhibits Mir-140 Expression And Upregulates Pd-L1 Expression In Hct116 Cells, Opposite To Its Effects On Mda-Mb-231 Cells, Noel Mopouguini Naba, Nazi̇fe Tolay, Mehmet Batu Erman, Ayça Sayi Yazgan

Turkish Journal of Biology

One of the most challenging problems in colorectal cancer (CRC) is resistance to chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX). The programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is related to chemoresistance and is overexpressed in several human cancer cell types. Here, we investigated the changes in the expression of PD-L1 in DOX-treated CRC and breast cancer (BRC) cells. Also, to address PD-L1 regulation, we assessed expression levels of miR-140 and miR-34a, two microRNAs that can target the 3' UTR region of the gene encoding PD-L1. HCT116 CRC and MDA-MB-231 BRC cells were treated with various doses of DOX in culture and PD-L1 expression …

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The Effect Of R547, A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, On Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Death, Betül Hacioğlu, Gökhan Kuş, Hati̇ce Mehtap Kutlu, Selda Kabadere Jan 2020

The Effect Of R547, A Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor, On Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Death, Betül Hacioğlu, Gökhan Kuş, Hati̇ce Mehtap Kutlu, Selda Kabadere

Turkish Journal of Biology

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third main cause of cancer-related death. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cyclin partners regulate the cell cycle. Since inhibition of CDKs gives some guiding ideas for cancer studies, we aimed to determine the possible effects of R547, a cyclin kinase 1-2-4 inhibitor, on proliferation and apoptotic mechanisms of Hep G2 cells (human) and H-4- II-E cells derived from rat HCC. We determined in vitro survival rates with MTT assay, apoptosis with flow cytometry, morphological changes with confocal microscopy, and ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. Cisplatin was used as a positive control. After 24 h …

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Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Function Of Meis And Associated Factors, Bi̇rkan Gi̇rgi̇n, Medi̇ne Karadağ Alpaslan, Fati̇h Kocabaş Jan 2020

Oncogenic And Tumor Suppressor Function Of Meis And Associated Factors, Bi̇rkan Gi̇rgi̇n, Medi̇ne Karadağ Alpaslan, Fati̇h Kocabaş

Turkish Journal of Biology

MEIS proteins are historically associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and invasion in cancer. MEIS and associated PBXHOX proteins may act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in different cellular settings. Their expressions tend to be misregulated in various cancers. Bioinformatic analyses have suggested their upregulation in leukemia/lymphoma, thymoma, pancreas, glioma, and glioblastoma, and downregulation in cervical, uterine, rectum, and colon cancers. However, every cancer type includes, at least, a subtype with high MEIS expression. In addition, studies have highlighted that MEIS proteins and associated factors may function as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for various diseases. Herein, MEIS proteins and associated factors in …

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Expression Pattern Of Olfactory Receptor Genes In Human Cumulus Cells As An Indicator For Competent Oocyte Selection, Neda Daei-Farshbaf, Reza Aflatoonian, Fatemeh-Sadat Amjadi, Sara Taleahmad, Mahnaz Ashrafi, Mehrdad Bakhtiyari Jan 2020

Expression Pattern Of Olfactory Receptor Genes In Human Cumulus Cells As An Indicator For Competent Oocyte Selection, Neda Daei-Farshbaf, Reza Aflatoonian, Fatemeh-Sadat Amjadi, Sara Taleahmad, Mahnaz Ashrafi, Mehrdad Bakhtiyari

Turkish Journal of Biology

Odorant or olfactory receptors are mainly localized in the olfactory epithelium for the perception of different odors. Interestingly, many ectopic olfactory receptors with low expression levels have recently been found in nonolfactory tissues to involve in local functions. Therefore, we investigated the probable role of the olfactory signaling pathway in the surrounding microenvironment of oocyte. This study included 22 women in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle. The expression of olfactory target molecules in cumulus cells surrounding the growing and mature oocytes was evaluated by Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, integrated bioinformatics analyses were carried out and 6 ectopic …

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Ptdins(4,5)P2 And Ptdins(3,4,5)P3 Dynamics During Focal Adhesions Assembly And Disassembly In A Cancer Cell Line, Dhurgham Alfahad, Salem Alharethi, Bandar Alharbi, Khatab Mawlood, Philip Dash Jan 2020

Ptdins(4,5)P2 And Ptdins(3,4,5)P3 Dynamics During Focal Adhesions Assembly And Disassembly In A Cancer Cell Line, Dhurgham Alfahad, Salem Alharethi, Bandar Alharbi, Khatab Mawlood, Philip Dash

Turkish Journal of Biology

Focal adhesions (FAs) are large assemblies of proteins that mediate intracellular signals between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The turnover of FA proteins plays a critical regulatory role in cancer cell migration. Plasma membrane lipids locally generated or broken down by different inositide kinases and phosphatase enzymes to activate and recruit proteins to specific regions in the plasma membrane. Presently, little attention has been given to the use of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) fluorescent biosensors in order to determine the spatiotemporal organisation of PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 within and around or during assembly and disassembly of …

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Expression Of Soluble, Active, Fluorescently Tagged Hephaestin In Cos And Cho Cell Lines, Eli̇f Si̇bel Aslan, Kenneth N. White, Basharut A. Syed, Kaila S. Srai, Robert W. Evans Jan 2020

Expression Of Soluble, Active, Fluorescently Tagged Hephaestin In Cos And Cho Cell Lines, Eli̇f Si̇bel Aslan, Kenneth N. White, Basharut A. Syed, Kaila S. Srai, Robert W. Evans

Turkish Journal of Biology

Hephaestin (Hp) is a trans-membrane protein, which plays a critical role in intestinal iron absorption. Hp was originally identified as the gene responsible for the phenotype of sex-linked anaemia in the sla mouse. The mutation in the sla protein causes accumulation of dietary iron in duodenal cells, causing severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Although mucosal uptake of dietary iron is normal, export from the duodenum is inhibited. Hp is homologous to ceruloplasmin (Cp), a member of the family of multi copper ferroxidases (MCFs) and possesses ferroxidase activity that facilitates iron release from the duodenum and load onto the serum iron transport …

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Sex Effect On The Correlation Of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation With Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity, Altan Ercan Jan 2020

Sex Effect On The Correlation Of Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation With Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity, Altan Ercan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects females more than males with a presence of autoantibodies. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced by adaptive arm has 2 functional domains, Fc and Fab. The Fc domain binds Fc gamma receptors and C1q proteins of the innate arm. Therefore, the IgG Fc domain serves as a bridge between the innate and adaptive arms and is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved N-glycosylation with variable structures. These glycans are classified as agalactosylated G0, monogalactosylated G1, and digalactosylated G2, which are further modified by core-fucosylation (F) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (B) moieties such as G0F …

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The Inhibitory Effect Of Melatonin On Osteoclastogenesis Of Raw 264.7 Cells In Low Concentrations Of Rankl And Mcsf, Hala Jarrar, Damla Çeti̇n Altindal, Menemşe Gümüşdereli̇oğlu Jan 2020

The Inhibitory Effect Of Melatonin On Osteoclastogenesis Of Raw 264.7 Cells In Low Concentrations Of Rankl And Mcsf, Hala Jarrar, Damla Çeti̇n Altindal, Menemşe Gümüşdereli̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

RAW 264.7 cells are one of the most recommended cell lines for investigating the activity and differentiation of osteoclasts. These cells differentiate into osteoclasts in the presence of two critical components: receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF). Melatonin (MEL) hormone has recently become one of the small molecules used in the field of bone regeneration and bone disease treatment, as it has the ability to inhibit the differentiation of osteoclasts directly by suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The main aim of the current study is to determine sufficient RANKL/MCSF concentrations …

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Genome-Wide Identification Of Chiari Malformation Type I Associated Candidate Genes And Chromosomal Variations, Ti̇muçi̇n Avşar, Şeyma Çaliş, Baran Yilmaz, Gülden Demi̇rci̇ Otluoğlu, Can Holyavki̇n, Türker Kiliç Jan 2020

Genome-Wide Identification Of Chiari Malformation Type I Associated Candidate Genes And Chromosomal Variations, Ti̇muçi̇n Avşar, Şeyma Çaliş, Baran Yilmaz, Gülden Demi̇rci̇ Otluoğlu, Can Holyavki̇n, Türker Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Biology

Chiari malformation type I (CMI) is a brain malformation that is characterized by herniation of the cerebellum into the spinal canal. Chiari malformation type I is highly heterogeneous; therefore, an accurate explanation of the pathogenesis of the disease is often not possible. Although some studies showed the role of genetics in CMI, the involvement of genetic variations in CMI pathogenesis has not been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, in the current study we aim to reveal CMI-associated genomic variations in familial cases. Four CMI patients and 7 unaffected healthy members of two distinct families were analyzed. A microarray analysis of the affected …

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Evaluation Of The Use Of Alternative Biomarkers As Indicators Of Post-Release Mortality In Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus Limbatus), Casey L. Zender Jan 2020

Evaluation Of The Use Of Alternative Biomarkers As Indicators Of Post-Release Mortality In Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus Limbatus), Casey L. Zender

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The release of sharks caught in recreational fisheries or as by-catch in non-target commercial fisheries is generally regarded as a sustainable fishing approach. However, post-release mortality can occur in these fish due to physiological damage sustained during capture. It is important to determine the amount of mortality specifically attributed to capture so losses can be accounted for in population management practices. Previous studies have used electronic tagging and/or measurement of secondary stress indicators in plasma (e.g., pH, levels of lactate, glucose, pCO2) to estimate rates of post-release mortality. These methods may not always be the best approaches, as …

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