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Articles 241 - 270 of 498
Full-Text Articles in Biology
The Effects Of Feliway On The Stress Of Cats During Veterinary Examination, Colleen Doonan
The Effects Of Feliway On The Stress Of Cats During Veterinary Examination, Colleen Doonan
Honors Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Feliway® during veterinary examination. Feliway® contains a synthetic version of the F3 pheromone, secreted from the cheeks of Felis sylvestris catus when rubbing against objects in the environment. It is presumed to allow cats to establish a home range to feel secure. A double-blind study was conducted to address the limitations of another study that concluded Feliway® is useful for reducing stress experienced by cats during veterinary examination. The current study found that Feliway® is not useful by itself for adequate stress reduction during feline examinations. It was concluded …
Population Genetics Of The Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes Flavipes, In The Southern Appalachian Mountains, Lee Ann Passarella
Population Genetics Of The Eastern Subterranean Termite, Reticulitermes Flavipes, In The Southern Appalachian Mountains, Lee Ann Passarella
Honors Theses
As an area rich in biodiversity, the Appalachian Mountains are an ideal place for biological research. The pronounced impacts of Pleistocene climatic cycles on forest distributions over time have shaped the evolutionary history of animals that depend on these habitats, underpinning the research that is presented here. The present study on the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, was conducted to better understand the spatial distribution of genetic diversity within and among populations of this species in the context of the aforementioned historical climatic changes in the southern Appalachian Mountain region. I hypothesized that there would be geographically localized, distinct genetic …
An In Vitro Analysis Of The Relative Efficacies Of Antibiotic Solutions Vs. Antiseptics In Breast Augmentation And Reconstruction Surgery, Victoria Noyes
An In Vitro Analysis Of The Relative Efficacies Of Antibiotic Solutions Vs. Antiseptics In Breast Augmentation And Reconstruction Surgery, Victoria Noyes
Honors Theses
Breast augmentation and reconstruction procedures are among the most popular plastic surgeries in the U.S. Opportunistic bacterial pathogens introduced during surgery can lead to surgical site infections, capsular contractures, biofilm formation, and lymphoma. To prevent these infections, an antibiotic solution containing Cefazolin, Gentamicin, and Bacitracin (Adams’ Antibiotic Solution - AS) has traditionally been used for irrigation. Due to antibiotic resistant pathogens and a debate over the efficacy of irrigation by AS to reduce infections, alternatives must be found. This study considers the use of the antiseptic chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) as an alternative irrigation solution. In vitro, we exposed pure cultures …
Laurel Dace (Chrosomus Saylori) Reproductive Behaviors, Christopher Cronnon
Laurel Dace (Chrosomus Saylori) Reproductive Behaviors, Christopher Cronnon
Honors Theses
This thesis focuses on observations of the reproductive behaviors of the Laurel Dace (Chrosomus saylori), an endangered fish species in which reproductive behaviors have not been previously documented in a scientific publication. I worked with the Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute (TNACI) to determine the reproductive behaviors for the Laurel Dace. The results from this study will be used to inform the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) on the likely reproductive behaviors of Laurel Dace and to help these agencies determine the best protocols for a future propagation program to facilitate captive breeding …
Tanapox: A Potential Oncolytic Virus For The Treatment Of Cancer, Joel Marty
Tanapox: A Potential Oncolytic Virus For The Treatment Of Cancer, Joel Marty
Honors Theses
The National Cancer Institute defines cancer as a group of related diseases characterized by unimpeded cell division with metastatic abilities. Cells frequently mutate and potentially become cancerous, but generally these cells are cleared by the immune system. The disease state of cancer arises when the mutated cells evade the immune clearance, which indicates medical intervention is required. Current therapies most commonly utilize chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination of the two, however, alternative therapies are being developed such as immunotherapies and oncolytic viruses (OVs). OVs cause a viral infection, clearing cancerous cells through viral replication mechanisms, such as viral cytolysis, while …
Does Interest Equal Success? Evaluating Student Perceptions Of The Study Of Biology And Their Effects On Student Success In An Introductory Biology Course, Courtney Irene Barlow
Does Interest Equal Success? Evaluating Student Perceptions Of The Study Of Biology And Their Effects On Student Success In An Introductory Biology Course, Courtney Irene Barlow
Honors Theses
As instructors begin to devote more time to improving student perceptions of biology, the validity of these efforts should be determined. Do students possessing favorable views of biology regularly perform on a higher level than those with less favorable impressions, or would class time be better spent without exercises intended to increase student interest? The goal of this project was to address the research questions “How do students view the study of biology?”, “How do student perceptions of the subject area affect their performance in an Introductory Biology course?”, and “How does a student’s chosen area of study affect their …
Molecular Monitoring Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) In A Hospital Setting, Jessica Ammon
Molecular Monitoring Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) In A Hospital Setting, Jessica Ammon
Honors Theses
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a potentially pathogenic bacterium that poses a serious risk in healthcare settings. MRSA can be characterized by a genetic element, known as the staphylococcal cassette chromosome, which harbors the gene responsible for methicillin resistance, mecA. MRSA can be classified into two categories: community acquired (CA) and hospital acquired (HA). S. aureus strains represent a major health concern due to their prevalence in healthcare facilities and their rapidly evolving antibiotic resistance. The current study investigated the association between MRSA isolates obtained from patients and from the intensive care units in a local hospital. Among the …
The Influence Of Plant Modularity On The Defense Against Specialist Insect Herbivory, Jill Syrotchen
The Influence Of Plant Modularity On The Defense Against Specialist Insect Herbivory, Jill Syrotchen
Honors Theses
Little work has been done to determine the relationship between modularity and chemical defense induction against herbivory in herbaceous plant species. We investigated this topic using Asclepias syriaca, common milkweed, and one of its specialist aphid herbivores, Aphis nerii. We studied milkweeds of varying modularities growing in the prairies of Pierce Cedar Creek Institute in Hastings, MI and introduced A. nerii to the plants, monitoring growth of plants and aphid populations over time. After A. syriaca leaves and A. nerii were harvested from study sites, leaf samples from aphid and control treatments were analyzed to measure variation with degree of …
Gdf-15 As A Biomarker For Glaucoma, Caylee Pattison
Gdf-15 As A Biomarker For Glaucoma, Caylee Pattison
Honors Theses
Biomarkers are measurable substances in an organism that are indicative of some phenomenon. Examples of biomarkers in clinical settings are body temperature and blood pressure. Body temperature is indicative of a fever while blood pressure can be used to monitor someone’s risk of a stroke. Previous studies have investigated the possibility of there being a potential biomarker for glaucoma. One possible biomarker identified is growth differentiation factor 15 or GDF15. These studies prompted a study in our lab using a rat glaucoma model. The objective of this study was to show there is a biomarker present for the neurodegenerative disease, …
The Effects Of The Omega-3 Fatty Acid Decosahexaenoic Acid On Intracellular Myo-Inositol Levels And The Ino1 Gene Expression In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Taejun Ok
Honors Theses
Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder portrayed with repeated episodes of mania and depression. Its current treatments often entail inefficacy and negative side effects. From previous clinical research, omega-3-fatty acids were suggested to be effective in the amelioration of bipolar disorder. Such an effect is hypothetically attributed to their ability to alter the level of myo-inositol, a molecule that valproate and lithium are known to deplete out. Thus, the goal of this study is to determine the effects of the omega-3 decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on myo-inositol levels and the expression of the myo-inositol synthase gene INO1. Yeast cells were cultured …
Evaluating Mutagenicity Of Burned Arginine-Based Heterocyclic Amines And Anti-Mutagenicity Effect Of Chinese Medicinal Herbs, Rayford C. Alva
Evaluating Mutagenicity Of Burned Arginine-Based Heterocyclic Amines And Anti-Mutagenicity Effect Of Chinese Medicinal Herbs, Rayford C. Alva
Honors Theses
From the unexpected finding that cooked grains and meat substitutes elicit a mutagenic response in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, our work has been aimed at deconstructing this finding via a survey of heated binary amino acid combinations, involving arginine, a plant-based amino acid. secondly, our work has looked towards sing phytochemical extracts from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs to inhibit the mutagenic activity of heterocyclic amines (main culprit for mutagenicity in meat). Two fractions from the burned products of arginine and phenylalanine (RF-HCA-06 and -07) were statistically significant inducers of mutagenesis; Scutellaria barbata and Oldenlandia diffusa, both separately and together, were statistically …
A Note On The Onset Of Synchronous Egg Laying In A Seabird Behavior Model, Dorothea Gallos, Christiane Gallos
A Note On The Onset Of Synchronous Egg Laying In A Seabird Behavior Model, Dorothea Gallos, Christiane Gallos
Honors Theses
Protection Island, Washington hosts a large colony of Glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens). These birds are known to exhibit every-other-day egg-laying synchrony in dense areas of the colony in response to egg cannibalism, which is the main source of egg loss. Here we present an equilibrium analysis of a discrete-time animal behavior model for egg laying. We use Jury Conditions to find the stability criteria for the equilibrium as a function of the colony density and show that a 2-cycle bifurcation occurs when the equilibrium loses stability. The 2-cycle pattern in egg laying becomes increasingly synchronous as the colony density increases. …
Critical Amino Acids For The Folding Of Carboxypeptidase O, Donn Latour
Critical Amino Acids For The Folding Of Carboxypeptidase O, Donn Latour
Honors Theses
Enzymes must fold properly to function. For carboxypeptidases, a prodomain usually assists in this process. However, carboxypeptisdase O (CPO) can fold without one. We hypothesized that this prodigious ability could arise from an amino acid whose fortunate positioning stabilizes its neighbors during folding. We identified four unique, conserved amino acids and mutated them to their equivalent counterpart in CPA, a cousin of CPO, which requires a prodomain. We expressed the mutated genes in mammalian cells and checked for expression by western blotting. Our results indicate that three of four mutations were not expressed, hinting at the possible importance of these …
Effects Of Eggshell Coloration On Egg Cannibalism Among Glaucous-Winged Gulls, Isabelle Hwang
Effects Of Eggshell Coloration On Egg Cannibalism Among Glaucous-Winged Gulls, Isabelle Hwang
Honors Theses
A common source of reproductive loss in gulls is egg cannibalism. At a large Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) colony on Protection Island, Washington, cannibalism accounts for 55% of egg loss. Because cannibalism is a form of predation and birds have a highly developed sense of vision, I hypothesized that visible light coloration of Glaucous-winged Gull eggs plays a role in determining whether they are cannibalized. I used logistic regression to test whether egg fate was related to egg brightness, specific coloration, specific spot coverage, coloration relative to the most common coloration, and spot coverage relative to the most common spot …
If You Build It, They Will Come: A Habitat Mimicry-Based Assessment Tool For Estimating Larval Salamander Density In Temperate Forests Streams, Margaret E. Maloney
If You Build It, They Will Come: A Habitat Mimicry-Based Assessment Tool For Estimating Larval Salamander Density In Temperate Forests Streams, Margaret E. Maloney
Honors Theses
The biology of small, forested streams is critical to the ecology of larger waterways and broader watershed function. Because of their size, these “headwater streams” are strongly influenced by surrounding landscape conditions and their biology is intimately connected to the landscape through material and energy subsidies. In the United States, 50 to 80 percent of streams are primary headwater streams, making them a high priority for conservation. Often, stream salamanders are a useful indicator for biotic integrity of headwater streams due to their longevity, relatively stable populations, small home ranges, and abundance. Assessing stream salamanders is a challenging endeavor and …
Determining The Role Of Fatty Acid Composition In Antibiotic Resistance, Andrew Deak
Determining The Role Of Fatty Acid Composition In Antibiotic Resistance, Andrew Deak
Honors Theses
Bacterial infections that can no longer be treated by antibiotics because of bacterial mutations cause many infections and deaths each year. My research conducted aims to study how membrane fatty acid composition can affect membrane susceptibility to antibiotics. Listeria monocytogenes, a gram-negative facultative anaerobe, is the bacterium that I am testing. Listeria has 80-90% branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) which allow membrane fluidity and sufficient protection against invaders. When Listeria is grown in the presence of butyrate, the BCFAs become straight-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and make the once fluid membrane more rigid. This allows for easier antibiotic penetration of the phospholipid …
Characterization Of The Glycosylation Of Aquaglyceroporin Hc-3 In Erythrocytes From The Freeze Tolerant Anuran, Dryophytes Chrysoscelis, Dante L. Pezzutti
Characterization Of The Glycosylation Of Aquaglyceroporin Hc-3 In Erythrocytes From The Freeze Tolerant Anuran, Dryophytes Chrysoscelis, Dante L. Pezzutti
Honors Theses
By utilizing an extreme physiological adaptation known as freeze-tolerance, Cope’s gray tree frog, Dryophytes chrysoscelis, freezes and then subsequently thaws up to 65% of its extracellular fluid to survive the winter. During these periods of freezing and thawing, erythrocytes (RBCs) of D. chrysoscelis utilize a protein, aquaglyceroporin HC-3, that facilitates transmembrane flux of both water and cryoprotective glycerol to mediate osmotic adjustments. RBCs from cold-acclimated tree frogs up-regulate HC-3 protein expression, which coincides with more abundant membrane localization and higher levels of glycosylation. However, the functional significance of HC-3 glycosylation on membrane localization and cellular freeze tolerance is currently not …
Changes In Herbaceous Plant Diversity In An Old-Growth Ohio Forest Before And After Emerald Ash Borer Invasion, Taylor Melissa Buskey
Changes In Herbaceous Plant Diversity In An Old-Growth Ohio Forest Before And After Emerald Ash Borer Invasion, Taylor Melissa Buskey
Honors Theses
The herbaceous layer of eastern North American deciduous forests is an important contributor to biodiversity in this region. One of the greatest threats to herbaceous plant diversity is the introduction of invasive species, which can suppress native species and alter local environmental conditions. Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer) is a non-native insect pest that has caused a mass death of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America since its introduction to the United States. The resultant changes in canopy structure may affect local conditions and thus have indirect impacts on herbaceous layer composition. Drew Woods State Nature Preserve is a …
Chronic Administration Of Probiotic L. Rhamnosus Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior In Group-Housed Male Long Evans Rats, Parker Maddison Griff
Chronic Administration Of Probiotic L. Rhamnosus Increases Anxiety-Like Behavior In Group-Housed Male Long Evans Rats, Parker Maddison Griff
Honors Theses
Early life stress is a risk factor for later development of alcohol use disorders and anxiety disorders in humans. Using rodent experimental models, we know that rats experiencing social isolation as early-life stress exhibit greater anxiety-like behavior and alcohol consumption than rats housed in groups. Examining potential preventive strategies, we investigated the effects of probiotics, which have previously been shown to decrease rodent anxiety-like behavior, on the relationship between early-life stress and anxiety-like behavior in rats. We hypothesized that probiotics consumption would decrease anxiety-like behavior in socially isolated rats, as well as in rats housed in groups. To our surprise, …
Characterizing Borrelia Burgdorferi In Virginia : Lyme Disease Prevalence As A Matter Of Bacterial Genetic Variation, Hannah Cornman
Characterizing Borrelia Burgdorferi In Virginia : Lyme Disease Prevalence As A Matter Of Bacterial Genetic Variation, Hannah Cornman
Honors Theses
yme Disease (LD) incidence and spatial distribution has grown dramatically in the past 20 years. In Virginia, the growth has been especially drastic, primarily in the Western part of the state. This research project investigates how genetic variability of the Lyme Disease causing bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi, might be contributing to this increase in LD incidence in western Virginia. To do this, B. burgdorferi samples were isolated from ticks found across the state and were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Phylogenetic and minimum spanning tree analyses were also performed. It was hypothesized that the increasing number of Lyme disease infections …
Role Of Nest Site Microclimate And Food Availability In Chick Development And Reproductive Success In Black-Legged Kittiwakes (Rissa Tridactyla), Lindsay Mae Lacey
Role Of Nest Site Microclimate And Food Availability In Chick Development And Reproductive Success In Black-Legged Kittiwakes (Rissa Tridactyla), Lindsay Mae Lacey
Honors Theses
Seabirds are marine top predators, and as such are often studied as bioindicators of climate shifts (Oswald and Arnold 2012). Though many studies have analyzed the effect of macroclimatic variation on marine prey species availability and thus seabirds, few have analyzed effects of microclimate - fine spatial patterns of climate (Mantua and Hare 2002; Hatch 2013; Kim and Monaghan 2005a). I tested the hypothesis that localized temperature and humidity at nest sites interact with food availability to alter black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) nest site quality, chick body condition during growth and development, and reproductive parameters including Julian lay …
Interactions Between Two Key Amphibian Defenses To Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis In Panamanian Glass Frogs (Espadarana Prosoblepon), Andi Levorse
Honors Theses
Research on the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), the causative agent of the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, has advanced from assessments of pathogenicity and species susceptibility to more specialized questions concerning the complex interactions between the pathogen, species-specific immune responses, and the environment. Our work examines the potential for interactions between the two most important innate immune defenses of frogs against Bd: secretions of antimicrobial peptides and communities of commensal cutaneous bacteria. While both defenses have been studied individually, little data are available to examine interactions between these defenses. We conducted our study with field captured Panamanian glass frogs …
Characterizing The Effects Of Mutations In Stm And Ath1 On Floral Organ Development In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Hayden Malone
Characterizing The Effects Of Mutations In Stm And Ath1 On Floral Organ Development In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Hayden Malone
Honors Theses
Understanding the molecular controls involved in plant development is important in understanding plant physiology as a whole, and this knowledge in turn can lead to useful applications in agriculture and industry. This project investigates the roles of two transcription factors, SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) and ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1 (ATH1) in the molecular pathway that creates boundaries between organs in flowers of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutations in the STM and ATH1 genes prevent formation of basal boundaries between the floral organs and the stem, causing abscission defects in flowers. If the STM and ATH1 genes are also critical for establishing the boundaries …
The Effects Of Mutations In The Ath1 And Stm Genes On Sepal, Petal, And Stamen Abscission In Arabidopsis Thaliana Plants, Hunter L. Roth
The Effects Of Mutations In The Ath1 And Stm Genes On Sepal, Petal, And Stamen Abscission In Arabidopsis Thaliana Plants, Hunter L. Roth
Honors Theses
Floral organ boundaries are areas that allow distinct organs within a flower to differentiate from each other and the underlying stem. Boundary regions are also where abscission zones (AZs) can form, which allow floral organs to abscise, or detach, from the plant. This study takes a look into a pair of genes, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1 (ATH1) and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM), which code for transcription factors found in Arabidopsis thaliana that are responsible for proper boundary formation and AZ specification. Mutations in one or both of these genes affect AZ formation of specific floral organs. The ATH1 and STM transcription …
Determination Of The Chromosomal Position Of Three Mutations Using Recombination Mapping In Drosophila Melanogaster, Zane Bryant Coleman
Determination Of The Chromosomal Position Of Three Mutations Using Recombination Mapping In Drosophila Melanogaster, Zane Bryant Coleman
Honors Theses
Genetic screens are performed in order to characterize genes and mutations, often relating to developmental processes. A previous genetic screen performed in Drosophila melanogaster found three mutations on the second chromosome affecting glial cell development: FF12, DD68, and D19. These mutations each disrupted the pattern and expression of reversed polarity (repo), a target gene of the glial fate master regulator, glial cells missing (gcm). Here, I use recombination mapping with phenotypically observable dominant markers to locate the genetic map position of each mutation. This method provides a rapid estimate of the mutations' locations that can then be tested against molecularly-defined …
Characterizing The Effects Of Stm And Ath1 Mutations On Floral Organ Development In Arabidopsis Thaliana, James Luke Leary
Characterizing The Effects Of Stm And Ath1 Mutations On Floral Organ Development In Arabidopsis Thaliana, James Luke Leary
Honors Theses
The purpose of this project was to explore the function of SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA HOMEOBOX GENE1 (ATH1), two transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana that play a role in the molecular pathways that establish organ boundaries in flowers. Prior research has shownthat mutations in the STM and ATH1 genes cause defects in the boundaries formed between floral organs and the stem of the plant. My study was designed to investigate whether ATH1 and STM also control the boundaries found between adjacent floral organs. I predicted that stm ath1-3 double mutant flowers would display a significant number of stamen-stamen and …
The Construction And Characterization Of Vaccines Expressing The Pre-Membrane And Glycoprotein E Antigens Of The West Nile Virus, Ryan Johnson
Honors Theses
The West Nile Virus (WNV) is a positive polarity, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. In this family, there are several globally relevant human pathogens including dengue fever virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), yellow fever virus (YFV), the newly emerging Zika virus, and the West Nile Virus (WNV). WNV, like other Flaviviruses, is spread by an arthropod vector, and can cause West Nile fever and West Nile encephalitis and meningitis, and is now considered to be endemic in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the United States. No vaccine is currently available to prevent WNV infection, …
Development Of A Novel Salivary Cortisol Laboratory Experiment For Undergraduate Physiology Students, Charmin C. Guy
Development Of A Novel Salivary Cortisol Laboratory Experiment For Undergraduate Physiology Students, Charmin C. Guy
Honors Theses
Developing an endocrine-based laboratory exercise for undergraduate students is challenging because of the limitations that are characteristic of endocrine processes. These laboratory exercises often involve invasive methods and expensive biochemical analysis. They are also time consuming because of the slow-acting endocrine responses. A potential endocrine-based exercise that can be completed in 2-3 hours, is non-invasive, and at a low cost is a salivary assay. This assay is not without drawbacks, however, including sample collection outside the laboratory classroom. Cortisol is a hormone that is accessible in saliva and provides some insight into the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA Axis), also known as …
Purkinje Cell Morphology And Display Complexity In Manakins (Pipridae), Mary Harvey
Purkinje Cell Morphology And Display Complexity In Manakins (Pipridae), Mary Harvey
Honors Theses
Manakins are a suboscine, lekking bird of the tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America that perform complex mating displays shaped by sexual selection. The complexity of the mating display varies greatly across species of manakins. Some manakins only perform a limited number of different motor elements, whereas others have elaborate displays that consist of acrobatic movements and mechanical sound production. The complexity of these displays has been found to be positively related to brain weight, brain volume, arcopallium volume, body weight, and tarsus size but shows no relationship to the nucleus rotundus or nucleus taeniae. The volume …
Effects Of Housing Management On Vaccination Success Against Eimeria Infection In Chickens, Louis Wilson Benton
Effects Of Housing Management On Vaccination Success Against Eimeria Infection In Chickens, Louis Wilson Benton
Honors Theses
Coccidiosis is a disease of the gastrointestinal system of commercially raised chickens (Gallus gallus). The infection is caused by multiple parasitic species of the coccidian genus Eimeria. Eimeria proliferate within large poultry houses leading to decreased nutrient absorption, anorexia, and death of the host. Scheduled vaccination with live coccidian oocysts should minimize production losses, but various management factors may contribute to variation in the outcome. I investigated whether by tracking infection cycles in detail it might be possible to improve poultry production. Feces were collected daily from four farms across a two-month period to understand how peaks in oocyst shedding …