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Articles 1111 - 1126 of 1126
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Promoter Sequence Containing (Ct)N.(Ga)N Repeats Is Critical For The Formation Of The Dnase I Hypersensitive Sites In The Drosophila Hsp26 Gene, Qin Lu, Lori L. Wallrath, Barbara D. Allan, R Glaser, J Lis, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Promoter Sequence Containing (Ct)N.(Ga)N Repeats Is Critical For The Formation Of The Dnase I Hypersensitive Sites In The Drosophila Hsp26 Gene, Qin Lu, Lori L. Wallrath, Barbara D. Allan, R Glaser, J Lis, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
We have analyzed P-element-transformed lines carrying hsp26/lacZ transgenes with various deletions and substitutions within the Drosophila melanogaster hsp26 promoter region in order to identify the sequences required for the formation of the DNase I hypersensitive sites (DH sites). DH sites are generally found associated with promoters and enhancer elements of active and inducible eukaryotic genes, and are thought to be nucleosome-free regions of DNA that interact with regulatory proteins and the transcriptional machinery. There are two major DH sites located within the promoter region of the hsp26 gene, centered at -50 and at -350 (relative to the hsp26 transcription start …
A Histone Variant, H2avd, Is Essential In Drosophila Melanogaster, Angela Van Daal, Sarah C.R. Elgin
A Histone Variant, H2avd, Is Essential In Drosophila Melanogaster, Angela Van Daal, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
H2AvD, a Drosophila melanogaster histone variant of the H2A.Z class, is encoded by a single copy gene in the 97CD region of the polytene chromosomes. Northern analysis shows that the transcript is expressed in adult females and is abundant throughout the first 12 h of embryogenesis but then decreases. The H2AvD protein is present at essentially constant levels in all developmental stages. Using D. melanogaster stocks with deletions in the 97CD region, we have localized the H2AvD gene to the 97D1-9 interval. A lethal mutation in this interval, l(3)810, exhibits a 311-base pair deletion in the H2AvD gene, which removes …
A Drosophila Melanogaster H3.3 Cdna Encodes A Histone Variant Identical With The Vertebrate H3.3, Scott Fretzin, Barbara D. Allan, Angela Van Daal, Sarah C.R. Elgin
A Drosophila Melanogaster H3.3 Cdna Encodes A Histone Variant Identical With The Vertebrate H3.3, Scott Fretzin, Barbara D. Allan, Angela Van Daal, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
A cDNA encoding an H3.3 histone variant in Drosophila melanogaster predicts a protein with an amino acid (aa) sequence identical with that in vertebrates. The D. melanogaster H3.3 nucleotide (nt) sequence has diverged significantly from that of both the H3.3 gene of vertebrates and the H3.1 gene of D. melanogaster, largely through third nt changes in its codons. The perfect H3.3 aa sequence conservation between organisms as phylogenetically divergent as vertebrates and flies suggests that the H3.3 histone variant itself is an important structural component of chromatin, apart from the value of its replication-independent expression pattern. Keywords: Conserved proteins, amino …
A Unique Zinc Finger Protein Is Associated Preferentially With Active Ecdysone-Responsive Loci In Drosophila, S Amero, Sarah C.R. Elgin, A Beyer
A Unique Zinc Finger Protein Is Associated Preferentially With Active Ecdysone-Responsive Loci In Drosophila, S Amero, Sarah C.R. Elgin, A Beyer
Biology Faculty Research
Using an immunochemical approach, we have identified a unique antigen, PEP (protein on ecdysone puffs), which is associated in third-instar larvae with the active ecdysone-regulated loci on polytene chromosomes; PEP is not associated with most intermolt puffs and is found on some, but not all, heat shock-induced puffs. The distribution pattern changes with changing puffing patterns in the developmental program. We have screened an expression library and recovered a cDNA clone encoding PEP. PEP possesses multiple potential nucleic acid- and protein- binding regions: a glycine- and asparagine-rich amino terminus, four zinc finger motifs, two very acidic segments, two short basic …
Chromatin Structure And Gene Activity, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Chromatin Structure And Gene Activity, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
No abstract provided.
Conservation Of Intron Position Indicates Separation Of Major And Variant H2as Is An Early Event In The Evolution Of Eukaryotes, A Van Daal, E White, Sarah C.R. Elgin, M Gorovsky
Conservation Of Intron Position Indicates Separation Of Major And Variant H2as Is An Early Event In The Evolution Of Eukaryotes, A Van Daal, E White, Sarah C.R. Elgin, M Gorovsky
Biology Faculty Research
Genomic clones of Drosophila and Tetrahymena histone H2A variants were isolated using the corresponding cDNA clones (van Daal et al. 1988; White et al. 1988). The site corresponding to the initiation of transcription was defined by primer extension for both Drosophila and Tetrahymena genomic sequences. The sequences of the genomic clones revealed the presence of introns in each of the genes. The Drosophila gene has three introns: one immediately following the initiation codon, one between amino acids 26 and 27 (gln and phe), and one between amino acids 64 and 65 (glu and val). The Tetrahymena gene has two introns, …
Optimal Heat-Induced Expression Of The Drosophila Hsp26 Gene Requires A Promoter Sequence Containing (Ct)N.(Ga)N Repeats, R Glaser, Graham H. Thomas, Ester Siegfried, Sarah C.R. Elgin, J Lis
Optimal Heat-Induced Expression Of The Drosophila Hsp26 Gene Requires A Promoter Sequence Containing (Ct)N.(Ga)N Repeats, R Glaser, Graham H. Thomas, Ester Siegfried, Sarah C.R. Elgin, J Lis
Biology Faculty Research
We report here the analysis of the sequence requirements for the heat-induced expression of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp26 gene using germline transformation. Heat-induced expression is augmented fivefold by a homopurine/homopyrimidine region from -85 to -134 that is devoid of heat-shock elements but contains numerous (dC-dT).(dG-dA) repeats. Sequences within this interval have been shown to assume a nuclease S1-hypersensitive structure in vitro. In this paper, we extend those in vitro observations, demonstrating that the S1-hypersensitive structure is triple-helical H-DNA formed by a symmetric (dC-dT).(dG-dA) sequence. Thus, the sequences that form H-DNA in vitro are also required in vivo for optimal hsp26 …
Distribution Patterns Of Hp1, A Heterochromatin-Associated Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein Of Drosophila, T James, J Eissenberg, C Craig, V Dietrich, A Hobson, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Distribution Patterns Of Hp1, A Heterochromatin-Associated Nonhistone Chromosomal Protein Of Drosophila, T James, J Eissenberg, C Craig, V Dietrich, A Hobson, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
We have previously reported the identification of a nonhistone chromosomal protein (nhcp-19; now called HP1) preferentially associated with the heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster. A detailed study of the HP1 distribution pattern on polytene chromosomes by immunofluorescent staining, using monoclonal antibody C1A9, has been carried out. The results indicate that this protein is found within the centric beta-heterochromatin, in cytological regions 31, 41 and 80, and throughout polytene chromosome 4. Staining of telomeres is frequently observed, those of chromosome arms 2R and 3R and the X chromosome being the most conspicuous. Analysis of a fourth chromosome insertional translocation T(3;4)f/In(3L)P confirms an …
Drosophila Nuclear Proteins Bind To Regions Of Alternating C And T Residues In Gene Promoters, D Gilmour, G Thomas, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Drosophila Nuclear Proteins Bind To Regions Of Alternating C And T Residues In Gene Promoters, D Gilmour, G Thomas, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
Proteins from Drosophila nuclei that bind to regions of alternating C and T residues present in the promoters of the heat shock genes hsp70 and hsp26 and the histone genes his3 and his4 have been purified. These proteins bind to isolated linear DNA, and genomic footprinting analyses indicate that they are bound to DNA in nuclei. In supercoiled plasmids at low pH, some of these DNA sequences adopt triple-helical structures which, if they form in vivo, could significantly affect chromatin structure. The nuclear proteins described here, and not necessarily the deformed conformation of the DNA, may be responsible for maintaining …
The Formation And Function Of Dnase I Hypersensitive Sites In The Process Of Gene Activation, Sarah C.R. Elgin
The Formation And Function Of Dnase I Hypersensitive Sites In The Process Of Gene Activation, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
No abstract provided.
Drosophila Has A Single Copy Of The Gene Encoding A Highly Conserved Histone H2a Variant Of The H2a.F/Z Type, Angela Van Daal, E White, M Gorovsky, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Drosophila Has A Single Copy Of The Gene Encoding A Highly Conserved Histone H2a Variant Of The H2a.F/Z Type, Angela Van Daal, E White, M Gorovsky, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
The Tetrahymena histone H2A variant designated hv1 is localized exclusively in the transcriptionally active macronucleus and is absent from the quiescent micronucleus (1). A cDNA clone of the hv1 gene (2) was used to screen a Drosophila cDNA library. A cross-hybridizing clone was recovered and shown by sequence analysis to code for a protein homologous to hv1 as well as to the chicken H2A variant, H2A.F (3), the sea urchin H2A variant, H2A.F/Z (4) and the mammalian H2A variant H2A.Z (5). Southern analysis of Drosophila genomic DNA indicates that the H2AvD (H2A variant Drosophila) gene is present in one copy. …
Isolation And Distribution Of A Drosophila Protein Preferentially Associated With Inactive Regions Of The Genome, G Fleischmann, R Filipski, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Isolation And Distribution Of A Drosophila Protein Preferentially Associated With Inactive Regions Of The Genome, G Fleischmann, R Filipski, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
The distribution patterns of chromosomal proteins from Drosophila can be observed by immunofluorescent staining of the polytene chromosomes from larval salivary glands. We have purified a non-histone chromosomal protein of Mr = 69,000 molecular weight which has a high affinity for DNA with little sequence specificity. Immunofluorescent staining indicates that this protein is preferentially associated with the inactive portions of the genome, including the centric heterochromatin and the condensed bands within the euchromatic arms of the chromosomes. Observation of both the heat shock loci 87A and 87C and the developmentally regulated loci 74EF and 75B shows an inverse correlation between …
Characterization Of A Supercoil-Dependent S1 Sensitive Site 5' To The Drosophila Melanogaster Hsp 26 Gene, Ester Siegfried, Graham H. Thomas, U Bond, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Characterization Of A Supercoil-Dependent S1 Sensitive Site 5' To The Drosophila Melanogaster Hsp 26 Gene, Ester Siegfried, Graham H. Thomas, U Bond, Sarah C.R. Elgin
Biology Faculty Research
We have analyzed the prominent supercoil-dependent S1 nuclease cleavage site 5' to hsp 26 in the plasmid 88B13, which contains 11.7 kilobases from the Drosophila locus 67B1. The double stranded cleavage product is generated by initial nicking on the purine strand, six preferred sites occurring between positions -96 and -90 (relative to the start of transcription) with weaker ones extending to position -84, followed by cleavage on the pyrimidine strand at positions -86 and -84. A derivative of 88B13, 88B13-X, was generated by insertion of an Xho I linker at position -84; this does not affect the positions or strand …
The Eugenics Record Office At Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay In Institutional History, Garland E. Allen
The Eugenics Record Office At Cold Spring Harbor, 1910-1940: An Essay In Institutional History, Garland E. Allen
Biology Faculty Research
No abstract provided.
Rna Metabolism In Escherichia Coli During Bacteriophage T4 Infection, Amino Acid Starvation And Complete Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis, Elizabeth Anne Craig
Rna Metabolism In Escherichia Coli During Bacteriophage T4 Infection, Amino Acid Starvation And Complete Inhibition Of Protein Synthesis, Elizabeth Anne Craig
Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations
Three classes of RNA are made in exponentially growing E. coli cells: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA). mRNA possesses the characteristics which were first proposed by Jacob and Monod (1961) as necessary for an intermediary in the transfer of information from DNA to protein.
[Book Review Of] Adaptation In Metapopulations: How Interaction Changes Evolution, By Michael J. Wade., David C. Queller
[Book Review Of] Adaptation In Metapopulations: How Interaction Changes Evolution, By Michael J. Wade., David C. Queller
Biology Faculty Research
Adaptation in Metapopulations: How Interaction Changes Evolution. By Michael J. Wade. Chicago (Illinois): University of Chicago Press . $120.00 (hardcover); $40.00 (paper). vii + 260 p.; ill.; index. ISBN: 978-0-226-12956-3 (hc); 978-0-226-12973-0 (pb); 978-0-226-12987-7 (eb). 2016.