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2010

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Articles 811 - 840 of 914

Full-Text Articles in Biology

The Evolution Of Chloroplast Genome Structure In Ferns, Paul G. Wolf, J. M. Roper, A. M. Duffy Jan 2010

The Evolution Of Chloroplast Genome Structure In Ferns, Paul G. Wolf, J. M. Roper, A. M. Duffy

Biology Faculty Publications

The plastid genome (plastome) is a rich source of phylogenetic and other comparative data in plants. Most land plants possess a plastome of similar structure. However, in a major group of plants, the ferns, a unique plastome structure has evolved. The gene order in ferns has been explained by a series of genomic inversions relative to the plastome organization of seed plants. Here, we examine for the first time the structure of the plastome across fern phylogeny. We used a PCR-based strategy to map and partially sequence plastomes. We found that a pair of partially overlapping inversions in the region …

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Chloroplast Genome Sequence Of The Moss Torula Ruralis: Gene Content, Polymorphism, And Structural Arrangement Relative To Other Green Plant Chloroplast Genomes, M. J. Oliver, A. G. Murdock, B. D. Mishler, J. V. Kuehl, J. L. Boore, D. F. Mandoli, K. D. E. Everett, Paul G. Wolf, A. M. Duffy, K. G. Karol Jan 2010

Chloroplast Genome Sequence Of The Moss Torula Ruralis: Gene Content, Polymorphism, And Structural Arrangement Relative To Other Green Plant Chloroplast Genomes, M. J. Oliver, A. G. Murdock, B. D. Mishler, J. V. Kuehl, J. L. Boore, D. F. Mandoli, K. D. E. Everett, Paul G. Wolf, A. M. Duffy, K. G. Karol

Biology Faculty Publications

Background Tortula ruralis, a widely distributed species in the moss family Pottiaceae, is increasingly used as a model organism for the study of desiccation tolerance and mechanisms of cellular repair. In this paper, we present the chloroplast genome sequence of T. ruralis, only the second published chloroplast genome for a moss, and the first for a vegetatively desiccation-tolerant plant. Results The Tortula chloroplast genome is ~123,500 bp, and differs in a number of ways from that of Physcomitrella patens, the first published moss chloroplast genome. For example, Tortula lacks the ~71 kb inversion found in the large single copy region …

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Unfurling Fern Biology In The Genomics Age, M. S. Barker, Paul G. Wolf Jan 2010

Unfurling Fern Biology In The Genomics Age, M. S. Barker, Paul G. Wolf

Biology Faculty Publications

Twenty-first century technology is addressing many of the questions posed by 20th-century biology. Although the new approaches, especially those involving genomic data and bioinformatic tools, were first applied to model organisms, they are now stretching across the tree of life. Here, we review some recent revelations in the ferns. We first examine how DNA sequence data have contributed to our understanding of fern phylogeny. We then address evolution of the fern plastid genome, including reports of high levels of RNA editing. Recent studies are also shedding light on the evolution of fern nuclear genomes. Initial analyses of genomic data suggest …

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Antidepressant Stimulation Of Cdp-Diacylglycerol Synthesis Does Not Require Monoamine Reuptake Inhibition, Ashiwel S. Undieh, Marwa A. Aboukhatwa Jan 2010

Antidepressant Stimulation Of Cdp-Diacylglycerol Synthesis Does Not Require Monoamine Reuptake Inhibition, Ashiwel S. Undieh, Marwa A. Aboukhatwa

Publications and Research

Background: Recent studies demonstrate that diverse antidepressant agents increase the cellular production of the nucleolipid CDP-diacylglycerol and its synthetic derivative, phosphatidylinositol, in depression-relevant brain regions. Pharmacological blockade of downstream phosphatidylinositide signaling disrupted the behavioral antidepressant effects in rats. However, the nucleolipid responses were resistant to inhibition by serotonin receptor antagonists, even though antidepressant-facilitated inositol phosphate accumulation was blocked. Could the neurochemical effects be additional to the known effects of the drugs on monoamine transmitter transporters? To examine this question, we tested selected agents in serotonin-depleted brain tissues, in PC12 cells devoid of serotonin transporters, and on the enzymatic activity of …

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Improved Detection Of Bartonella Dna In Mammalian Hosts And Arthropod Vectors By Real-Time Pcr Using The Nadh Dehydrogenase Gamma Subunit (Nuog), James M. Colborn, Michael Y. Kosoy, Vladimir L. Motin, Maxim V. Telepnev, Gustavo Valbuena, Khin S. Myint, Yuri Fofanov, Catherine Putonti, Chen Feng, Leonard Peruski Jan 2010

Improved Detection Of Bartonella Dna In Mammalian Hosts And Arthropod Vectors By Real-Time Pcr Using The Nadh Dehydrogenase Gamma Subunit (Nuog), James M. Colborn, Michael Y. Kosoy, Vladimir L. Motin, Maxim V. Telepnev, Gustavo Valbuena, Khin S. Myint, Yuri Fofanov, Catherine Putonti, Chen Feng, Leonard Peruski

Bioinformatics Faculty Publications

We used a whole-genome scanning technique to identify the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG) primer set that is sensitive and specific enough to detect a diverse number of Bartonella species in a wide range of environmental samples yet maintains minimal cross-reactivity to mammalian host and arthropod vector organisms.

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Projected Loss Of A Salamander Diversity Hotspot As A Consequence Of Projected Global Climate Change, Joseph Milanovich, William E. Peterman, Nathan P. Nibbelink, John C. Maerz Jan 2010

Projected Loss Of A Salamander Diversity Hotspot As A Consequence Of Projected Global Climate Change, Joseph Milanovich, William E. Peterman, Nathan P. Nibbelink, John C. Maerz

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Significant shifts in climate are considered a threat to plants and animals with significant physiological limitations and limited dispersal abilities. The southern Appalachian Mountains are a global hotspot for plethodontid salamander diversity. Plethodontids are lungless ectotherms, so their ecology is strongly governed by temperature and precipitation. Many plethodontid species in southern Appalachia exist in high elevation habitats that may be at or near their thermal maxima, and may also have limited dispersal abilities across warmer valley bottoms.

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Regeneration Of New Neurons Is Preserved In Aged Vomeronasal Epithelia, Jessica H. Brann, Stuart Firestein Jan 2010

Regeneration Of New Neurons Is Preserved In Aged Vomeronasal Epithelia, Jessica H. Brann, Stuart Firestein

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

During normal and diseased aging, it is thought the capacity for tissue regeneration and repair in neuronal tissues diminishes. In the peripheral olfactory system, stem cell reservoirs permit regeneration of olfactory and vomeronasal sensory neurons, a unique capacity among neurons. Following injury, a large number of new neurons can be regenerated in a young animal. However, it is unknown whether this capacity for renewal exists in aged proliferative populations. Here, we report that neuronal replacement-associated proliferation continues in the vomeronasal organ of aged (18-24 months) mice. In addition, the potential for the aged stem cell to yield a mature neuron …

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The Trpc2 Channel Forms Protein-Protein Interactions With Homer And Rtp In The Rat Vomeronasal Organ, Thomas G. Mast, Jessica H. Brann, Debra A. Fadool Jan 2010

The Trpc2 Channel Forms Protein-Protein Interactions With Homer And Rtp In The Rat Vomeronasal Organ, Thomas G. Mast, Jessica H. Brann, Debra A. Fadool

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

BACKGROUND: The signal transduction cascade operational in the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the olfactory system detects odorants important for prey localization, mating, and social recognition. While the protein machinery transducing these external cues has been individually well characterized, little attention has been paid to the role of protein-protein interactions among these molecules. Development of an in vitro expression system for the transient receptor potential 2 channel (TRPC2), which establishes the first electrical signal in the pheromone transduction pathway, led to the discovery of two protein partners that couple with the channel in the native VNO. RESULTS: Homer family proteins were …

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A New Species Of Boubou (Malaconotidae: Laniarius) From The Albertine Rift, Gary Voelker, Robert K. Outlaw, Sushma Reddy, Michael Tobler, John M. Bates, Shannon J. Hackett, Charles Kahindo, Ben D. Marks, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, Thomas P. Gnoske Jan 2010

A New Species Of Boubou (Malaconotidae: Laniarius) From The Albertine Rift, Gary Voelker, Robert K. Outlaw, Sushma Reddy, Michael Tobler, John M. Bates, Shannon J. Hackett, Charles Kahindo, Ben D. Marks, Julian C. Kerbis Peterhans, Thomas P. Gnoske

Biology: Faculty Publications and Other Works

We describe Laniarius willardi, a new species of boubou shrike (Malaconotidae) from the Albertine Rift of Africa. The most conspicuous, distinguishing morphological feature of the species is a gray to blue-gray iris. This and external morphometric data indicate that L. willardi is diagnosable from other black or sooty boubous. Further, L. willardi is genetically diagnosable, and its closest relative is the Mountain Sooty Boubou (L. poensis camerunensis) from Cameroon. The Crimson-breasted Bush-shrike (L. atrococcineus) and the Lowland Sooty Boubou (L. leucorhynchus) are together the sister clade to L. willardi—L.p. camerunensis. Laniarius willardi and …

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Distribution Of Tadpoles Of Ollotis Occidentalis (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) Along The Rio Salado, Puebla, Mexico, G. A. Woolrich-Pina, Geoffrey R. Smith, L. Oliver-Lopez, M. Barbosa Morales, J. A. Lemos-Espinal Jan 2010

Distribution Of Tadpoles Of Ollotis Occidentalis (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) Along The Rio Salado, Puebla, Mexico, G. A. Woolrich-Pina, Geoffrey R. Smith, L. Oliver-Lopez, M. Barbosa Morales, J. A. Lemos-Espinal

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Evaluation Of The Rate Of Artificial Coverboard Use By The Salamander, Plethodon Cinereus, In The Vicinity Of Natural Cover Objects, K. Ciul, L. Simpson, Geoffrey R. Smith, Jessica E. Rettig Jan 2010

Evaluation Of The Rate Of Artificial Coverboard Use By The Salamander, Plethodon Cinereus, In The Vicinity Of Natural Cover Objects, K. Ciul, L. Simpson, Geoffrey R. Smith, Jessica E. Rettig

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Female Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae) Reproductive Class And Male-Female Interactions During The Breeding Season, Meagan E. Jones Jan 2010

Female Humpback Whale (Megaptera Novaeangliae) Reproductive Class And Male-Female Interactions During The Breeding Season, Meagan E. Jones

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This study examined whether female reproductive class (i.e., presence or absence of a calf) in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) affects female behavior and male-female interactions on the Hawaiian breeding grounds. From 2003-2008, 295 female-calf groups (with or without a male escort) and 256 female no-calf groups (with a male) were observed. Forty-one female no-calf groups were confirmed male-female pairs by genetic sexing or photo-identification. Focal follows of 36 male-female pairs and 50 female-calf groups (29 escorted and 21 unescorted female-calf groups) were analyzed for time budget and movement estimates. Relative fluke size (fluke photogrammetry, n=30) and sighting histories …

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Bryostatins: Biological Context And Biotechnological Prospects, Amaro E. Trindade-Silva, Grace E. Lim-Fong, Koty H. Sharp Jan 2010

Bryostatins: Biological Context And Biotechnological Prospects, Amaro E. Trindade-Silva, Grace E. Lim-Fong, Koty H. Sharp

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Coral animals harbor diverse microorganisms in their tissues, including archaea, bacteria, viruses, and Bryostatins are a family of protein kinase C modulators that have potential applications in biomedicine. Found in miniscule quantities in a small marine invertebrate, lack of supply has hampered their development. In recent years, bryostatins have been shown to have potent bioactivity in the central nervous system, an uncultivated marine bacterial symbiont has been shown to be the likely natural source of the bryostatins, the bryostatin biosynthetic genes have been identified and characterized, and bryostatin analogues with promising biological activity have been developed and tested. Challenges in …

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Danger Of Zooplankton Feeding: The Fluid Signal Generated By Ambush-Feeding Copepods, Thomas Kiørboe, Houshuo Jiang, Sean Colin Jan 2010

Danger Of Zooplankton Feeding: The Fluid Signal Generated By Ambush-Feeding Copepods, Thomas Kiørboe, Houshuo Jiang, Sean Colin

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Zooplankton feed in any of three ways: they generate a feeding current while hovering, cruise through the water or are ambush feeders. Each mode generates different hydrodynamic disturbances and hence exposes the grazers differently to mechanosensory predators. Ambush feeders sink slowly and therefore perform occasional upward repositioning jumps. We quantified the fluid disturbance generated by repositioning jumps in a millimetre-sized copepod (Re ∼ 40). The kick of the swimming legs generates a viscous vortex ring in the wake; another ring of similar intensity but opposite rotation is formed around the decelerating copepod. A simple analytical model, that of an impulsive …

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A Wake-Based Correlate Of Swimming Performance And Foraging Behavior In Seven Co-Occurring Jellyfish Species, John O. Dabiri, Sean Colin, K. Katija, John H. Costello Jan 2010

A Wake-Based Correlate Of Swimming Performance And Foraging Behavior In Seven Co-Occurring Jellyfish Species, John O. Dabiri, Sean Colin, K. Katija, John H. Costello

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

It is generally accepted that animal–fluid interactions have shaped the evolution of animals that swim and fly. However, the functional ecological advantages associated with those adaptations are currently difficult to predict on the basis of measurements of the animal–fluid interactions. We report the identification of a robust, fluid dynamic correlate of distinct ecological functions in seven jellyfish species that represent a broad range of morphologies and foraging modes. Since the comparative study is based on properties of the vortex wake – specifically, a fluid dynamical concept called optimal vortex formation – and not on details of animal morphology or phylogeny, …

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Phenotypic Plasticity In Juvenile Jellyfish Medusae Facilitates Effective Animal–Fluid Interaction, J. C. Nawroth, K. E. Feitl, Sean Colin, John H. Costello, J. O. Dabiri Jan 2010

Phenotypic Plasticity In Juvenile Jellyfish Medusae Facilitates Effective Animal–Fluid Interaction, J. C. Nawroth, K. E. Feitl, Sean Colin, John H. Costello, J. O. Dabiri

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Locomotion and feeding in marine animals are intimately linked to the flow dynamics created by specialized body parts. This interaction is of particular importance during ontogeny, when changes in behaviour and scale challenge the organism with shifts in fluid regimes and altered functionality. Previous studies have indicated that Scyphozoan jellyfish ontogeny accommodates the changes in fluid dynamics associated with increasing body dimensions and velocities during development. However, in addition to scale and behaviour that—to a certain degree—underlie the control of the animal, flow dynamics are also dependent on external factors such as temperature. Here, we show phenotypic plasticity in juvenile …

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The Importance Of Open Access In Technology Transfer For Marine Ornamental Aquaculture: The Case Of Hobbyist-Led Breeding Initiative, Andrew L. Rhyne Jan 2010

The Importance Of Open Access In Technology Transfer For Marine Ornamental Aquaculture: The Case Of Hobbyist-Led Breeding Initiative, Andrew L. Rhyne

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Access to peer-reviewed literature is often restricted to a limited segment of the target audience. Barriers are in place to prevent open access information. Here, I present a case study of how the internet and hobbyists are transforming both access and flow of information from closed circles to open dialogue within the field of marine ornamental fish rearing. This open approach is leading to innovation a rate remarkably faster and at a lower costs than could have been accomplished by traditional methods. Aquaculture societies, aquarium professionals, hobbyists, and scientists pursuing the captive production of species should embrace this movement. Whether …

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The Evolution Of Euhermaphroditism In Caridean Shrimps: A Molecular Perspective Of Sexual Systems And Systematics, G. Curt Fiedler, Andrew L. Rhyne, Ryoko Segawa, Tadashi Aotsuka, Nikolaos V V. Schizas Jan 2010

The Evolution Of Euhermaphroditism In Caridean Shrimps: A Molecular Perspective Of Sexual Systems And Systematics, G. Curt Fiedler, Andrew L. Rhyne, Ryoko Segawa, Tadashi Aotsuka, Nikolaos V V. Schizas

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

The hippolytid genus Lysmata is characterized by simultaneous hermaphroditism, a very rare sexual system among Decapoda. Specialized cleaning behavior is reported in a few pair-living species; these life history traits vary within the genus. Unfortunately, the systematics of Lysmata and the Hippolytidae itself are in contention, making it difficult to examine these taxa for trends in life history traits. A phylogeny of Lysmata and related taxa is needed, to clarify their evolutionary relationships and the origin of their unique sexual pattern. In this study, we present a molecular phylogenetic analysis among species of Lysmata, related genera, and several putative …

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Effects Of Salinity On Reproduction And Survival Of The Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus Pelagicus, Cortney L. Ohs, Andrew L. Rhyne, Scott W. Grabe, Matthew A. Dimaggio, Erik Stenn Jan 2010

Effects Of Salinity On Reproduction And Survival Of The Calanoid Copepod Pseudodiaptomus Pelagicus, Cortney L. Ohs, Andrew L. Rhyne, Scott W. Grabe, Matthew A. Dimaggio, Erik Stenn

Arts & Sciences Faculty Publications

Four experiments were conducted on the calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus pelagicus, to determine the effects of salinity on survival, development time, reproductive output, and population growth in order to define the optimal salinity for culture. To determine the appropriate experimental salinity range we exposed nauplii and adults to abrupt salinity changes from 35 g/L to 5, 10, 15, 35, 42, and 48 g/L at 30 °C and determined survival after 24 hours. The second experiment stocked early stage nauplii into 1 L beakers after which they were cultured using standard procedures for 10 days at six salinities (10, 15, 20, …

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Development Of A Fluorescent Anti-Factor Xa Assay To Monitor Unfractionated And Low Molecular Weight Heparins, Leanne Harris, Vanessa Castro-Lopez, Nissrin Hammadi, James S. O'Donnell, Tony Killard Jan 2010

Development Of A Fluorescent Anti-Factor Xa Assay To Monitor Unfractionated And Low Molecular Weight Heparins, Leanne Harris, Vanessa Castro-Lopez, Nissrin Hammadi, James S. O'Donnell, Tony Killard

Articles

Fluorogenic assays have many potential advantages over traditional clot-based and chromogenic assays such as the absence of interference from a range of factor deficiencies as well as offering the possibility of assays in platelet rich plasma or whole blood. A fluorogenic anti-factor Xa (anti-FXa) assay has been developed for the determination of heparin-like anticoagulants including unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), namely enoxaparin and tinzaparin, and the synthetic heparinoid danaparoid, in commercial human pooled plasma. The assay was based on the complexation of heparin-spiked plasmas with exogenous FXa at a concentration of 4 nM in the presence of 0.9 …

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Comparative Study Of Factor Xa Fluorogenic Substrates And Their Influence On The Quantification Of Lmwhs, Vanessa Castro-Lopez, Leanne F. Harris, James S. O'Donnell, Anthony J. Killard Jan 2010

Comparative Study Of Factor Xa Fluorogenic Substrates And Their Influence On The Quantification Of Lmwhs, Vanessa Castro-Lopez, Leanne F. Harris, James S. O'Donnell, Anthony J. Killard

Articles

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are recognised as the preferred anticoagulants in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Anti-Factor Xa (anti-FXa) levels are used to monitor the anticoagulant effect of LMWHs and such assays are routinely employed in hospital diagnostic laboratories. In this study, a fluorogenic anti-FXa assay was developed using a commercially available fluorogenic substrate with an attached 6-amino-1- naphthalene-sulfonamide (ANSN) fluorophore and was used for the determination of two LMWHs, enoxaparin and tinzaparin and the heparinoid, danaparoid. The assay was based on the complexation of heparinised plasma with 100 nM exogenous FXa and 25 μM of the …

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Pleiotrophin And Its Role In Regulating Haemopoietic Stem Cell Regeneration, Rebecca Smith Jan 2010

Pleiotrophin And Its Role In Regulating Haemopoietic Stem Cell Regeneration, Rebecca Smith

Masters

HSCs are cells that have the capacity to self renew, proliferate and differentiate, providing cells of the mature blood system throughout a lifetime. The concept of such a cell was first considered in 1961 subsequent to the injection of healthy marrow into a lethally irradiated recipient mouse which mediated the reconstitution of mature blood cells in the irradiated host(Till and Mc Culloch, 1961). This finding provided preliminary experimental evidence that all of the blood cells were derived from a single type of progenitor cell, also known as HSC. The majority of mature blood cells have a limited life span, red …

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Stream Invertebrate Responses To A Catastrophic Decline In Consumer Diversity, Jose Checo Colón-Gaud, Matt R. Whiles, Karen R. Lips, Catherine M. Pringle, Susan Kilham, Roberto Brenes, Scot D. Peterson Jan 2010

Stream Invertebrate Responses To A Catastrophic Decline In Consumer Diversity, Jose Checo Colón-Gaud, Matt R. Whiles, Karen R. Lips, Catherine M. Pringle, Susan Kilham, Roberto Brenes, Scot D. Peterson

Biology: Faculty Publications

Tadpoles are often abundant and diverse consumers in headwater streams in the Neotropics. However, their populations are declining catastrophically in many regions, in part because of a chytrid fungal pathogen. These declines are occurring along a moving disease front in Central America and offer the rare opportunity to quantify the consequences of a sudden, dramatic decline in consumer diversity in a natural system. As part of the Tropical Amphibian Declines in Streams (TADS) project, we examined stream macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and production for 2 y in 4 stream reaches at 2 sites in Panama. One site initially had healthy amphibians …

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Analysis Of The Crmp Gene In Drosophila: Determining The Regulatory Role Of Crmp In Signaling And Behavior, Deanna Hardt Morris Jan 2010

Analysis Of The Crmp Gene In Drosophila: Determining The Regulatory Role Of Crmp In Signaling And Behavior, Deanna Hardt Morris

University of Kentucky Doctoral Dissertations

The mammalian genome encodes five collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP) isoforms. Cell culture studies have shown that the CRMPs mediate growth cone dynamics and neuron polarity through associations with a variety of signal transduction components and cytoskeletal elements. CRMP is also a member of a protein family including the presumably ancestral dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) protein that catalyzes the second step in pyrimidine degradation. In Drosophila, CRMP and DHP proteins are produced by alternatively spliced transcripts of the CRMP gene. The alternative protein forms have a 91% sequence identity, but unique expression patterns. CRMP is found exclusively in neuronal tissues and …

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Temporal Variations Of Surface Phytoplankton, Nutrients And Chlorophyll A In The Dardanelles (Turkish Straits System): A Coastal Station Sample In Weekly Time Intervals, Muhammet Türkoğlu Jan 2010

Temporal Variations Of Surface Phytoplankton, Nutrients And Chlorophyll A In The Dardanelles (Turkish Straits System): A Coastal Station Sample In Weekly Time Intervals, Muhammet Türkoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, weekly distributions of inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton cell volumes were investigated in relation to the hydrology of the Dardanelles. The data were collected between March 2001 and March 2002. NO^{-}_{2}+NO^{-}_{3}, PO_{4}^{-3}, and SiO_4 concentrations ranged between 0.050-6.887 µM, 0.051-1.152 µM, and 0.64-10.74 µM, respectively. During the study, the highest nutrient values were measured between late fall and mid-winter. Inorganic N:P and Si:P ratios in the surface water were lower due to high PO_{4}^{-3} concentrations. The chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 8.67 µg L^{-1}. Phytoplankton cell density and cell volume ranged from 1.54E + 05 to …

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The Interactive Effect Of Heavy Metals And Uv-B Radiation On Two Cucumber Cultivars, Shweta Mishra, Suruchi Singh, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Shashi Bhushan Agrawal Jan 2010

The Interactive Effect Of Heavy Metals And Uv-B Radiation On Two Cucumber Cultivars, Shweta Mishra, Suruchi Singh, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Shashi Bhushan Agrawal

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of supplemental UV-B (sUV-B) irradiance, and Cd and Ni treatment alone and in combination were evaluated on heavy metal accumulation, and growth, biomass, and yield responses in 2 cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L. cultivars Local Super Green and Tripti-19). Responses to the combined application of Cd and Ni in both cultivars were antagonistic. Cultivar Tripti-19 showed more sensitivity in terms of yield response towards sUV-B and heavy metals than did Local Super Green. sUV-B exposure increased the concentration of Cd/Ni in the roots, shoots, and fruits of cucumber plants, as compared to the unexposed plants. Bioaccumulation of Cd, …

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Cadmium-Induced Antioxidant Status And Sister-Chromatid Exchanges In Vicia Faba L., Serpi̇l Ünyayar, Ayşi̇n Güzel Değer, Ayla Çeli̇k, Fazi̇let Özlem Çeki̇ç, Sertan Çevi̇k Jan 2010

Cadmium-Induced Antioxidant Status And Sister-Chromatid Exchanges In Vicia Faba L., Serpi̇l Ünyayar, Ayşi̇n Güzel Değer, Ayla Çeli̇k, Fazi̇let Özlem Çeki̇ç, Sertan Çevi̇k

Turkish Journal of Biology

The effects of cadmium (Cd) on antioxidant responses and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in Vicia faba L. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR), and the levels of ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde (MDA, indicator of lipid peroxidation) were measured. Genotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the changes in the mitotic index (MI) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased activities of SOD and CAT were observed in plants treated with 50 and 100 µM Cd. It was found that APX activity increased remarkably with 50 µM Cd, but …

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A Native Glomus Sp. From Fields In Aydın Province And Effects Of Native And Commercial Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculants On The Growth Of Some Vegetables, Ayhan Yildiz Jan 2010

A Native Glomus Sp. From Fields In Aydın Province And Effects Of Native And Commercial Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculants On The Growth Of Some Vegetables, Ayhan Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Biology

Seventy soil samples were collected from 25 different plant varieties grown in fields in Aydın province. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were found in 59 soil samples; 58 of these were identified as Glomus sp. and 1 as Gigaspora sp. Due to its adaptation characteristics, growth rates, and colonization properties, Glomus sp. was selected for further study. The effects of Glomus sp. and BioOrganics (Glomus aggregatum, G. clarum, G. deserticola, G. intraradices, G. monosporus, G. mosseae, Gigaspora margarita, and Paraglomus brasilianum) on tomato, pepper, and cucumber plant development were evaluated. The indigenous Glomus sp. showed positive effects on cucumber and tomato …

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Siderophore, Hemolytic, Protease, And Pyrazinamidase Activities And Antibiotic Resistance In Motile Aeromonas Isolated From Fish, Belgi̇n Erdem, Ergi̇n Kari̇ptaş, Tayfun Kaya Jan 2010

Siderophore, Hemolytic, Protease, And Pyrazinamidase Activities And Antibiotic Resistance In Motile Aeromonas Isolated From Fish, Belgi̇n Erdem, Ergi̇n Kari̇ptaş, Tayfun Kaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

A total of 120 fresh water fish samples were evaluated for the presence of Aeromonas spp. A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii bv. sobria were isolated from the gills, intestines, livers, and skins of fish, and 78 isolated Aeromonas spp. strains were further examined for siderophore, hemolytic, protease, and pyrazinamidase activities and antibiotic resistance. Siderophore production was demonstrated in almost all of the A. hydrophila and A. caviae strains except for 2 strains of A. veronii bv. sobria. The strains identified as A. hydrophila and A. veronii bv. sobria were the stronger producers of hemolysin, whereas the A. caviae …

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Analysis Of Eurycea Hybrid Zone In Eastern Missouri, Bonnie Jean Beasley Jan 2010

Analysis Of Eurycea Hybrid Zone In Eastern Missouri, Bonnie Jean Beasley

Masters Theses

"Evolutionary mechanisms are often difficult to observe in action because evolution generally works slowly over time. Hybrid zones provide a unique opportunity to observe many evolutionary processes, such as reinforcement, because of the rapid changes that tend to occur in these zones. Salamanders provide an ideal model for examining the rapid changes in populations that result from hybridization because many closely-related species lack reproductive barriers. In Missouri, a well-documented hybridization zone exists among the two subspecies Eurycea longicauda longicauda (long-tailed salamander) and E. L. melanopleura (dark-sided salamander). These salamanders inhabit caves, limestone creek beds, and abandoned mine shafts. A closely …

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