Biology Commons^™

Deforestation In Nineteenth-Century Maine: The Record Of Henry David Thoreau, Geoffrey Paul Carpenter

Maine History

Thoreau’s Maine Woods, a record of three trips made between 1846 and 1857, offers a combination of literary metaphor and precise botanical and topographical observation. Comparing Thoreau’s journals with recent advances in forest ecology, author Geoffrey Paul Carpenter reveals a detailed picture of the various ways in which logging activity changed the forests, lakes, and rivers of Maine. Carpenter demonstrates that a precise understanding of forest history depends not only on traditional statistical sources, but also on the subjective personal testimony found in the literary record.

Sister Chromatid Exchange In Cultured Humanlymphocytes Treated With Carbosulfan, Ethlycarbamate And Ethly Methanesulfonat Separatelyand In Mixtures, Eyyüp Rencüzogullari, Mehmet Topaktas

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Carbosulfan (the effective ingredient in Marshal, a carbamate insecticide/nematocide), Ethyl Carbamate (EC=carcinogen and Ethyl Methanesulfonat (EMS=mutagen) separately and in mixtures to induce sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human lymphocytes and to nivestigate whether the test substances, as a mixture had any syn-ergistic or antogonistic effect. Carbosulfan separately weakly induced SCE during the 48 hour treat-ment. Although EC separately could not induce SCE, EMS separately induced dose-dependently SCE at 24 and 48 hour treatments. EC increased the RI, while Carbosulfan and EMS decreased it during the 48 hour treatment. The …

Pal-Like Protein Present In Chromatium Vinosum, H. Benan Dincturk, David B. Knaff

Turkish Journal of Biology

PAL is a peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein found in the cell membranes of many Gram-negative bacteria. The presence of PAL has been demonstrated in Escherichia coli and many bacteria. In this paper, we show the presence of a gene coding for a PAL-like protein in C. vinosum, a photosynthetic bacteria and the partial sequence of the PAL gene.

The Role Of Protein Synthesis On The Adhesionstrength Of Chl Cells, Ali Yildirim, William Jd Whish

Turkish Journal of Biology

Cells require protein synthesis to perform the adhesion function properly. In order to dis-cover the effect of endogenous protein synthesis on CHL cell adhesion; the adhesion strengths of cul-tured Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells that were grown for 24 hours on the glass surface in the pres-ence of 1µgml -1 of cycloheximide or emetine or, both were measured quantitatively using a converg-ing laminar flow chamber. The inhibition of protein synthesis by above drug(s) reduced cell adhesion strength significantly. Hence critical shear stress of detachment of cell were 8.68±1.52 Nm -2 , 8.13±1.48Nm -2 , and 6.57±1.01Nm -2 , respectively. While …

Sex Pheromones Of The Cereal Pest Eurygaster Inte-Gricepsputon (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)- Atheoretical Study, Lemi Türker

Turkish Journal of Biology

AM1-type molecular orbital calculations were performed on the geometry-optimized struc-tures of various 4-(1', 5' - dimethly -4' - heptenylidene) -1- methylcyclohexene isomers. It was found that the major component (4Z, 4'E isomer) of the sex pheromone of Eurygoaster integriceps is very dissimilar in chemical composition to the other isomers, although the stabilities and heats of the for-mation characteristics are comparable. However, some small molecules resembling only a part of the pheromone might exhibit some partial activity.

Recent Developments In Molecular Genetics Of Plantdisease Resistance, Hüseyin Basim

Turkish Journal of Biology

The field of plant-microbe interactions has seen several recent break-throughs as cloning and characterization of resistance ( R) genes from plants and avirulence ( avr) genes from pathogens. Although genetics, histology, and biochemistry of plant disease resistance are well known at the cellu-lar and population levels, a full understanding of pathogen resistance in plants at molecular level is recently becoming feasible throught cloning and sequencing of several putatively interacting plant and pathogen genes. This knowledge may lead to the establishment of important strategies in plant dis-ease control. The objective of this review is to provide a short and selective overview …

Correlations Between Changes In The Amount Ofendogenous Phytohormones And Flowering In Thesafflower ( Carthamus Tinctoriusl.), Hasan Baydar, Salih Ülger

Turkish Journal of Biology

Changes in the amounts of endogenous gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), indole-3-acedic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) during different growth periods of the safflower were studied by high-perfor-mance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A correlation was confirmed between low levels of GA 3 , as well as high levels of ABA, and the initia-tion of flowering. IAA reached its maximum level during bud formation, indicating that IAA might play an active role in the differentiation of bud formation. Changes in the amount of endogenous phytohormones in flower buds located in different parts of the plant indicate that ABA in particular plays …

A Study On The Phytoplankton Of Hasan Uğurludam Lake (Samsun-Turkey), Arif Gönülol, Olcay Obali

Turkish Journal of Biology

The composition and seasonal variations of phytoplankton of Hasan UGURLU Dam Lake were studied using samples collected from two stations between July 1992 to December 1993. 57 taxa were identified belonging to the Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Dinophyta and Euglenophyta divisions of phytoplankton. In the phytoplankton, Asterionella formosa, Cyclotella planc-tonica, Pediastrum simplex and Ceratium hirundinella caused water blooms in certain months. The light density and temperature affected the composition and seasonal variations in phytoplankton considerably. Nutrient levels in the lake did not limit the seasonal variations in phytoplankton. It was determined that Lake Hasan Ugurlu had mesotrophic characteristics because of the …

Contribution To The Geographic Distribution Ofrodent Species And Ecological Analyses Of Theirhabitats In Asiatic Turkey, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Rodent species in 17 selected localities were determined, and these localities were then compared with respect to rodent species composition. It was determined that a total of 27 rodent species are found in these localities, the number in each locality ranging from 6 to 12. Species previ-ously recorded in mixed and decidous forests in northern Asiatic Turkey, such as Glis glis, Muscardinus avellanarius, Microtus subterraneus and Clethrionomys glareolus, were found not to range across forested localities in west and south Asiatic Turkey in the dry summer season. It was also determined that rodents, which live in similar habitats in different …

Decolorization Of Orange Ii Dye With The Crudeculture Filtrate Of White Rot Fungus, Coriolusversi-Color, Özfer Yeşi̇lada, Birgül Özcan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Decolorization of Orange II dye was demonstrated with crude culture filtrate of white rot fungus, Coriolus versicolor. It was determined that the rate and extent of decolorization were depend-ent on the age (growth phase) of the crude culture filtrate (CCF). Dye decolorization abilities of the CCF of Funalia trogii, Pleurotus sajor-caju and Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446, after incubation for 12 days, were also studied. Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME446 was observed to be unable to decolorize any of 4 dyes used. Cyanide and azide, which are known inhibitors of enzyme, inhibited dye decolorization ability of the CCF. Heat treatment terminated decolorization activity of …

Biodegradation Of Heptachlor By Phanerochaetechrysosporium Me 446: The Toxic Effects Ofheptachlor And Its Metabolites On Mice, Münevver Arisoy, Nazif Kolankaya

Turkish Journal of Biology

On the basis of degradation properties of Phanerochaete chroysosporiumME 446 found in white-rot fungi in respect of many organic compounds with toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic charac-teristics, the physiological conditions effective for the degradation of heptachlor (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8- heptachloro-3a, 4, 7, 7a-tetrahydro-4, 7-methanoindene), an organic chlorine used in insecticides Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME were determined. The potential toxic effects of heptachlor and metabolites on mice were also investigated. For the degradation of heptachlor, the optimum pH was found to be 5, incubation period 20 days, and incubation temperature, 30 o C-35 o C, while the optimum concentrations …

Regeneration - The Road Not Taken, Raymond E. Sicard

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Regeneration and repair are mutually-exclusive, adaptive responses to injury. The events associated with each process are well characterized. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms for their regulation are only now beginning to be defined. Moreover, full appreciation for factors that predispose to these contrasting pathways is not yet available. This article presents a perspective on regeneration and repair that suggests specific relationships between these modes of responding to injury. Injury provokes a coordinated pattern of response to tissue damage. At the wound site, local events determine whether tissue restoration or replacement occurs. Interplay among parenchymal and stromal cells at the site …

Regenerative Biology: New Tissues For Old, David L. Stocum

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Throughout the human life cycle, tissues are regenerated either continuously to maintain tissue integrity in the face of normal cell turnover or in response to acute or chronic damage due to trauma or disease states. Blood, epithelia of skin and tubular organs, hair and nails, and bone marrow are examples of human tissues which regenerate continuously as well as in response to damage. Bone, muscle, adrenal cortex and kidney epithelium also regenerate in response to damage, and bone is continually remodeled in response to stress vectors.

The response of many other vital tissues to damage, however, is not regeneration but …

Wound Repair, Raymond E. Sicard, Jeffry D. Shearer, Michael D. Caldwell

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Following injury, a series of events is initiated that includes global and local reactions. Global reactions, such as inflammatory and immunological responses as well as adjustments in neural and endocrine status, are directed at marshaling the organism's resources for dealing with changes in its integrity and the potential threat of infection or other complications. Injury entails cell and tissue damage and often a physical breach in the barrier against the outside world (e.g., skin). Local reactions are exemplified by immediate hemostatic (e.g., blood clotting) events followed by changes in local cellular composition created by the inflammatory infiltrate and adjustments in …

Perspectives On Liver Regeneration, Janeen H. Trembley, Clifford J. Steer

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Tissue Engineering: At The Interface Between Engineering, Biology And Medicine, Brenda Ogle, Priti Gairola, Jodi Balik, Daniel L. Mooradian

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Expression In Endothelial Cells Is Induced By Mechanical Wounding, Paul J. Sammak, Phuong Oanh Tran, Timothy A. Olson

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Endothelial cell motility is central to several biological processes including angiogenesis during wound healing, reendothelialization of vessel walls after damage and neovascularization of tumors. However, control mechanisms that stimulate and inhibit cell movement are not known. Our objective is to understand the signals that initiate movement of endothelial cells. To examine these questions, we used an in vitro wound model of quiescent pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers which were stimulated to move by mechanical injury. Ca2+ signaling at the time of wounding produces long lasting effects on cell movement. We investigated whether new gene transcription after wounding might also stimulate …

Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor And Hepatocyte Growth Factor Content Of Wound, Repair, And Muscle Regeneration Fluids, Raymond E. Sicard, Wendy A. Mand

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Injury produces marked changes to the local environment. Changes in both diversity and availability of bioactive substances at wound sites might discriminate between repair and regeneration microenvironments and selectively drive events leading to final resolution. Among factors with potential relevance to wound repair and regeneration are basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In this study, concentrations of these factors were determined in fluids derived from wound, repair, and regeneration-conditioned models using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. All fluids contained substantial concentrations of bFGF which rose 5- to I 5-fold as resolution to injury was achieved. Mean bFGF content …

Recent Developments In Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Mahmut Tör

Turkish Journal of Biology

Generally, plants are affected by biotic and abiotic elicitors in nature. These elicitors are recognized by receptors on the plasma membrane and the information is passed to the responsible part of the cell via a signal transduction pathway. In terms of plant-pathogen interaction, the products of avr genes of the pathogens are recognized by the products of R genes of the host plant. Following recognition, the other genes, including kinases, in the cascade are phosphorylated and the defence mechanisms of the plant are activated. As a result, the plant cell commits suicide and the growth of the pathogen is restricted. …

Phanerochaete Chrysosporium And Funalia Trogii For The Degradation Ofcotton Stalk And Their Laccase, Peroxidase, Ligninase And Cellulaseenzyme Aktivities Under Semi-Solid State Conditions, Sibel Şik, Ali Ünyayar

Turkish Journal of Biology

The potential of white rot fungi, namely Phanerochaete chrysosporium ME 446 and Funalia trogii for the degradation of lignocellulosics and their ligninolytic enzyme activities under semi-solid state conditions has been studied. In this study, cotton plant stalk which is an agrowaste, is used as lignocellulosics material. It's very good source of fibrous raw material for the manufacture of pulp and paper industry, and also is available abundantly. In this study, proportion of lignin and cellulose is in cotton stalk 23±2 % and 40±3 % respectively. Degradation of lignin and cellulose by P. chrysosporium and F. trogii under semi-solid state were …

Nitrifying Bacterial Activity In South Eastern Black Sea(Coast Of Sürmene), Nüket Si̇vri̇, Hikmet Karaçam, Muzaffer Feyzi̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this, some physico-chemical properties of seawater and their relationships with nitrification process were studied. Monthly water samples were taken at 9 stations (40^0 11' 19"-40^0 15' 47" E, 40^0 55' 26", 40^0 58' 00" N) along Sürmene coastline of South Eastern Black Sea during the period of December 1992 to August 1994. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, NO_3 - -N, NO_2 - -N and PO_4 -3 -P values were varied between 6.5-25.9^0C, 6.9-9.1 mg/l, 0.378-0.5 mg/l, 0.023-0.047 mg/l, 0.0055-0.0455 mg/l respectively. Most probable number of Nitrosococcus and Nitrobacter were 12-32 cell/100 ml and 12-29 cell/100 ml. There were significant relationships between …

A Comparison Of Germ Tube Production By Candidaalbicans In Three Media, Gülhan Vardar-Ünlü

Turkish Journal of Biology

The conversion of C. albicans. from commensal to the pathogenic state is associated with its ability to make the dimorphic transition from the yeast to the hyphal (germ tube) form. Three liq-uid media were compared in ability to promote germ tube production by C. albicans. Medium 199 and Glucose-Glycine Medium at 37°C were highly satisfactory and gave 90 % conversion of yeast cells to hyphal-form cells. Sucrose-Gelatine medium gave only 15% conversion. Glucose-Glycine medium appeared to give more rapid germ tube production than 199 Medium.

A Comparision Of The Right And Left Hippocampus In Therabbit Brain In Terms Of Cell Density, Hayri Genç

Turkish Journal of Biology

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural asymmetry between the hemispheres by comparing the number of pyramidal cells in the right dorsal hippocampus with left dorsal hippocampus in the rabbit brain. Six adult domestic New Zeland rabbits were used in experiments. All animals were perfused intracardially with neutral formaline (10 %) under deep aneasthesia. The serial frontal sections were stained with thionin. The rostro-caudal level of these sections were determined by using a stereotaxic atlas of the rabbit brain. The number of pyramidal neurons was determined by counting identifiable neurons which had distict nucleus and nucleolus. The …

Combined Effects Of Endosulfan, Dimethoate And Carbaryl On Serumcalcium Levels And Heart Muscle Of Rats, Güldeniz Özmen, E. Arzu Elcüman

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, combination of low [acceptable daily intake (ADI)] and high (10xADI) doses of endosulfan, dimethoate and carbarly were administrated orally to the male rats for 3.5 months. Serum calcium levels of rats in all groups were determined. At the same time, whether or not there was calcification in heart muscle of rats in all groups were investigated histochemically. Serum calcium levels of rats treated with high dose of endosulfan+carbaryl and dimethoate+carbaryl mixture decreased significantly in comparison with controls. Calcification was not found in heart muscle tissues of the rats in all groups according to the results of histochemical …

The Influence Of Biology Education On Attitudes To Humanity And Worldpeace, Yalçın Yetki̇n

Turkish Journal of Biology

The purpose of this study was to determine whether biology education has any effect on behaviour and opinions with regard to humanity and world peace. The subjects were 37 student volunteers, 19 male and 18 female, from the Biology Department of Atatürk University. They were asked what influence biology education has on individual peace of mind and attitudes to world peace. The students responses indicated that, owing to their biology education, they have greater self-awareness (46.9%), are better able to think in a balanced way and to find their place in society. They also reported a greater capacity to love …

Investigation Of Mold Flora In Moldy Cheeses Of Konya And Itsvicinity, Birol Özkalp, Yusuf Durak

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, 140 moldy cheese samples were investigated in view of mold flora. 9 microfungi species which belong to Penicillium and Aspergillus genera were isolated from moldy cheese samples. 87.16% of isolates were Penicillium and 12.84% were Aspergillus species. P. ro-queforti were determined as dominant species in all samples.

Fine Structure Of A-Type Neurosecretory Cells In Abscisic Acid Treatedlocusta Migratorial. (Orthoptera), Önder Deveci̇

Turkish Journal of Biology

Fine structure of A-type neurosecretory cells was investigated in the adult males of Locusta migratoria in solitary phase. The cells were surrounded by glial cell processes and contained electron dense granules of 257 nm in an average diameter. Most of the granules were alongated but some were spherical. In control group insects, regular narrow channels of rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were evident in the peripheral parts of the cells. Golgi complexes were observed with electron dense material within its vacuoles and vesicles. The number of stored granules were not abundant and large empty areas were observed in the cells. In …

Fatty Acid Composition In Phospholipid And Triacylglycerol Fractions Ofmelanogryllus Desertuspall. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), Mehmet Başhan

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, the fatty acid compositions in phospholipid and triacylglycerol factions of ten-day- old adults of both sexes of Melanogryllus desertusreared on stock culture medium under labora-tory conditions, and the total fatty acid composition of the stock culture medium were analysed sep-arately by gas chromatography. Quantitative analysis of both fractions and the stock culture medium showed that oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids constituted the major part of the fatty acid compositions. The fatty acid compositions of the phospholipid and triaclglycerol fractions were quantitatively different. Moreover, a polyunsaturat-ed fatty acid. linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acids which is the precursor of …

Effects Of Salt And Exogenous Putrescine On Seed Germination And Earlyseedling Growth Of Helianthus Annuusl. Var. Santafe, Fatma Teki̇n, Suna Bozcuk

Turkish Journal of Biology

Effects of salt (NaCl) and putrescine (Put.) and various combinations of these (salt+Put.) on germination and some early growth parameters of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L. var. Santafe) plants, grown under the controlled conditions, were investigated. Salt was used in 3 different con-centrations (50, 100, 200mM) and also, Put. was applied in 3 levels (0.01, 1, 2 mM). The salt treat-ment alone inhibited or delayed the seed germination, depending on concentration. Furthermore, some growth parameters (length of radicle, fresh and dry weights) studied in germination period were adversely affected by salt. In the treatment alone of Put., regardless of the …

The Changes Of The Localization Of Ascorbic In The Rat Adrenalgland On Microwave Applied, Yusuf Nergi̇z, M. Aydın Ketani, Zülküf Akdag, M. Salih Çeli̇k, Ö. Mukaddes Şahan

Turkish Journal of Biology

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of microwave on the localization of ascorbic acid in the rat adrenal gland. We studies on 21 male Spraque-Dawley rast (220-250 g), aged 2.5 month. The animals were divided into three different groups. First group was taken on control (n:7). The second group (n:7) 9450 MHz, 2.65 mW/cm 2 was applied for one hour a day for 13 days, while in the third group (n:7) this application continued for 52 days. Rast were sacrified under ether anaesthesia and then their adrenal gland were removed enbloc and fixed in silver nitrate …