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2005

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Articles 301 - 330 of 505

Full-Text Articles in Biology

The Social Environment Affects Mate Guarding Behavior In Japanese Beetles, Popillia Japonica, Yoriko Saeki, Kipp C. Kruse, Paul Switzer Jan 2005

The Social Environment Affects Mate Guarding Behavior In Japanese Beetles, Popillia Japonica, Yoriko Saeki, Kipp C. Kruse, Paul Switzer

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The effect of the social environment on post-copulatory mate guarding duration in Japanese beetles, (Popillia japonica Newman), was examined in a laboratory experiment. The mate guarding durations of beetles in different sex ratios and densities were observed for 10 hours. Guarding duration was longer when females were larger, suggesting the presence of ‘cryptic’ male mate choice. Densities, but not sex ratio, affected the duration of guarding bouts, with males guarding for longer at higher densities. This result implies that males increase their guarding duration under conditions in which their female may be likely to be encountered by other males. The …


A Theoretical Approach To Assessing Annual Energy Balance In Gray Whales (Eschrichtius Robustus), Nathalie Lucie Elizabeth Greenwald Jan 2005

A Theoretical Approach To Assessing Annual Energy Balance In Gray Whales (Eschrichtius Robustus), Nathalie Lucie Elizabeth Greenwald

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While direct measurements of energetic demands are nearly impossible to collect on large cetaceans, comprehensive bioenergetic models can give insights on such parameters by combining physiological and ecological knowledge. This model was developed to estimate necessary food intake of gray whales, Eschrichtius robustus, of the Eastern North Pacific stock. Field Metabolic Rates (FMR) for gray whales were first estimated based on various assumptions (e.g. volumetric representation of gray whales, extent of their feeding season, and blubber depth distribution) using morphometric data, energetic costs, and food assimilation according to age and gender specific requirements. Food intake rates for gray whales of …


Vegetation And Flora Of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois, Bob Edgin, Gordon Tucker, John Ebinger Jan 2005

Vegetation And Flora Of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois, Bob Edgin, Gordon Tucker, John Ebinger

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.


Historical Responses Of Marine Turtles To Global Climate Change And Juvenile Loggerhead Recruitment In Florida, Joshua Reece Jan 2005

Historical Responses Of Marine Turtles To Global Climate Change And Juvenile Loggerhead Recruitment In Florida, Joshua Reece

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Marine turtle conservation is most successful when it is based on sound data incorporating life history, historical population stability, and gene flow among populations. This research attempts to provide that information through two studies. In chapter I, I identify historical patterns of gene flow, population sizes, and contraction/expansion during major climatic shifts. In chapter II, I reveal a life history characteristic of loggerhead turtles previously undocumented. I identify a pattern of juvenile recruitment to foraging grounds proximal to their natal nesting beach. This pattern results in a predictable recruitment pattern from juvenile foraging ground aggregations to local rookeries. This research …


Native And Invasive Competitors Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Michelle Boudreaux Jan 2005

Native And Invasive Competitors Of The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica In Mosquito Lagoon, Florida, Michelle Boudreaux

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Populations of Crassostrea virginica within Mosquito Lagoon, Florida have recently undergone significant die-offs, which are a subject of major concern. Restoration efforts within Mosquito Lagoon are focusing on reconstructing the three-dimensional reef habitats. Before effective protocols can be established, however, important questions about the sources of juvenile and adult oyster mortality must be answered. Potential causes of Crassostrea virginica mortality in the Indian River Lagoon system include sediment loads, competition, predation, and disease. My research focused on the interactions between oysters and the competitors that may affect the settlement, growth, and survival of Crassostrea virginica. The four objectives of my …


Seed And Seedling Ecology Of Acer Saccharum And Acer Platanoides: A Contrast Between Native And Exotic Congeners, Scott Meiners Jan 2005

Seed And Seedling Ecology Of Acer Saccharum And Acer Platanoides: A Contrast Between Native And Exotic Congeners, Scott Meiners

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The exotic tree, Acer platanoides, is increasing in forests of northeastern North America, largely within the range of its native congener, Acer saccharum. A combination of field and controlled experiments was used on seeds and seedlings of these congeners to determine species characteristics that may be contributing to these floristic changes. Acer platanoides experienced lower rates of seed predation than A. saccharum in field experiments. Differences in the dispersal and allocation characteristics of the two species were small and not likely to explain the relative success of A. platanoides. Greenhouse- grown seedlings of A. platanoides were much larger than those …


Habitat And Exposure Modelling For Ecological Risk Assessment: A, T. Edwin Chow, Karen F. Gaines, Michael E. Hodgson, Machelle D. Wilson Jan 2005

Habitat And Exposure Modelling For Ecological Risk Assessment: A, T. Edwin Chow, Karen F. Gaines, Michael E. Hodgson, Machelle D. Wilson

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Contamination has a dramatic impact on the health of ecosystem and habitat suitability for the inhabited flora and fauna. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandates an ecological risk assessment (ERA) that evaluates the potential adverse impact of any anthropogenic activities on the ecosystem (US Environmental Protection Agency, 1997. Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessment. EPA/630/R-021011, Washington, DC). This study provides a general framework and specific procedures to predict the contaminant exposure of midsized mammals using a geographical information system (GIS)-based Monte Carlo simulation model. The model was applied to the raccoons (Procyon …


Temporal Patterns In Fall Migrant Communities In Yucatan, Mexico, Jill Deppe, John Rotenberry Jan 2005

Temporal Patterns In Fall Migrant Communities In Yucatan, Mexico, Jill Deppe, John Rotenberry

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

We quantified temporal turnover in the composition of fall migrant landbird communities along the northern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula using Detrended Correspondence Analysis. The presence of winter residents of many migrant species at the site prevented turnover from being complete. However, early and late season transient communities shared few, if any, species in common. Point-count surveys showed greater compositional change than net surveys that included winter residents. The rate of species turnover was generally slow until the middle of the season, when it reached a maximum, and decreased again toward the end of the season as species composition began …


Allosteric Models For Multimeric Proteins: Oxygen-Linked Effector Binding In Hemocyanin, Michael A. Menze, Nadja Hellman, Heinz Decker, Manfred K. Grieshaber Jan 2005

Allosteric Models For Multimeric Proteins: Oxygen-Linked Effector Binding In Hemocyanin, Michael A. Menze, Nadja Hellman, Heinz Decker, Manfred K. Grieshaber

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

In many crustaceans, changing concentrations of several low molecular weight compounds modulates hemocyanin oxygen binding, resulting in lower or higher oxygen affinities of the pigment. The nonphysiological effector caffeine and the physiological modulator urate, the latter accumulating in the hemolymph of the lobster Homarus Vulgaris during hypoxia, increase hemocyanin oxygen affinity and decrease cooperativity of oxygen binding. To derive a model that describes the mechanism of allosteric interaction between hemocyanin and oxygen in the presence of urate or caffeine, studies of oxygen, urate, and caffeine binding to hemocyanin were performed. Exposure of lobster hemocyanin to various pH values between 7.25 …


Trehalose Loading Through The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Enhances Desiccation Tolerance In Rat Liver Mitochondria, Xiang-Hong Liu, Alptekin Aksan, Michael A. Menze, Steven C. Hand, Mehmet Toner Jan 2005

Trehalose Loading Through The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Enhances Desiccation Tolerance In Rat Liver Mitochondria, Xiang-Hong Liu, Alptekin Aksan, Michael A. Menze, Steven C. Hand, Mehmet Toner

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Trehalose has extensively been used to improve the desiccation tolerance of mammalian cells. To test whether trehalose improves desiccation tolerance of mammalian mitochondria, we introduced trehalose into the matrix of isolated rat liver mitochondria by reversibly permeabilizing the inner membrane using the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Measurement of the trehalose concentration inside mitochondria using high perfOrmance liquid chromatography showed that the sugar permeated rapidly into the matrix upon opening the MPTP. The concentration of intra matrix trehalose reached 0.29 mmoVmg protein (-190 mM) in 5 min. Mitochondria, with and without trehalose loaded into the matrix, were desiccated in a …


The Relationship Between Community Diversity And Exotic Plants: Cause Or Consequence Of Invasion?, Scott J. Meiners, Mary L. Cadenasso Jan 2005

The Relationship Between Community Diversity And Exotic Plants: Cause Or Consequence Of Invasion?, Scott J. Meiners, Mary L. Cadenasso

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Invasion ecology has suffered from the artificial separation of invasibility and impact processes in understanding the ationship between diversity and plant invasion. By studying these independently functioning stages of invasion in concert, we can gain great insight into the biological causes and consequences of invasions, and develop crucial information for the generation of adequate management strategies. Our conceptual framework provides a structure to synthesize the current body of research, suggests research needed to fill the gaps in understanding and to organize results from future research. The framework is a powerful tool to guide ecological understanding of the relationship between invasion …


Vegetation And Flora Of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois, Bob Edgin, Gordon C. Tucker, John E. Ebinger Jan 2005

Vegetation And Flora Of American Beech Woods Nature Preserve, Clark County, Illinois, Bob Edgin, Gordon C. Tucker, John E. Ebinger

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

No abstract provided.


Temporal Patterns In Fall Migrant Communities In Yucatan, Mexico, Jill L. Deppe, John T. Rotenberry Jan 2005

Temporal Patterns In Fall Migrant Communities In Yucatan, Mexico, Jill L. Deppe, John T. Rotenberry

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

We quantified temporal turnover in the composition of fall migrant landbird communities along the northern coast of the Yucatan Peninsula using Detrended Correspondence Analysis. The presence of winter residents of many migrant species at the site prevented turnover from being complete. However, early and late season transient communities shared few, if any, species in common. Point-count surveys showed greater compositional change than net surveys that included winter residents. The rate of species turnover was generally slow until the middle of the season, when it reached a maximum, and decreased again toward the end of the season as species composition began …


Morphological Divergence Of Native And Recently Established Populations Of White Sands Pupfish (Cyprinodon Tularosa), Michael L. Collyer, James M. Novak, Craig A. Stockwell Jan 2005

Morphological Divergence Of Native And Recently Established Populations Of White Sands Pupfish (Cyprinodon Tularosa), Michael L. Collyer, James M. Novak, Craig A. Stockwell

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

We used landmark-based geometric morphometric methods to describe patterns of body shape variation and shape covariation with size among populations of the threatened White Sands Pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa), a species that occurs in dissimilar aquatic habitats. White Sands Pupfish populations include two genetically distinct, native populations that have been historically isolated in Salt Creek, a saline river, and Malpais Spring, a brackish spring. In addition, two populations were established approximately 30 years before this study by translocation of fish from Salt Creek to Lost River (a saline river) and Mound Spring (a brackish spring). We found significant body shape variation …


Social Organization Of The Eastern Rock Elephant-Shrew (Elephantulus Myurus): The Evidence For Mate Guarding, David O. Ribble, M. R. Perrin Jan 2005

Social Organization Of The Eastern Rock Elephant-Shrew (Elephantulus Myurus): The Evidence For Mate Guarding, David O. Ribble, M. R. Perrin

Biology Faculty Research

Understanding the costs and benefits of defending solitary females, or mate guarding, may be the key to understanding the evolution of monogamy in most mammals. Elephant-shrews, or sengis, are a unique clade of small mammals that are particularly attractive for studies of mate guarding. We studied the spatial organization of Eastern Rock Sengis (Elephantulus myurus) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, from August – December 2000. Our objectives were to describe the home ranges of males and females using radiotelemetry, noting the sizes and overlap of adjacent ranges and how the spatial organization changes through time. Males and females were …


Gambelia Wislizenii (Long-Nosed Leopard Lizard). Arboreal Behavior., Stephen C. Adolph, Sean P. Fogarty '06 Jan 2005

Gambelia Wislizenii (Long-Nosed Leopard Lizard). Arboreal Behavior., Stephen C. Adolph, Sean P. Fogarty '06

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

In the North American southwest, leopard lizards (genus Gambelia) are characteristically ground dwelling (Stebbins 2003. A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, 3rd ed., Houghton-Mifflin, New York. 533 pp.; Smith 1946. Handbook of Lizards, Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, New York. 557 pp.). In G. wislizenii, climbing is not mentioned in several substantive ecological studies of this species (Parker and Pianka 1976. Herpetologica 32:95-114; Tanner and Krogh 1974. Herpetologica 30:63-72), and to our knowledge, only a few seconds exist of climbing in this species. Clark (1974. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 77:68) observed a G. wislizenii perched 30 cm …


Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Aureus In Raw Milk In The North Of Palestine, Ghaleb Mohammad Adwan, Bassam Abu-Shanab, Kamel Adwan Jan 2005

Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Aureus In Raw Milk In The North Of Palestine, Ghaleb Mohammad Adwan, Bassam Abu-Shanab, Kamel Adwan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Enterotoxin genes (sea-see) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from milk of clinically healthy sheep and cows in the north of Palestine were determined using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thirty-seven (37%) out of 100 S. aureus isolates were toxin gene positive. Four strains (10.8%) were sea-positive, 20 (54.1%) were seb-positive, 4 (10.8%) were sec-positive, 6 (16.2%) were sed-positive and 3 (8.1%) were see-positive. None of these enterotoxigenic isolates carried more than one toxin gene. This study indicates that the presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus in raw milk can contribute to the sources of staphylococcal food poisoning in Palestine.


Two Purified Domains Of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Reconstitute Sequence-Specific Interactions With Rna, C. M. O'Connor, Cary K. Lai, Kathleen Collins Jan 2005

Two Purified Domains Of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Reconstitute Sequence-Specific Interactions With Rna, C. M. O'Connor, Cary K. Lai, Kathleen Collins

Biology Faculty Publications

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TER) function together to create a uniquely specialized polymerase. Here we have described for the first time domains of bacterially expressed Tetrahymena TERT that interacted directly with TER in the absence of assembly chaperones. We used quantitative binding assays to define TER sequence requirements for recognition by the high affinity RNA binding domain and an independent N-terminal RNA interaction domain. The TERT RNA binding domain and N-terminal RNA interaction domain had distinct, nonoverlapping requirements for TER sequence and structure that together accounted for all of the sites of TER contact inferred for full-length …


Relationship Between Habitat Distribution, Growth Rate, And Plasticity In Congeneric Larval Dragonflies, S. J. Mccauley Jan 2005

Relationship Between Habitat Distribution, Growth Rate, And Plasticity In Congeneric Larval Dragonflies, S. J. Mccauley

Biological Sciences

The relationship between habitat distribution, growth rate, and plasticity was examined in the larvae of three species of dragonfly in the genus Libellula L., 1758. Growth rates were compared under three conditions: in the absence of predation risk, in the presence of sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819; Pisciformes: Centrachidae), and in the presence of invertebrate predators. I assessed how the habitat distributions of the three species of dragonfly, specifically how commonly they occur with fish, were related to growth rates and to the level of growth plasticity under different levels of perceived predation risk. There was a negative relationship …


The Bell Family Legacies, William D. Stansfield Jan 2005

The Bell Family Legacies, William D. Stansfield

Biological Sciences

No abstract provided.


Use Of Cover And Response To Cover Type Edges By Female Sierra Nevada Red Foxes In Winter, John F. Benson, John D. Perrine, Richard T. Golightly Jr., Reginald H. Barrett Jan 2005

Use Of Cover And Response To Cover Type Edges By Female Sierra Nevada Red Foxes In Winter, John F. Benson, John D. Perrine, Richard T. Golightly Jr., Reginald H. Barrett

Biological Sciences

Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) use a variety of habitats across their range, including semiarid deserts, tundra, boreal forests, farmland, and urban areas (Larivière and Pasitschniak-Arts 1996). Within these habitats there is much variation in the use of different cover types among populations of red foxes (Jones and Theberge 1982, Halpin and Bissonette 1988, Theberge and Wedeles 1989, St-Georges et al. 1995). In Maine, red foxes used coniferous stands and open areas more than expected (Halpin and Bissonette 1988). In British Columbia, red foxes used shrub communities more than expected and open areas less than expected (Jones and Theberge 1982). In …


A Multiple-Objective Decision Analysis Of Stakeholder Values To Identify Watershed Improvement Needs, Jason R. W. Merrick, Gregory S. Parnell, Jamison Barnett, Margot Garcia Jan 2005

A Multiple-Objective Decision Analysis Of Stakeholder Values To Identify Watershed Improvement Needs, Jason R. W. Merrick, Gregory S. Parnell, Jamison Barnett, Margot Garcia

Statistical Sciences and Operations Research Publications

The paper describes the use of multiple objective decision analysis to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the quality of an endangered watershed and guide future efforts to improve the quality of the watershed. The Upham Brook watershed is an urban watershed that lies at the interface of declining inner city Richmond, Virginia and growth-oriented Henrico County. A section of stream within the watershed has been identified as so dangerously polluted that it threatens the health of the residents who live within the watershed boundaries. With funding provided by the National Science Foundation, the Upham Brook watershed project committee was formed to …


Decline In Avoidance Of Predator Chemical Cues: Habituation Or Biorhythm Shift?, Aaron M. Sullivan, John C. Maerz, Dale M. Madison Jan 2005

Decline In Avoidance Of Predator Chemical Cues: Habituation Or Biorhythm Shift?, Aaron M. Sullivan, John C. Maerz, Dale M. Madison

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

No abstract provided.


Abejas Altoandinas De Colombia: Guía De Campo, Victor H. Gonzalez, Monica Ospina, Daniel J. Bennett Jan 2005

Abejas Altoandinas De Colombia: Guía De Campo, Victor H. Gonzalez, Monica Ospina, Daniel J. Bennett

Faculty Publications

This guide is a contribution to the knowledge and conservation of bees, a group of very interesting and unknown to Colombia insects. Alrededor de 70 especies, agrupadas en 25 géneros habitan los Andes colombianos por encima de los 2.500 msnm. About 70 species, grouped in 25 genera inhabit the Colombian Andes above 2,500 meters. De éstas, por lo menos 15, son especies nuevas para la ciencia o están en proceso de descripción. Of these, at least 15 are new to science or are in the process of describing species. Igualmente, la guía busca incrementar la conciencia sobre la importancia de …


Antifungal Activity Of Camptothecin, Trifolin, And Hyperoside Isolated From Camptotheca Acuminata, Shiyou Li, Zhizhen Zhang, Abigail Cain, Bo Wang, Melissa Long, Josephine Taylor Jan 2005

Antifungal Activity Of Camptothecin, Trifolin, And Hyperoside Isolated From Camptotheca Acuminata, Shiyou Li, Zhizhen Zhang, Abigail Cain, Bo Wang, Melissa Long, Josephine Taylor

Faculty Publications

Leaf spots and root rots are major fungal diseases in Camptotheca acuminata that limit cultivation of the plant for camptothecin (CPT), a promising anticancer and antiviral alkaloid. Bioassays showed that pure CPT and flavonoids (trifolin and hyperoside) isolated from Camptotheca effectively control fungal pathogens in vitro, including Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum nigrum, Pestalotia guepinii, Drechslera sp., and Fusarium avenaceum, although antifungal activity of these compounds in the plant is limited. CPT inhibited mycelial growth by approximately 50% (EC50) at 10−30 μg/mL and fully inhibited growth at 75−125 μg/mL. The flavonoids were less effective than CPT …


A Survey Of Anuran Breeding Activity In Illinois, 1986-1989, Justin Florey, Stephen J. Mullin Jan 2005

A Survey Of Anuran Breeding Activity In Illinois, 1986-1989, Justin Florey, Stephen J. Mullin

Faculty Publications

tAmphibian populations have been declining worldwide, with several documented specie extinctions in the past two decades. Although monitoring population health can presen challenges, surveys of breeding choruses are relatively effective methods for assessing populations and population trends of many frog and toad species. We analyzed data from breeding chorus surveys conducted throughout Illinois from 1986 to 1989. Of the 20 species native to Illinois, 9 were stable or increasing during the survey period whereas the trends for other species were either inconsistent or indicated a decline in population size. To better assess population trends for Illinois frogs, we advocate re …


Evaluation Of A New Method For Measuring Salamanders, Leroy J. Walston, Stephen J. Mullin Jan 2005

Evaluation Of A New Method For Measuring Salamanders, Leroy J. Walston, Stephen J. Mullin

Faculty Publications

Collection of morphometric data is essential to many field studies of amphibian populations. One of the most common measurements obtained from salamanders is snout-to-vent length (SVL), a parameter useful in studies of sexual dimorphism (Bovero et al. 2003), demography (Semlitsch 1985), and systematics (Carlin 1997). Measuring salamander lengths in the field is challenging because of their small size, slimy texture, and propensity to maintain a nonlinear body position. Time expenditure is another concern, especially when researchers process large numbers of salamanders. Different measurement techniques vary in accuracy and precision, limiting the reliability of the data so that comparisons cannot be …


Allometry, Sexual Size Dimorphism, And Niche Partitioning In The Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus Turcicus), James B. Johnson, Lance D. Mcbrayer, Daniel Saenz Jan 2005

Allometry, Sexual Size Dimorphism, And Niche Partitioning In The Mediterranean Gecko (Hemidactylus Turcicus), James B. Johnson, Lance D. Mcbrayer, Daniel Saenz

Faculty Publications

Hemidactylus tucrius is a small gekkonid lizard native to the Middle East and Asia that is known to exhibit sexual dimorphism in head size. Several potential explanations exist for the evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism in lizards. We tested 2 of these competing hypotheses concerning diet partitioning and differential growth. We found no differences in Average meal size (volume) or in any single dimension of prey size for similarly sized males and females. allometric patterns of increases in head size also were measured in males and females. We found that males exhibited a mixture of isometric and positively allometric …


The Malagasy Endemic Dendroportulaca (Portulacaceae) Is Referable To Deeringia (Amaranthaceae): Molecular And Morphological Evidence [Abstract], Wendy L. Applequist, Donald B. Pratt Jan 2005

The Malagasy Endemic Dendroportulaca (Portulacaceae) Is Referable To Deeringia (Amaranthaceae): Molecular And Morphological Evidence [Abstract], Wendy L. Applequist, Donald B. Pratt

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


A Spatially Explicit Model Of The Wild Hog For Ecological Risk Assessment Activities At The Department Of Energy's Savannah River Site, Karen F. Gaines, Dwayne E. Porter, Tracy Punshon, I. Lehr Brisbin Jr. Jan 2005

A Spatially Explicit Model Of The Wild Hog For Ecological Risk Assessment Activities At The Department Of Energy's Savannah River Site, Karen F. Gaines, Dwayne E. Porter, Tracy Punshon, I. Lehr Brisbin Jr.

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

In North America, wild hogs (Sus scrofa) are both sought after as prime game and despised due to their detrimental impacts to the environment from their digging and rooting behavior. They are also a potentially useful indicator species for environmental health for both ecological- and human-based risk assessments. An inductive approach was used to develop probabilistic resource selection models using logistic regression to quantify the likelihood of hogs being in any area of the Department of Energy’s 805 km2 Savannah River Site (SRS) in west-central South Carolina. These models were derived by using available SRS hog hunt data from 1993–2000 …