Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (51)
- Plant Sciences (38)
- Plant Biology (31)
- Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology (24)
- Arts and Humanities (21)
-
- Biochemistry (18)
- Microbiology (18)
- Population Biology (18)
- Religion (17)
- Cell and Developmental Biology (16)
- Genetics and Genomics (16)
- Evolution (15)
- Behavior and Ethology (12)
- Cell Biology (12)
- Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology (10)
- Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology (8)
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering (6)
- Engineering (6)
- Microbial Physiology (6)
- Ethics in Religion (5)
- Genetics (5)
- Molecular Genetics (4)
- Bacteriology (3)
- Biophysics (3)
- Genomics (3)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (3)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (3)
- Anthropology (2)
- Keyword
-
- Biology (49)
- Bibliography (24)
- Genomics (23)
- Evolution (21)
- Cancer (20)
-
- Epigenetics (17)
- Cellular mechanotransduction (15)
- Microtubules (13)
- Development (12)
- Zebrafish (12)
- Diabetes (11)
- Genetics (11)
- Arabidopsis (10)
- Inflammation (10)
- Microbiome (10)
- Microbiota (10)
- DNA methylation (9)
- Hematopoiesis (9)
- Microglia (9)
- Cooperation (8)
- Ion channels (8)
- Macrophages (8)
- Mitochondria (8)
- RNA (8)
- Urinary tract infection (8)
- Antibiotic resistance (7)
- Arabidopsis thaliana (7)
- Bioinformatics (7)
- Community assembly (7)
- Immunotherapy (7)
- Publication Year
- Publication
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 601 - 630 of 1126
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Determining The Genetic Contributions Of The Williams Syndrome Critical Region To Behavior Using Mouse Models And Human Genetics, Nathan David Kopp
Determining The Genetic Contributions Of The Williams Syndrome Critical Region To Behavior Using Mouse Models And Human Genetics, Nathan David Kopp
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Williams syndrome is a neurodevelopmental model caused by the deletion of 26-28 genes on chr7q11.23. The loss of these genes affects multiple organ systems resulting in severe cardiovascular disease, craniofacial dysmorphology, intellectual impairment, a specific Williams syndrome cognitive profile made up of deficits in visual-spatial processing with preserved language skills, and a characteristic hypersocial personality. The reciprocal duplication occurs at a lower frequency and manifests with diametric phenotypes to the deletion. This suggests that this locus harbors dosage sensitive genes that play a role in neurodevelopment. Large efforts have been taken to identify which genes are responsible for causing the …
High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography During Passive Movie Viewing: A Platform For Naturalistic Functional Brain Mapping, Andrew Kelsey Fishell
High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography During Passive Movie Viewing: A Platform For Naturalistic Functional Brain Mapping, Andrew Kelsey Fishell
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Human neuroimaging techniques enable researchers and clinicians to non-invasively study brain function across the lifespan in both healthy and clinical populations. However, functional brain imaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are expensive, resource-intensive, and require dedicated facilities, making these powerful imaging tools generally unavailable for assessing brain function in settings demanding open, unconstrained, and portable neuroimaging assessments. Tools such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) afford greater portability and wearability, but at the expense of cortical field-of-view and spatial resolution. High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography (HD-DOT) is an optical neuroimaging modality directly addresses the image quality limitations associated with …
Mechanism Of Activation Of Uvrd Helicase By A Processivity Factor Mutl, Yerdos Ordabayev
Mechanism Of Activation Of Uvrd Helicase By A Processivity Factor Mutl, Yerdos Ordabayev
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
E. coli UvrD is a superfamily 1A helicase/translocase involved in DNA repair, recombination, and replication. I investigated the role of E. coli MutL, a regulatory protein involved in methyl-directed mismatch DNA repair, in the regulation of UvrD-catalyzed DNA unwinding. Using single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and single round stopped-flow DNA unwinding experiments I demonstrated that MutL can activate latent UvrD monomer helicase activity and also stimulate UvrD dimer helicase activity. Furthermore, using analytical ultracentrifugation experiments I determined that a single MutL dimer is sufficient to activate UvrD monomer helicase. DNA unwinding experiments with a series of DNA substrates …
Visual And Chemosensory Pathways Associated With Male Courtship Decisions In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ross Mckinney
Visual And Chemosensory Pathways Associated With Male Courtship Decisions In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ross Mckinney
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Successful mating in diverse animal species often depends on ritualistic sequences of spatially and temporally coordinated behavioral elements. Yet, the sensory cues and neural circuits that mediate optimal mating display patterns are largely unknown. The courtship ritual in Drosophila melanogaster consists of a well-studied sequence of behavioral elements — including orienting, chasing, tapping, singing, and licking — that are known to depend on several sensory modalities, including both vision and chemosensation. However, the specific sensory inputs utilized by males to direct the spatial and temporal transitions between different elements of the courtship ritual are not well understood. In this thesis, …
Brain Blood Flow And Metabolism: Variable Relationships In Altered Metabolic States, Tyler M. Blazey
Brain Blood Flow And Metabolism: Variable Relationships In Altered Metabolic States, Tyler M. Blazey
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Brain metabolism is usually thought of in terms of energy production. Decades of research has shown that the brain derives the majority of its energy from the oxidative phosphorylation of glucose transported from the blood into the brain. Because of this, cerebral blood flow (CBF), the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption (CMRglc), and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) generally are tightly coupled. Indeed, the coupling between CBF, CMRglc, and CMRO2 is robust enough such that many investigators believe them to be equivalent measures of brain activity.Nevertheless, research over the last few decades has shown that cerebral …
Understanding The Transcriptional Mechanisms Underlying Dendritic Cell Development, Prachi Bagadia
Understanding The Transcriptional Mechanisms Underlying Dendritic Cell Development, Prachi Bagadia
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise an important immune lineage that plays a critical role in initiating and sustaining the proper immune response. They can be divided into two distinct branches, classical/conventional DCs (cDCs) or plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). cDCs can further be classified as cDC1 or cDC2. Each DC subset exerts unique functions in vivo and are necessary for a complete immune response.The precise transcriptional programs underlying DC specification and commitment remain unclear. cDC1, cDC2, and pDC all arise from the common DC progenitor (CDP) in the bone marrow. How the CDP gives rise to all three DC subsets in an important …
The Role Of Mitofusins In The Osteoclast Lineage, Anna Ballard
The Role Of Mitofusins In The Osteoclast Lineage, Anna Ballard
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Mitochondria exist in a highly dynamic network in many cell types, and mutations in mitochondrial transmembrane GTPase mitofusin2 (MFN2), a key factor that mediates mitochondrial tethering, cause defects in the nervous system. Intriguingly, the skeleton has been overlooked in patients with such mutations. Because expression of MFN2 and its homolog, mitofusin1 (MFN1) increase with maturation of osteoclasts (OCs), which are rich in mitochondria, we sought to determine the role of mitofusins in the OC lineage. Double knockout of Mfn1 and Mfn2 in OC precursors by Lysozyme-M cre reveals that mitofusin activity is required for OC function and maintenance of bone …
Multi-Omic Understanding Of The Evolution Of Xenobiotic Tolerance In Bacterial Isolates And Communities, Tayte Paul Campbell
Multi-Omic Understanding Of The Evolution Of Xenobiotic Tolerance In Bacterial Isolates And Communities, Tayte Paul Campbell
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Xenobiotic compounds are any chemicals that are released into an environment by human action and that occur at concentrations higher than found naturally. Xenobiotics, including aromatic compounds and antibiotics, are recalcitrant to degradation because they are often toxic or mutagenic. Despite this toxicity, bacteria account for a large portion of xenobiotic degradation in the environment. Bacteria are able to adapt to these foreign chemicals, gaining increased levels of tolerance and increased rates of xenobiotic degradation. On the strain level, increased tolerance can be caused by mutations in individual cells or through the acquisition of genes from other cells. At the …
High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography During Passive Movie Viewing: A Platform For Naturalistic Functional Brain Mapping, Andrew Kelsey Fishell
High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography During Passive Movie Viewing: A Platform For Naturalistic Functional Brain Mapping, Andrew Kelsey Fishell
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Human neuroimaging techniques enable researchers and clinicians to non-invasively study brain function across the lifespan in both healthy and clinical populations. However, functional brain imaging methods such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are expensive, resource-intensive, and require dedicated facilities, making these powerful imaging tools generally unavailable for assessing brain function in settings demanding open, unconstrained, and portable neuroimaging assessments. Tools such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) afford greater portability and wearability, but at the expense of cortical field-of-view and spatial resolution. High-Density Diffuse Optical Tomography (HD-DOT) is an optical neuroimaging modality directly addresses the image quality limitations associated with …
Regulation Of The Yeast Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase Tel1 At Double-Strand Dna Breaks And At Telomeres, Sarem Hailemariam
Regulation Of The Yeast Cell Cycle Checkpoint Kinase Tel1 At Double-Strand Dna Breaks And At Telomeres, Sarem Hailemariam
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
The work discussed in this dissertation focuses on two distinct areas that are critical for genome maintenance. Both areas are focused on the regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae checkpoint kinase Tel1 by the MRX complex. Tel1 kinase initiates cell cycle checkpoint in response to double-strand DNA breaks. Tel1 also plays a major role in telomere maintenance. Tel1’s function both in checkpoint signaling and telomere regulation is dependent on the Mre11-Rad50-Xrs2 complex. In Chapter II, I describe a robust biochemical approach aimed at reconstituting the initial stages of double-strand DNA break response using purified proteins in order to address how the …
Genomic Signatures Of Conflict And Cooperation In Plants And Social Amoebae, Katherine Sylvia Geist
Genomic Signatures Of Conflict And Cooperation In Plants And Social Amoebae, Katherine Sylvia Geist
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Arms races involve bouts of reciprocal co-adaptation to a social environment. We have a strong sense for how arms races drive the evolution of genes in purely antagonistic contexts, such as host-pathogen or predator-prey. In these systems, conflict that produces arms races between two parties results in positive selection – the fixation of adaptive alleles between species – for both parties. However, we do not have an equal sense for how arms races during cooperative enterprises shape genic evolution. If we assume that arms races affect genic evolution similarly regardless of context – antagonistic or cooperative – then we would …
Understanding The Physiology Of Extracellular Electron Uptake In Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria, Michael Singh Guzman
Understanding The Physiology Of Extracellular Electron Uptake In Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria, Michael Singh Guzman
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Microbially catalyzed oxidation-reduction reactions drive nutrient cycling and energy flux on Earth. Photoautotrophs, which include the cyanobacteria (oxygenic) and purple and green sulfur bacteria (anoxygenic), transform light energy into chemical energy and are responsible for substantial global primary productivity. Anoxygenic phototrophs, in particular, play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling in anoxic illuminated environments because of their ability to oxidize an array of inorganic compounds for CO2 fixation. Electron donors include molecular hydrogen, nitrite, and reduced sulfur compounds. Recent evidence has also suggested that solid-phase conductive substances (SPCSs), including rust (mixed-valent iron minerals) and their proxies (poised electrodes), can serve …
Visual And Chemosensory Pathways Associated With Male Courtship Decisions In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ross Mckinney
Visual And Chemosensory Pathways Associated With Male Courtship Decisions In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ross Mckinney
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Successful mating in diverse animal species often depends on ritualistic sequences of spatially and temporally coordinated behavioral elements. Yet, the sensory cues and neural circuits that mediate optimal mating display patterns are largely unknown. The courtship ritual in Drosophila melanogaster consists of a well-studied sequence of behavioral elements — including orienting, chasing, tapping, singing, and licking — that are known to depend on several sensory modalities, including both vision and chemosensation. However, the specific sensory inputs utilized by males to direct the spatial and temporal transitions between different elements of the courtship ritual are not well understood. In this thesis, …
Elucidation Of The Role Of S100a8/A9 And Neutrophils In Chronic Tuberculosis, Ninecia Scott
Elucidation Of The Role Of S100a8/A9 And Neutrophils In Chronic Tuberculosis, Ninecia Scott
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is the number one killer due to a single infectious agent. Although, there is a vaccine against TB and antimicrobial treatments available, approximately 1.8 million people die each year. This underlines the importance of identifying and understanding mediators of TB pathogenesis to develop new diagnostics for early detection and therapies to treat individuals progressing to active disease. One of the cellular mediators that may play a role in TB pathogenesis are neutrophils. Neutrophils have been associated with active Tuberculosis (ATB); however, the role that neutrophils play within Mtb infection and disease is still …
Mechanism Of Activation Of Uvrd Helicase By A Processivity Factor Mutl, Yerdos Ordabayev
Mechanism Of Activation Of Uvrd Helicase By A Processivity Factor Mutl, Yerdos Ordabayev
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
E. coli UvrD is a superfamily 1A helicase/translocase involved in DNA repair, recombination, and replication. I investigated the role of E. coli MutL, a regulatory protein involved in methyl-directed mismatch DNA repair, in the regulation of UvrD-catalyzed DNA unwinding. Using single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and single round stopped-flow DNA unwinding experiments I demonstrated that MutL can activate latent UvrD monomer helicase activity and also stimulate UvrD dimer helicase activity. Furthermore, using analytical ultracentrifugation experiments I determined that a single MutL dimer is sufficient to activate UvrD monomer helicase. DNA unwinding experiments with a series of DNA substrates …
Diverse Far-Red Light Utilization Strategies In Cyanobacteria And Algae, Benjamin Martin Wolf
Diverse Far-Red Light Utilization Strategies In Cyanobacteria And Algae, Benjamin Martin Wolf
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
In their natural environments, photosynthetic organisms are often exposed to widely varied light environments. Species adapted to shade light, often found growing in lower layers of photosynthetic biofilms, must survive on filtered light alone. Filtered light is highly enriched in far-red wavelengths, which are normally unavailable for photosynthetic energy production in most oxygenic phototrophs. To overcome light limitations in filtered light environments, some species of algae and cyanobacteria utilize specialized photosynthetic pigments and antenna systems to harvest these far-red wavelengths. By sampling the natural environment and using custom-built far-red light growth chambers, I have isolated several species of oxygenic phototrophs …
Mechanisms Of Nestmate Recognition Cue Production In The European Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera., Cassondra Leigh Vernier
Mechanisms Of Nestmate Recognition Cue Production In The European Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera., Cassondra Leigh Vernier
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Social insects are some of the world’s most ecologically successful animal groups, and their complex societies are considered one of the pinnacles of animal evolution. Since these organisms live in colonies composed of many individuals and stored resources, they are a target for intruders, such as parasites, predators and conspecific robbers. Therefore, many social insect species have evolved mechanisms for nest defense, including nestmate recognition, where guarding individuals at the entrance of the colony use cues on incoming individuals to determine whether they are nestmates or intruders. Although nestmate recognition is incredibly important for maintaining colony integrity and fitness, the …
Secretory Iga Enhances Gut B Cells Priming And Systemic Igg Responses Towards Commensals, You Zhou
Secretory Iga Enhances Gut B Cells Priming And Systemic Igg Responses Towards Commensals, You Zhou
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
IgA is the primary antibody response at mucosal surfaces and is reported to inhibit adaptive immune responses against gut bacteria. Here, we utilize an in vitro system to expand and screen IgA memory B cells for their ability to recognize gut bacteria in the context of secretory IgA (sIgA) deficiency in polymeric Ig receptor (Pigr–/–) mice. Contrary to the prevailing hypothesis that IgA provides an immune exclusionary function, we found that mice lacking sIgA showed decreased anti-bacterial IgA specificities as assessed using flow cytometry. IgA B cell responses against certain taxa such as those of order Bacteriodales showed greater dependence …
Cyanogenesis And The Genetics Of Local Adaptation In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), Sara Jeanes Wright
Cyanogenesis And The Genetics Of Local Adaptation In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), Sara Jeanes Wright
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Geographically widespread species experience varied selection across their ranges, and adaptation to local environments plays a critical role in their ability to persist. Understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation is a longstanding goal in evolutionary biology and provides practical information for agriculture and conservation. However, the genetic architecture of local adaptation has been characterized in relatively few plant species, primarily those with short lifespans and high rates of self-fertilization. Moreover, for plants, chemical defenses are known to play an important role in adaptation, but the extent to which they contribute to local adaptation is less understood. This dissertation provides …
The Degenerating Star Clock: Circadian Clock Regulation Of Astrogliosis And Implications For Alzheimer’S Disease, Brian Vincent Lananna
The Degenerating Star Clock: Circadian Clock Regulation Of Astrogliosis And Implications For Alzheimer’S Disease, Brian Vincent Lananna
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Sleep disruption and circadian dysfunction are common symptoms of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The molecular rhythms in transcription/translation that govern these behavioral processes are mediated by clock genes and can be abrogated by deletion of the master circadian transcription factor Bmal1 (Arntl). We have shown that disruption of clock gene function in the mouse brain causes astrogliosis, synaptic damage, oxidative stress, and exacerbated neurodegeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms linking the circadian clock to these phenotypes and their implications for AD pathology remain largely unknown. Astrocyte activation occurs in response to diverse insults, and plays a critical …
The Evolutionary And Functional Roles Of Synonymous Codon Usage In Eukaryotes, Zhen Peng
The Evolutionary And Functional Roles Of Synonymous Codon Usage In Eukaryotes, Zhen Peng
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Most amino acids are encoded by multiple synonymous codons. Although alternative usage of synonymous codons does not affect the amino acid sequences of proteins, researchers have been reporting evidence for functional synonymous codon usage at the species- and gene-specific levels for over four decades. It has been shown that variations in synonymous codon usage can affect phenotypes through diverse mechanisms such as shaping translation efficiency and mRNA stability. On the other hand, the common view that cellular and organismal phenotypes are primarily determined by proteins whose functions are primarily determined by amino acid sequences, often drives the assumption that synonymous …
Mapping And Functional Analysis Of Cis-Regulatory Elements In Mouse Photoreceptors, Andrew Hughes
Mapping And Functional Analysis Of Cis-Regulatory Elements In Mouse Photoreceptors, Andrew Hughes
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Photoreceptors are light-sensitive neurons that mediate vision, and they are the most commonly affected cell type in genetic forms of blindness. In mice, there are two basic types of photoreceptors, rods and cones, which mediate vision in dim and bright environments, respectively. The transcription factors (TFs) that control rod and cone development have been studied in detail, but the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) through which these TFs act are less well understood. To comprehensively identify photoreceptor CREs in mice and to understand their relationship with gene expression, we performed open chromatin (ATAC-seq) and transcriptome (RNA-seq) profiling of FACS-purified rods and cones. …
Glycan Precursor Transport In Cryptococcus Neoformans, Lucy X. Li
Glycan Precursor Transport In Cryptococcus Neoformans, Lucy X. Li
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Glycans play diverse biological roles, ranging from structural and regulatory functions to mediating cellular interactions. For pathogens, they are also often required for virulence and survival in the host. Our interest in glycoconjugates stems from their role in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. This yeast colonizes the lungs and disseminates to the brain of immunocompromised individuals, where it causes a meningoencephalitis that is frequently lethal, killing almost 200,000 people each year. The major virulence factor of this yeast is a polysaccharide capsule that enables it to manipulate the host immune response and resist host antimicrobial defenses.Synthesis of the capsular glycans …
A Neural Network For Uncertainty Anticipation And Information Seeking, Jensen Kael White
A Neural Network For Uncertainty Anticipation And Information Seeking, Jensen Kael White
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
In a world flooded with ‘click bait’, ‘alternative facts’, and ‘fake news’ one’s ability to seek out, discern, and value information is of utmost importance. Although contemporary phenomena, these cultural ills take advantage of an evolutionarily-preserved drive for humans and nonhuman animals to monitor for and pursue opportunities to gain information. Indeed, in a natural environment where rewards are scarce and can be risky, animals often seek sensory cues as a source of information about future outcomes. Interestingly, humans and nonhuman animals will seek sensory information that provides advance information that predicts an outcome even when this information does not …
A Combinatorial Approach Of Ionomics, Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping, And Transcriptome Analysis To Characterize Element Homeostasis In Maize, Alexandra Asaro
A Combinatorial Approach Of Ionomics, Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping, And Transcriptome Analysis To Characterize Element Homeostasis In Maize, Alexandra Asaro
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
In plant systems, genetic and biochemical pathways impact uptake of elements from the soil. These environment-sensitive pathways often act in the root tissue to impact element concentrations throughout the plant. In order to characterize element regulation as well as apply ionomics to understand plant adaptation, perspectives are needed from multiple tissues and environments and from approaches that take interactions between elements into account. The work described in this thesis includes multi-environment and multi-tissue experiments that connect variation in genetic sequence, and in gene expression, with variation in element accumulation. The associations found here include those that are sensitive to environment, …
Activation Of Toll-Like Receptor 3 Translates To Long-Term Post-Viral Lung Disease, Xinyu Wang
Activation Of Toll-Like Receptor 3 Translates To Long-Term Post-Viral Lung Disease, Xinyu Wang
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) causes substantial human and economic costs both in the US and worldwide. To identify the molecular mechanisms to allow for targeted therapies for COPD, we developed a high-fidelity mouse model of chronic lung inflammation using the natural rodent pathogen Sendai virus (SeV). While nucleic acid-sensing pattern recognition receptors are important for innate immune responses to viral pathogens, there have been few studies investigating their role in the context of chronic disease. Here we show that Toll-like receptor 3 (Tlr3) signaling is required for the development of chronic lung disease in a postviral mouse model. Activation …
Defining Gastric Epithelial Cell Population Dynamics At Homeostasis And Following Injury, Joseph Ronald Burclaff
Defining Gastric Epithelial Cell Population Dynamics At Homeostasis And Following Injury, Joseph Ronald Burclaff
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Gastric diseases affect many people around the world, yet surprisingly little is known about the basic dynamics of gastric epithelial cells. Loss of acid-secreting parietal cells has long been observed to precede pre-cancerous gastric metaplasias like Spasmolytic Polypeptide-Expressing Metaplasia (SPEM), yet no signaling component from dying parietal cells has yet been implicated in initiating the metaplastic responses. Also, experiments pulsing 3H-thymidine and or examining intracellular components suggest that gastric mucous neck cells are short-lived transient intermediates between the gastric stem cell and mature zymogenic “chief” cells, yet specifics about this transition remain elusive. Here, we develop a novel mouse line …
Development Of Enteric Neurons And Muscularis Macrophages, Marina Avetisyan
Development Of Enteric Neurons And Muscularis Macrophages, Marina Avetisyan
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex interconnected network of neurons and glia in the bowel wall that regulates intestinal motility, blood flow, and epithelial function. The ENS also controls aspects of inflammatory signaling within the bowel. To perform these tasks, there are at least 20 types of enteric neuron and four types of enteric glia. Although much is known about early events in ENS development, signals governing the development of specific neuronal subtypes and communication with neighboring cell types within the bowel remain poorly understood. One fundamental hypothesis is that diverse trophic factors support distinct neuronal populations in …
Development Of Novel Tumor-Targeted Compounds For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Micah John Luderer
Development Of Novel Tumor-Targeted Compounds For Boron Neutron Capture Therapy, Micah John Luderer
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most common primary brain tumor among adults. Despite surgical resection and aggressive chemoradiotherapy regimens, the current 2- and 5-year survival rates are only 27% and 9.8%, respectively. The low survival stems from the poor response to conventional therapy and underscores the critical need to develop new therapeutic approaches for GBM treatment. The high recurrence rate observed in GBM is in part attributed to the hypoxic (poorly oxygenated) tumor microenvironment. Hypoxic tumor conditions have been shown to increase metastasis, promote angiogenesis, and confer resistance to chemotherapy and radiation.Hypoxic tissues are inherently radiation resistant due to a …
Characterizing The Humoral Response To Flavivirus Infection, Estefania Fernandez
Characterizing The Humoral Response To Flavivirus Infection, Estefania Fernandez
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Flaviviruses are positive (+) sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the Flaviviridae family that are transmitted by mosquitoes. For our studies, we focused on Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Most human infections with ZIKV historically resulted in a mild self-limiting febrile illness. However, since 2013, a worldwide spread and increase in ZIKV infections has been observed. Notably, ZIKV has been associated with autoimmune ascending paralysis (Guillain-Barré Syndrome) and ophthalmologic effects in adults and intrauterine growth restriction and microcephaly in developing fetuses. Current vaccine efforts utilize technologies implemented for related flaviviruses (yellow fever virus (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), and …