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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 3206
Full-Text Articles in Biology
A Contribution Toward A Global Monograph Of Gyroporus: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Biogeography, Naveed Davoodian
A Contribution Toward A Global Monograph Of Gyroporus: Taxonomy, Phylogeny, Biogeography, Naveed Davoodian
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Gyroporus (Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi) is a genus of ectomycorrhizal mushroom-forming fungi distributed throughout the world in suitable habitats. Previous attempts to untangle the diversity of this genus proved difficult due to the presence of semi-cryptic species and equivocal results from phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal RNA markers. To overcome these obstacles, a combined taxonomic and phylogenetic (emphasizing protein-coding genes) approach is used here to delimit species and elucidate geographic and evolutionary patterns of Gyroporus. Careful study of relevant literature and herbarium specimens was augmented by field work in North America, Australia, and East Asia for observation and collection …
Identification Of Axon-Oligodendrocyte Preferential Interaction Sites Preceding Initial Myelin Sheath Formation, Taryn Mallon, Rachael Sawyer
Identification Of Axon-Oligodendrocyte Preferential Interaction Sites Preceding Initial Myelin Sheath Formation, Taryn Mallon, Rachael Sawyer
Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018
Oligodendrocytes are matured oligodendrocyte progenitor cells that serve to myelinate axons within the central nervous system. The myelination process is complex and is orchestrated by many unknown mechanisms, of particular interest, the causal relationship between axon diameter and myelination. Previous studies suggest that oligodendrocytes preferentially myelinate axons with larger diameters. Due to the variation in axon diameter along the length of individual axons, we first hypothesized that oligodendrocytes interact with and initiate myelination at thicker domains of axons known as varicosities. To test this hypothesis, we performed in vivo time-lapse in zebrafish larvae to determine if oligodendrocytes preferentially interact with …
Investigating The Synergy Between Paraben Derivatives And The Antibiotics Of Penicillin And Erythromycin, Kaelyn Jefferson
Investigating The Synergy Between Paraben Derivatives And The Antibiotics Of Penicillin And Erythromycin, Kaelyn Jefferson
Longwood Senior Theses
Bacterial resistance has been a threat to our antibiotics, decreasing their effectiveness against many human diseases. In 2010, the World Health Organization made a public call to action urging researchers to find new antibiotics before the year of 2020, showing society's vulnerability to evolving bacterial strains. Thus, it's critical to find an approach to maintaining antibiotic control over bacteria. A current approach has shown that phenolic compounds have proven to work synergistically against bacteria with penicillin and erythromycin antibiotics. In an analogous way, the work herein attempts to use the phenol derivatives known as parabens in combination with the antibiotics …
Effects Of Copper Sulfate On Mortality Rates Of Daphnia Magna, Grace Vilem
Effects Of Copper Sulfate On Mortality Rates Of Daphnia Magna, Grace Vilem
Honors Projects
Many reservoirs used for drinking water end up growing algae that needs to be removed. Copper sulfate (CuSO4) can be used to reduce the growth of algae, however this chemical has been shown to have negative effects on invertebrates living in aquatic environment. This experiment exposed Daphnia magna, an aquatic zooplankton, to various concentrations of CuSO4 for 48 hours to determine an LC50 value. Six sets of data were collected and averaged, finding an LC50 value of 36 ug/L. Further testing is needed to determine effects of CuSO4 on fecundity between generations of Daphnia, as …
Tidal Creek And Substrate Effects On Oyster Reef Associated Fish And Decapod Condition And Density, Thomas S. Funk
Tidal Creek And Substrate Effects On Oyster Reef Associated Fish And Decapod Condition And Density, Thomas S. Funk
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Oyster reefs are essential fish habitat and a worldwide loss of reefs has the potential to negatively affect reef-associated nekton populations. Along the 100 km Myrtle Beach, SC shoreline, oyster reefs ostensibly have disappeared within swash tidal creeks, which are anthropogenically altered estuarine systems that drain into the coastal ocean directly over shoreline beaches. To address oyster reef losses, a series of shell bag reefs were constructed within multiple swash tidal creeks. Reefs also were constructed in tidal creeks associated with estuaries directly connected to the ocean by an inlet. The purpose of this study was to compare nekton usage …
A Basal Laryngeal Cartilage Is Present In Neotropical Túngara Frogs (Engystomops Pustulosus), Amy D. Lagorio, Marcos Gridi-Papp
A Basal Laryngeal Cartilage Is Present In Neotropical Túngara Frogs (Engystomops Pustulosus), Amy D. Lagorio, Marcos Gridi-Papp
Pacific Research & Scholarship Day
No abstract provided.
Comparison Of Staphylococcus Phage K With Close Phage Relatives Commonly Employed In Phage Therapeutics, Jude Ajuebor, Colin Buttimer, Sara Arroyo-Moreno, Nina Chanishvili, Emma M. Gabriel, Jim O'Mahony, Olivia Mcauliffe, Horst Neve, Charles Franz, Aidan Coffey
Comparison Of Staphylococcus Phage K With Close Phage Relatives Commonly Employed In Phage Therapeutics, Jude Ajuebor, Colin Buttimer, Sara Arroyo-Moreno, Nina Chanishvili, Emma M. Gabriel, Jim O'Mahony, Olivia Mcauliffe, Horst Neve, Charles Franz, Aidan Coffey
Department of Biological Sciences Publications
The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a public health danger requiring alternative treatment options, and this has led to renewed interest in phage therapy. In this respect, we describe the distinct host ranges of Staphylococcus phage K, and two other K-like phages against 23 isolates, including 21 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) representative sequence types representing the Irish National MRSA Reference Laboratory collection. The two K-like phages were isolated from the Fersisi therapeutic phage mix from the Tbilisi Eliava Institute, and were designated B1 (vB_SauM_B1) and JA1 (vB_SauM_JA1). The sequence relatedness of B1 and JA1 to phage K …
Evaluating The Impact Of Eastern Hemlock Decline On Louisiana Waterthrush Demographics And Behavior In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Lee Cotten Bryant
Evaluating The Impact Of Eastern Hemlock Decline On Louisiana Waterthrush Demographics And Behavior In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Lee Cotten Bryant
Student Theses and Dissertations
Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is declining throughout the eastern United States due to the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand). In the southern Appalachians, hemlock is concentrated in moist ravines and its loss threatens riparian specialists and habitat quality. The Louisiana waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla) is an obligate-riparian species that could be sensitive to hemlock condition in the southern Appalachians, but how hemlock decline might impact it is currently unknown. I addressed this knowledge gap by evaluating relationships between hemlock decline and waterthrushes. First, I evaluated the ultimate effects hemlock decline could have on waterthrushes, focusing on survival and habitat …
Dax-1 Regulation Of Gene Expression In Prostate Cancer Cells, Brandon Reyes, Roxxana Beltran
Dax-1 Regulation Of Gene Expression In Prostate Cancer Cells, Brandon Reyes, Roxxana Beltran
Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD
The DAX-1 gene encodes for an orphan nuclear hormone receptor which still presents undescribed interactions in cell transcriptional regulation. It derives its name from that which it has been described to be involved in namely dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia congenita, and found in a critical region on the X chromosome, gene 1. As a nuclear receptor it is important in transcriptional regulation and has been shown to mainly act as a transcriptional repressor which identifies it as an important target for preventing cancers. Due to its role in adrenal and gonadal development and ability to interact with other nuclear …
Development Of A Pcr For Simultaneous Amplification Of Borrelia Burgdorferi And Ixodes Tick Dna, Shaynee Studer, Alina Yevsina
Development Of A Pcr For Simultaneous Amplification Of Borrelia Burgdorferi And Ixodes Tick Dna, Shaynee Studer, Alina Yevsina
Undergraduate Research Celebration 2018
The high prevalence of Ixodes ticks in Southeast Minnesota has serious implications as they are often vectors for infectious tick-borne agents, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme Disease (LD). Currently, our lab has developed a PCR that can amplify Borrelia DNA in infected ticks, however, when ticks fail to amplify it is unclear whether this is from lack of the bacterial agent or if the DNA is corrupted. A possible solution to this problem is to concurrently amplify a gene within the Ixodes tick in order to assess the quality of the DNA. The goal of this …
Newall Glacier Nucleic Acid Analysis, Shannon Turner
Newall Glacier Nucleic Acid Analysis, Shannon Turner
Honors Projects
The Newall Glacier is located in Antarctica between Mount Newall and Mount Weyant, at approximately 77°30′S, 162°50′E. Having existed for millions of years, and being rarely touched by human populations, glaciers are a major source of information on climate and life in the past. During the past 5 decades, a multi-country team of scientists have collaborated to drill into many of Antarctica’s glaciers and ice fields, removing ice cores for scientific investigation. The ice core section chosen for this project was drilled from the Newall Glacier in 1988 and its depth was from 100.670 to 101.000 m. The purpose of …
Terminal Phenotypes Observed In Caenorhabditis Hybrids, Anthony Wade
Terminal Phenotypes Observed In Caenorhabditis Hybrids, Anthony Wade
The University Honors Program
When C. briggsae females are mated to C. nigoni males fertile F1 females are obtained. However, all of the F1 males arrest during embryogenesis. In the reciprocal cross of C. nigoni females mated to C. briggsae males, fertile F1 females and some sterile F1 male adult hybrids are obtained. The goal of this study was to determine the terminal phenotypes of the arrested embryos in these crosses. From these terminal phenotypes, tissue-specific defects in the development of hybrid embryos were inferred. Hybrid crosses were set and allowed to mated overnight. The following day gravid females were dissected to release hybrid …
How Frogs Are Hiding In Plain Sight: Phylogenetic Systematics Of Myanmar’S Occidozya Species Complex, Allison Bogisich, Jocelyn Esquivias
How Frogs Are Hiding In Plain Sight: Phylogenetic Systematics Of Myanmar’S Occidozya Species Complex, Allison Bogisich, Jocelyn Esquivias
Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD
In the frog genus Occidozyga, there is one described species which inhabits Myanmar. However, population estimates for Occidozyga within the country may be inaccurate given unidentified cryptic species. We predict that in Occidozyga, there are more morphologically identical phenotypes- ‘cryptics’- which are actually genetically distinct. Using DNA sequences isolated in the lab at USF from preserved specimens housed at the California Academy of Science, we’ve been able to conduct phylogenetic tree analysis. Preliminary results suggest the presence of two new species within the genus. Phylogeographic analysis of our tree also supports the genetic clustering, such that their evolutionary distribution is …
Time Of Year Influences Social Play In Juvenile Ground Squirrels, Martha Monroy, Madelene Shehan
Time Of Year Influences Social Play In Juvenile Ground Squirrels, Martha Monroy, Madelene Shehan
Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD
Animals must allocate available energy according to priorities that ensure survival and maximize long-term reproductive success. Social play behavior is ubiquitous among juvenile mammals and can have important influences on their social, motor, and cognitive development. We evaluated how the amounts of energy young animals devote to play behavior changes over the course of their annual cycle, as other energetic considerations and constraints change. Young animals may change priorities from play to preparation for hibernation when the annual cycle occurs closer to the usual onset of winter. We used Belding’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) as a model system; U. beldingi …
Urban Biogeography Of Fungal Endophytes In Metrosideros Excelsa Across San Francisco, Emma Gibson
Urban Biogeography Of Fungal Endophytes In Metrosideros Excelsa Across San Francisco, Emma Gibson
Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD
Trees in cities confer health and psychological benefits to the city's inhabitants, so the urban forest is a major component of human health in urban settings. Previous studies have shown that environmental factors can impact endophytic (within-plant) microbial communities of forest trees, but the effects that urban environmental factors may have on these communities are not well understood. Here, we characterized asymptomatic fungal communities in 30 individual Metrosideros excelsa trees from 6 distinct sites using culturing and molecular methods. We found high community diversity both within and among sites, and several patterns within these communities. For example, we found similarities …
A Superhydrophobic Cone To Facilitate The Xenomonitoring Of Filarial Parasites, Malaria, And Trypanosomes Using Mosquito Excreta/Feces, Darren A.N. Cook, Nils Pilotte, Corrado Minetti, Steven A. Williams, Lisa J. Reimer
A Superhydrophobic Cone To Facilitate The Xenomonitoring Of Filarial Parasites, Malaria, And Trypanosomes Using Mosquito Excreta/Feces, Darren A.N. Cook, Nils Pilotte, Corrado Minetti, Steven A. Williams, Lisa J. Reimer
Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Background: Molecular xenomonitoring (MX), the testing of insect vectors for the presence of human pathogens, has the potential to provide a non-invasive and cost-effective method for monitoring the prevalence of disease within a community. Current MX methods require the capture and processing of large numbers of mosquitoes, particularly in areas of low endemicity, increasing the time, cost and labour required. Screening the excreta/feces (E/F) released from mosquitoes, rather than whole carcasses, improves the throughput by removing the need to discriminate vector species since non-vectors release ingested pathogens in E/F. It also enables larger numbers of mosquitoes to be processed per …
Seeing Red: Analyzing Iucn Red List Data, Alexandra Gonzalez, Naupaka Zimmerman, Patricia Francis-Lyon
Seeing Red: Analyzing Iucn Red List Data, Alexandra Gonzalez, Naupaka Zimmerman, Patricia Francis-Lyon
Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD
In the midst of the current sixth mass extinction event which is currently underway, it appears that amphibians are one of the most impacted vertebrates. Over 7,500 amphibian species are listed on the IUCN Red List (an assessment tool which provides species’ conservation status, perceived threats, and distribution range). While it is well-known that populations under multiple stressors are more likely to undergo significant declines, there are little to no resources available for visualizating how these threats may work synergistically and interact within a species’ range. This is especially the case for Southeast Asian amphibians, of which much less attention …
Social Play And The Development Of Temperament In Juvenile Belding’S Ground Squirrels (Urocitellus Beldingi), James Hurst-Hopf
Social Play And The Development Of Temperament In Juvenile Belding’S Ground Squirrels (Urocitellus Beldingi), James Hurst-Hopf
Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD
We evaluated the hypothesis that social play behavior influences the development of temperament in young animals, using docility as a measure of temperament. We observed the play behavior of juvenile Belding’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) during the developmental period in which play primarily occurs, and conducted behavioral tests measuring docility at the beginning and end of the play interval. Tests involved handling squirrels and recording their responses. Body mass was a reliable predictor of docility at the beginning of the play period. Rates of social play and maximum distances traveled from the natal burrow during the play interval were reliable …
Human Breast Tumor Cells Support Productive Hcmv Infection, Kaitlin Branch
Human Breast Tumor Cells Support Productive Hcmv Infection, Kaitlin Branch
Creative Activity and Research Day - CARD
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. While many risk factors for breast cancer are known, viral infection has emerged as a potential factor in tumor development. Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) generally causes mild or asymptomatic infection; however, recent evidence links HCMV to breast cancer. In particular, the viral cytokine cmvIL-10 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells in culture. Since HCMV is transmitted via human breast milk, we hypothesized that breast tumor cells could become infected and produce cmvIL-10. HCMV infection of breast cancer cells was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. Viral gene expression was …
Investigating The Synergistic Effects Of Two Curcuminoids And Cisplatin On Cancer Cell Migration, Blaine Patty
Investigating The Synergistic Effects Of Two Curcuminoids And Cisplatin On Cancer Cell Migration, Blaine Patty
Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects
Cisplatin is a common chemotherapy drug used to treat various cancers; however, it is relatively ineffective against many cancers, including several types of lung cancer. One approach that could improve cisplatin’s effect is to combine it with another drug that produces a synergistic response greater than either drug alone. Curcumin, a naturally occurring plant compound, has been investigated for synergisms in conjunction with cisplatin chemotherapy, but curcumin use is hampered by its low bioavailability. This project investigated whether two synthetic curcumin analogs, EF-24 and CLEFMA (curcuminoids), which have greater solubility than curcumin, could, when combined with cisplatin, decrease the migration …
Effects Of Green Led Light On Lentinula Edodes Respiration And Biomass, Jacob Hauger
Effects Of Green Led Light On Lentinula Edodes Respiration And Biomass, Jacob Hauger
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
Light has not traditionally been thought to influence the growth of fungi, however, recent evidence suggests that limited exposure to green light can cause an increase of biomass production in the hyphal cells of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake Mushrooms). The dry and fresh weight, volume and respiration rates of a control group and a light-treated group of commercially-grown shiitake mushrooms were measured. Results will be presented.
Individual Variation In Physiological Training Load During A Division Iii Soccer Season, Tristen Zimmerman
Individual Variation In Physiological Training Load During A Division Iii Soccer Season, Tristen Zimmerman
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of soccer training during a DIII soccer season on the physiological response of training load. Training load was assessed by tracking individual player heart rates during all training sessions and games. Training load was scaled for each player throughout the season and average responses were characterized for individual positions.
Asymmetric Interference Competition Between Herbivorous Gastropods, Introduced Littorina Littorea And Indigenous L. Obtusata, Alysha B. Putnam, Paulette Peckol
Asymmetric Interference Competition Between Herbivorous Gastropods, Introduced Littorina Littorea And Indigenous L. Obtusata, Alysha B. Putnam, Paulette Peckol
Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications
Competitive interactions may affect distribution and abundance of mobile organisms, such as the intertidal herbivorous gastropods Littorina littorea and L. obtusata, in areas of resource overlap. We examined intra- and interspecific competition between US New England populations by measuring effects of snail density and food availability on growth rates and abundances. We investigated mechanisms of interference, including resistance (phlorotannin) induction of fucoid algae, and impacts of snail presence, waterborne cues, and mucus on herbivory. L. obtusata density increased significantly within fucoid canopies following repeated (every 12 h for 3 d) removal of L. littorea at both study sites. In the …
Fast Plants And Gene X Environment Interactions For The Biology 202 Laboratory, Toni R. Gohman
Fast Plants And Gene X Environment Interactions For The Biology 202 Laboratory, Toni R. Gohman
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability for a single genotype to produce multiple phenotypes in response to environmental variation. The phenotypic plasticity of a genotype is described by its norm of reaction, and norms of reaction for different genotypes might suggest that each is favored by a different environment. In this experiment, we established a fertility gradient and produced norms of reaction for a variety of measures of plant performance using two strains of Wisconsin Fast Plants (“Astro” and “Dwarf”). The Dwarf variety performed best at low fertility levels, while the Astro variety performed best at high fertility levels. Using these …
Screening Of Multimeric Β-Xylosidases From The Gut Microbiome Of A Higher Termite, Globitermes Brachycerastes, Chunyan Liu, Gen Zou, Xing Yan, Xuguo Zhou
Screening Of Multimeric Β-Xylosidases From The Gut Microbiome Of A Higher Termite, Globitermes Brachycerastes, Chunyan Liu, Gen Zou, Xing Yan, Xuguo Zhou
Entomology Faculty Publications
Termite gut microbiome is a rich reservoir for glycoside hydrolases, a suite of enzymes critical for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. To search for hemicellulases, we screened 12,000 clones from a fosmid gut library of a higher termite, Globitermes brachycerastes. As a common Southeastern Asian genus, Globitermes distributes predominantly in tropical rain forests and relies on the lignocellulases from themselves and bacterial symbionts to digest wood. In total, 22 positive clones with β-xylosidase activity were isolated, in which 11 representing different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns were pooled and subjected to 454 pyrosequencing. As a result, eight putative β-xylosidases …
Lava Heron Fishing Success: The Impact Of Water Depth, Ellen Munshower, Brianna Westendorf
Lava Heron Fishing Success: The Impact Of Water Depth, Ellen Munshower, Brianna Westendorf
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
The Galápagos Lava Heron (Butorides striata sundevalli) is a small bird that is endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. It is territorial and primarily preys on small fish. Currently, there is little research on these herons, so any information will be helpful in better understanding their ecological processes. During a biology course on the islands (July 2017), we observed the hunting patterns of herons specifically their strike patterns. We hypothesized that Lava Heron’s fishing practices would differ depending on water depth. We predicted the successful strike rates would be higher in shallower water, and herons would more likely to hunt …
Sugar Concentration In The Tree Sap Of Five Species Of Minnesota Trees, Mark Ellman, Michael Ellman
Sugar Concentration In The Tree Sap Of Five Species Of Minnesota Trees, Mark Ellman, Michael Ellman
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
Tree sap can be collected from a variety of species in Minnesota, including sugar maple (Acer saccharum), box elder (Acer negundo), red maple (Acer rubrum), paper birch (Betula papyrifera), and ironwood (Ostrya virginiana). The sap of different species contain varying concentrations of sugar, important for determining the amount of sap needed to boil down into a volume of syrup. In general, previous literature has shown that sugar maples have the highest concentration of sugar, followed by red maple, birch, and box elder. The sugar concentration of ironwood is as of yet unknown. The purpose of this study was to confirm …
Analysis Of Potential Archaeal Ner Endonuclease Homologs Using Saccharomyces Cervisiae, Toni R. Gohman
Analysis Of Potential Archaeal Ner Endonuclease Homologs Using Saccharomyces Cervisiae, Toni R. Gohman
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
The nuclease proteins involved in eukaryotic nucleotide excision repair (NER) have been identified and are ubiquitous for most eukaryotes, including XPF (3’ endonuclease) and XPG (5’ endonuclease). Proteins with similar structures have been identified in archaeal genomes and have been shown to exhibit endonuclease activity, but their overall cellular functions have not been elucidated. The proteins Hef1 and Bax1 in archaea are two of such proteins that are candidates for homology with the XPF (Rad1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) nuclease. By inserting plasmids containing archaeal genes coding for these possible homologous nucleases into Saccharomyces cerevisiae without Rad1 gene (ΔRad1) and then …
Calcium Concentration In Tree Sap Of Five Species Of Minnesota Trees As An Indicator Of Sugar Sand, Michael Ellman, Mark Ellman
Calcium Concentration In Tree Sap Of Five Species Of Minnesota Trees As An Indicator Of Sugar Sand, Michael Ellman, Mark Ellman
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
Tree sap can be collected from a variety of species (sugar maple, birch, ironwood, box elder, red maple) in Minnesota. When the sap of sugar maple trees and others are cooked into syrup, a cloudy mixture of minerals precipitates out. This precipitate, called sugar sand, gives syrup an unpleasant taste and can clog up machinery if improperly managed. Sugar sand primarily consists primarily of calcium malate. Thus, calcium concentration can be a good indicator of how much sugar sand would precipitate out if sap is processed into syrup. In general, previous literature has shown that sugar maple sap has the …
Una Solución Para La Continuidad De Cuidado Médico Para Los Latinos E Hispanos, Alexandria Daggett
Una Solución Para La Continuidad De Cuidado Médico Para Los Latinos E Hispanos, Alexandria Daggett
Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)
En el sistema médico en los Estados Unidos, hay varias barreras al acceso adecuado, especialmente para la población latina e hispanoparlante. En adición a las barreras que tienen varios grupos minoritarios en acceder el sistema de salud, los latinos e hispanos que no hablan el inglés tienen barreras idiomáticas y culturales. El sistema de intérpretes no es suficiente para atender las necesidades de los latinos e hispanos con dominio limitado del inglés. Es necesario que el sistema sanitario use un modelo exhaustivo para servir major a partidarios, navegantes y pacientes. En esta obra, voy a discutir la importancia de la …