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Articles 541 - 570 of 602
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Transcriptional Analyses And Mapping Of The Ospc Gene In Lyme Disease Spirochetes, Richard T. Marconi, D. Scott Samuels, Claude F. Garon
Transcriptional Analyses And Mapping Of The Ospc Gene In Lyme Disease Spirochetes, Richard T. Marconi, D. Scott Samuels, Claude F. Garon
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
In Lyme disease spirochetes, the ospC gene encodes a 22.7-kDa protein referred to as either the pC or the OspC protein. Using a variety of electrophoretic approaches followed by Southern blotting and probing with oligonucleotide probes, we mapped the ospC gene to a circular 26-kb plasmid. The ospC gene represents the first gene to be mapped to a circular plasmid in Lyme disease spirochetes. The occurrence of this gene in isolates belonging to each of the three Lyme disease-associated species, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, and the VS461 group, was evaluated. The ospC gene was found to occur in all 21 …
Cytokine Structural Taxonomy And Mechanisms Of Receptor Engagement, Stephen R. Sprang, J. Fernando Bazan
Cytokine Structural Taxonomy And Mechanisms Of Receptor Engagement, Stephen R. Sprang, J. Fernando Bazan
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Seven discrete families of cytokines have been identified by sequence and structural analysis. Within this diverse set of protein folds, the hematopoietic growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-like cytokines display a remarkable degree of variation upon their respective topological frameworks. In addition, prototype X-ray structures of ligand-receptor complexes reveal two different strategies of receptor engagement.
Effects Of Silvicultural Treatments On Forest Birds In The Rocky Mountains: Implications And Management Recommendations, Richard L. Hutto, Sallie J. Hejl, Charles R. Preston, Deborah M. Finch
Effects Of Silvicultural Treatments On Forest Birds In The Rocky Mountains: Implications And Management Recommendations, Richard L. Hutto, Sallie J. Hejl, Charles R. Preston, Deborah M. Finch
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The short-term effects of timber harvesting practices on landbird species vary widely among species. Thus, the maintenance of populations of all species will require a long-term management strategy that involves maintenance of a variety of habitats over a broad landscape.
Coumermycin A1 Inhibits Growth And Induces Relaxation Of Supercoiled Plasmids In Borrelia Burgdorferi, The Lyme Disease Agent, D. Scott Samuels, Claude F. Garon
Coumermycin A1 Inhibits Growth And Induces Relaxation Of Supercoiled Plasmids In Borrelia Burgdorferi, The Lyme Disease Agent, D. Scott Samuels, Claude F. Garon
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Coumermycin A1 is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase, an enzyme that catalyzes supercoiling of DNA and is required for bacterial DNA replication. We have investigated the activity of this coumarin antibiotic on Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete and the causative agent of Lyme disease. B. burgdorferi was more susceptible than many other eubacteria to coumermycin as well as novobiocin, another coumarin antibiotic; this contrasted with its relative resistance to the DNA gyrase inhibitors nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and ciprofloxacin. Coumermycin at 0.2 micrograms/ml inhibited the growth of B. burgdorferi B31 in BSK II medium. A 100-fold-lower concentration induced the relaxation of …
Speciation In Golden-Plovers, Pluvialis Dominica And P. Fulva: Evidence From The Breeding Grounds, Peter G. Connors, Brian J. Mccaffery, John L. Maron
Speciation In Golden-Plovers, Pluvialis Dominica And P. Fulva: Evidence From The Breeding Grounds, Peter G. Connors, Brian J. Mccaffery, John L. Maron
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Two forms of golden-plover have long been considered subspecies, Pluvialis
dominica dominica and P. d. fulva. Prior studies have shown differences between forms in breeding distributions, wintering distributions, plumage, morphology, molt, and maturation schedules. We report clear and consistent differences in breeding vocalizations and nesting habitat, and strict assortative mating in areas of sympatry in western Alaska. These results indicate a greater degree of differentiation between the forms than was previously appreciated. They are appropriately treated as separate species and should be referred to under the names Pluvialis dominica, for the American Golden-Plover, and Pluvialis fulva, for …
Gene Probe Analysis Of Soil Microbial Populations Selected By Amendment With 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, William Holben, B. M. Schroeter, V. G.M. Calabrese, R. H. Olsen, J. K. Kukor, V. O. Biederbeck, James M. Tiedje
Gene Probe Analysis Of Soil Microbial Populations Selected By Amendment With 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, William Holben, B. M. Schroeter, V. G.M. Calabrese, R. H. Olsen, J. K. Kukor, V. O. Biederbeck, James M. Tiedje
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Soils with a history of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) treatment at field application rates and control soils with no prior exposure to 2,4-D were amended with 2,4-D in the laboratory. Before and during these treatments, the populations of 2,4-D-degrading bacteria were monitored by most-probable-number (MPN) enumeration and hybridization analyses, using probes for the tfd genes of plasmid pJP4, which encode enzymes for 2,4-D degradation. Data obtained by these alternate methods were compared. Several months after the most recent field application of 2,4-D (approximately 1 ppm), soils with a 42-year history of 2,4-D treatment did not have significantly higher numbers of 2,4-D-degrading …
Avian Forelimb Muscles And Nonsteady Flight: Can Birds Fly Without Using The Muscles In Their Wings?, Kenneth P. Dial
Avian Forelimb Muscles And Nonsteady Flight: Can Birds Fly Without Using The Muscles In Their Wings?, Kenneth P. Dial
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Intensity patterns of electromyographic (EMG) signals from selected muscles of the wing were studied during different modes of flight in trained Rock doves (Columba livia). Shoulder muscles exhibited a stereotypic pattern producing maximal EMG intensity during the deceleration phases of the upstroke and the downstroke, whereas the muscles of the brachium and antebrachium acted primarily as joint stabilizers during level flapping flight. During nonsteady flight (e.g. takeoff, landing, vertical ascending flight), the distal forelimb muscles exhibited maximal EMG intensity; their primary function appears to be associated with changing the camber and planform of the wing during rapid oscillation. During steady …
Multiple Phosphate Positions In The Catalytic Site Of Glycogen Phosphorylase, Stephen R. Sprang, Neil B. Madsen, Stephen G. Withers
Multiple Phosphate Positions In The Catalytic Site Of Glycogen Phosphorylase, Stephen R. Sprang, Neil B. Madsen, Stephen G. Withers
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The three‐dimensional structure of an R‐state conformer of glycogen phosphorylase containing the coenzyme‐substrate analog pyridoxal‐5′‐diphosphate at the catalytic site (PLPP‐GPb) has been refined by X‐ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.87 Å. The molecule comprises four subunits of phosphorylase related by approximate 222 symmetry. Whereas the quaternary structure of R‐state PLPP‐GPb is similar to that of phosphorylase crystallized in the presence of ammonium sulfate (Barford, D. & Johnson, L.N., 1989, Nature 340, 609–616), the tertiary structures differ in that the two domains of the PLPP‐GPb subunits are rotated apart by 5° relative to the T‐state conformation. Global differences among the …
Intermediates In The Constitutive And Regulated Secretory Pathways Released In Vitro From Semi-Intact Cells, Mark L. Grimes, Regis B. Kelly
Intermediates In The Constitutive And Regulated Secretory Pathways Released In Vitro From Semi-Intact Cells, Mark L. Grimes, Regis B. Kelly
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Regulated secretory cells have two pathways that transport secreted proteins from the Golgi complex to the cell surface. To identify carrier vesicles involved in regulated and constitutive secretion, PC12 pheochromocytoma cells were labeled with [35S]sulfate to identify markers for the two secretory pathways, then mechanically permeabilized and incubated in vitro. Small constitutive secretory vesicles, containing mostly sulfated proteoglycans, accumulated during an in vitro incubation with ATP. In the presence of GTP gamma S, the constitutive vesicles became significantly more dense, suggesting that a coated intermediate was stabilized. Larger immature regulated secretory granules, enriched in sulfated secretogranin II, also escaped from …
Evaluating Habitat Suitability Using Relative Abundance And Fledging Success Of Red-Naped Sapsuckers, Bret W. Tobalske
Evaluating Habitat Suitability Using Relative Abundance And Fledging Success Of Red-Naped Sapsuckers, Bret W. Tobalske
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Structure Of Human Lymphotoxin (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Β) At 1.9-Å Resolution, Michael J. Eckt, Mark Ultsch, Ernst Rinderknecht, Abraham M. De Vos, Stephen R. Sprang
The Structure Of Human Lymphotoxin (Tumor Necrosis Factor-Β) At 1.9-Å Resolution, Michael J. Eckt, Mark Ultsch, Ernst Rinderknecht, Abraham M. De Vos, Stephen R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The three-dimensional structure of recombinant human lymphotoxin (residues 24-171 of the mature protein) has been determined by x-ray crystallography at 1.9-Å resolution (Rcryst = 0.215 for I > 3σ(I)). Phases were derived by molecular replacement using tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) as a search model. Like TNF-α, lymphotoxin (LT) folds to form a "jellyroll" β-sheet sandwich. Three-fold related LT subunits form a trimer stabilized primarily by hydrophobic interactions. A cluster of 6 basic residues around the 3-fold axis may account for the acid lability of the trimer. Although the structural cores of TNF-α and LT are similar, insertions and …
The Latent Tendencies Of Pai-1, Stephen R. Sprang
The Latent Tendencies Of Pai-1, Stephen R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Plasmid-Encoded Surface Protein Found In Chronic-Disease Isolates Of Coxiella Burnetti, Michael F. Minnick, Robert A. Heinzin, Dennis K. Reschke, Marvin Eugene Frazier, Louis P. Mallavia
A Plasmid-Encoded Surface Protein Found In Chronic-Disease Isolates Of Coxiella Burnetti, Michael F. Minnick, Robert A. Heinzin, Dennis K. Reschke, Marvin Eugene Frazier, Louis P. Mallavia
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The cbbE' gene codes for the E' protein of Coxiella burnetii and was detected in genomic DNA from all known human isolates of the biotzere strain but not in DNA from the other five strains of C. burnetti. The biotzere strain is strictly associated with chronic disease in humans. Extrinsic iodination of biotzere strain cells radiolabeled a 55-kDa protein which comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with the E' protein synthesized in vitro from recombinants containing the cbbE' gene. The 125I-labeled 55-kDa protein was immunoprecipitated with polyclonal anti-E' antiserum, confirming its identity as E'. Predicted secondary structure of the …
Bird Populations In Logged And Unlogged Western Larch/Douglas-Fir Forest In Northwestern Montana, Bret W. Tobalske, Richard L. Hutto, Raymond C. Shearer
Bird Populations In Logged And Unlogged Western Larch/Douglas-Fir Forest In Northwestern Montana, Bret W. Tobalske, Richard L. Hutto, Raymond C. Shearer
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Of 32 species of abundant breeding birds, populations of 10 species differed significantly between small cutting units and adjacent uncut forest. Foliage foragers and tree gleaners were less abundant in cutting units, while flycatching species and ground foragers were more common there. Of nesting guilds, conifer tree nesters were least abundant in cutting units, and ground nesters were more common there. Results suggest that bird management should consider diverse community-level habitat needs and that if maintenance of tree-dependent species is important, broadleaf trees and snags of all species should be retained.
Three-Dimensional Structure Of Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, A Structural Homolog Of Interleukin 1Β, Jiandong Zhang, Lawrence S. Cousens, Phillip J. Barr, Stephen R. Sprang
Three-Dimensional Structure Of Human Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, A Structural Homolog Of Interleukin 1Β, Jiandong Zhang, Lawrence S. Cousens, Phillip J. Barr, Stephen R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The three-dimensional structure of the 146-residue form of human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), expressed as a recombinant protein in yeast, has been determined by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 1.8 Å. bFGF is composed entirely of β-sheet structure, comprising a three-fold repeat of a four-stranded antiparallel β-meander. The topology of bFGF is identical to that of interleukin 1β, showing that although the two proteins share only 10% sequence identity, bFGF, interleukin 1, and their homologs comprise a family of structurally related mitogenic factors. Analysis of the three-dimensional structure in light of functional studies of bFGF suggests that the …
Life-History Correlates Of Taxonomic Diversity, John M. Marzluff, Kenneth P. Dial
Life-History Correlates Of Taxonomic Diversity, John M. Marzluff, Kenneth P. Dial
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
One of the most pervasive, nonrandom evolutionary patterns is extreme domination of a taxon by one subtaxon or only a few subtaxa. Domination refers to taxonomic diversity and the fraction of the taxon that is classified in the most diverse subtaxon. We attempt to explain how subtaxa come to dominate their phyletic counterparts by examining correlations between taxonomic diversity and life history traits such as age of first reproduction, longevity, fecundity and partitioning of reproduction, and resource availability in a variety of vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant groups. Regardless of taxonomic group or rank, the number of taxa within an assemblage, …
Identification Of Adaptive Changes In An Evolving Population Of Escherichia Coli: The Role Of Changes With Regulatory And Highly Pleiotropic Effects, A. Kurlandzka, Frank Rosenzweig, J. Adams
Identification Of Adaptive Changes In An Evolving Population Of Escherichia Coli: The Role Of Changes With Regulatory And Highly Pleiotropic Effects, A. Kurlandzka, Frank Rosenzweig, J. Adams
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A population of Escherichia coli initiated with a single clone developed extensive morphological and physiological polymorphism after being maintained for 773 generations in glucose-limited continuous culture. To understand the mechanisms of adaptation to this environment, total protein patterns of four adaptive clones and of the parent strains were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Approximately 20% of the proteins (approximately 160 in absolute numbers) showed significantly different levels of expression in pairwise comparisons of parent and adapted clones. The extent of these changes points to the importance of mutations with regulatory and/or highly pleiotropic effects in the adaptive process. The four …
Shrimp Stocking, Salmon Collapse, And Eagle Displacement, Craig N. Spencer, B. Riley Mcclelland, Jack Arthur Stanford
Shrimp Stocking, Salmon Collapse, And Eagle Displacement, Craig N. Spencer, B. Riley Mcclelland, Jack Arthur Stanford
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Divergent Receptors For Tnf, Stephen R. Sprang
The Divergent Receptors For Tnf, Stephen R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Characterization And Expression Of The Cbbe' Gene Of Coxiella Burnetii, Michael F. Minnick, Robert A. Heinzin, Marvin Eugene Frazier, Louis P. Mallavia
Characterization And Expression Of The Cbbe' Gene Of Coxiella Burnetii, Michael F. Minnick, Robert A. Heinzin, Marvin Eugene Frazier, Louis P. Mallavia
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A gene which is unique to the QpRS plasmid from chronic isolates of Coxiella burnetii was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. This gene, termed cbbE', codes for a putative surface protein of approximately 55 kDa, termed the E' protein. The cbbE' gene is 1485 bp in length, and is preceded by predicted promoter regulatory sequences of TTTAAT (-35), TATAAT (-10), and a Shine-Dalgarno sequence of GGAGAGA, all of which closely resemble those of E. coli and other rickettsiae. The open reading frame (ORF) of cbbE' ends with a UAA codon followed by a second in-frame UAG stop codon …
Bird Flight - Insights And Complications, G. E. Goslow Jr., Kenneth P. Dial, F. A. Jenkins Jr.
Bird Flight - Insights And Complications, G. E. Goslow Jr., Kenneth P. Dial, F. A. Jenkins Jr.
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Migration Routes Of New World Sanderlings (Calidris Alba), J. P. Meyers, M. Sallaberry A., E. Ortiz, G. Castro, L. J. Gordon, John L. Maron, C. T. Schick, E. Tablio, P. Antas, T. Below
Migration Routes Of New World Sanderlings (Calidris Alba), J. P. Meyers, M. Sallaberry A., E. Ortiz, G. Castro, L. J. Gordon, John L. Maron, C. T. Schick, E. Tablio, P. Antas, T. Below
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We color-marked Sanderlings (Calidris alba Pallas) at 19 locations in 6 countries in the New World and coordinated a network of volunteers to locate banded individuals in migration over a five-year period. The observers reported 252 independent sightings of birds in countries different from the country of banding. Sanderlings that migrate north to the Arctic from Chile and Peru travel principally through the central corridor (Texas and northward) of the United States and Canada; smaller numbers follow the Pacific coast. A few migrate north from the Pacific coast of South America along the Atlantic coast of the United …
Identification And Characterization Of Peptidoglycan-Associated Proteins In Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae, Stuart A. Hill, Ralph C. Judd
Identification And Characterization Of Peptidoglycan-Associated Proteins In Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae, Stuart A. Hill, Ralph C. Judd
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The principal proteins associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae peptidoglycan (PG), as identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, are the following: two proteins at approximately 90 kilodaltons (kDa), single major species at both 60 and 44 kDa, a 34- to 36-kDa protein, and three proteins between 28 and 32 kDa. A protein analogous to Escherichia coli Braun lipoprotein was not detected with gonococcal cell wall preparations. The identity of the PG-associated proteins was confirmed immunologically with antibody generated against purified cell walls. Two types of protein species, dithiothreitol extractable (the majority) and alkylation dependent (primarily the 34- to 36-kDa protein), appeared …
Detection In Soil Of A Deletion In An Engineered Dna Sequence By Using Dna Probes, Janet K. Jansson, William E. Holben, James M. Tiedje
Detection In Soil Of A Deletion In An Engineered Dna Sequence By Using Dna Probes, Janet K. Jansson, William E. Holben, James M. Tiedje
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Two Pseudomonas strains were engineered to contain the nptII gene and plasmid vector sequences in their chromosomes. After incubation of these strains in nonsterile soil, total bacterial DNA was isolated and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with the nptII gene and the plasmid vector as probes. In addition to the expected bands of hybridization, a new band corresponding to the loss of vector sequences from the chromosome while retaining the nptII gene was observed for one of the strains. The more stressful conditions encountered in soil appeared to increase the frequency of loss of the vector sequences …
The Structure Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α At 2.6 Å Resolution. Implications For Receptor Binding, M. J. Eck, S. R. Sprang
The Structure Of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Α At 2.6 Å Resolution. Implications For Receptor Binding, M. J. Eck, S. R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The three-dimensional structure of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), a protein hormone secreted by macrophages, has been determined at 2.6 Å resolution by x-ray crystallography. Phases were determined by multiple isomorphous replacement using data collected from five heavy atom derivatives. The multiple isomorphous replacement phases were further improved by real space symmetry averaging, exploiting the non-crystallographic 3-fold symmetry of the TNF-α trimer. An atomic model corresponding to the known amino acid sequence of TNF-α was readily built into the electron density map calculated with these improved phases. The 17,350-dalton monomer forms an elongated, antiparallel β-pleated sheet sandwich with a 'jelly-roll' topology. …
Export And Intercellular Transfer Of Dna Via Membrane Blebs Of Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae, David W. Dorward, Claude F. Garon, Ralph C. Judd
Export And Intercellular Transfer Of Dna Via Membrane Blebs Of Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae, David W. Dorward, Claude F. Garon, Ralph C. Judd
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Naturally elaborated membrane bleb material is frequently observed in cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This material was purified and analyzed for protein, lipopolysaccharide, and nucleic acid content. The electrophoretic protein profiles of two bleb-rich fractions, called BI and BII, were distinct, with only BII containing lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane proteins I and III. Both fractions contained RNA, circular DNA, and linear DNA. Exogenous pancreatic DNase I appeared to hydrolyze all bleb-associated DNA in fraction BI and the linear DNA in fraction BII. The circular DNA molecules associated with fraction BII resisted digestion. Electron microscopy of the bleb fractions verified their DNA …
Protein I: Structure, Function, And Genetics, Ralph C. Judd
Protein I: Structure, Function, And Genetics, Ralph C. Judd
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Probing The Alpha-Sarcin Region Of Escherichia-Coli 23s Rrna With A Cdna Oligomer, Gary A. White, Ted Wood, Walter E. Hill
Probing The Alpha-Sarcin Region Of Escherichia-Coli 23s Rrna With A Cdna Oligomer, Gary A. White, Ted Wood, Walter E. Hill
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The cause of 50S ribosomal subunit collapse reportedly triggered by hybridization of a 14-base cDNA probe to the alpha-sarcin region of 23S rRNA was investigated by physical measurement of probe-subunit complexes in varying buffer conditions. The results reported here show that this probe was unable to hybridize to its target site in the intact 50S subunit and the physical characteristics of 50S subunits remained unchanged in its presence. Subunit collapse was induced in buffer containing 20mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 600 mM NH4Cl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, and 0.1 mM EDTA in the absence of probe. The probe bound …
Crystallization Of Trimeric Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor (Cachectin), M. J. Eck, B. Beutler, G. Kuo, J. P. Merryweather, S. R. Sprang
Crystallization Of Trimeric Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor (Cachectin), M. J. Eck, B. Beutler, G. Kuo, J. P. Merryweather, S. R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Crystals of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been obtained in two forms. Rhombohedral crystals grow in 1.8 to 2.0 M ammonium sulfite, pH 7.8 at 21°C, and tetragonal crystals grow in 2.6 M magnesium sulfate, pH 5.5 at 25°C. Analysis of TNF by isoelectric focusing under native and denaturing conditions indicates that TNF molecules exist as trimers in solution. The rhombohedral cachectin crystals belong to space group R3 and have unit cell constants a = b = c = 47.65 Å and α = β = γ = 88.1°. Density determinations and the space group indicate that the unit cell …
Dna Probe Method For The Detection Of Specific Microorganisms In The Soil Bacterial Community, William Holben, Janet K. Jansson, Barry K. Chelm, James M. Tiedje
Dna Probe Method For The Detection Of Specific Microorganisms In The Soil Bacterial Community, William Holben, Janet K. Jansson, Barry K. Chelm, James M. Tiedje
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We developed a protocol which yields purified bacterial DNA from the soil bacterial community. The bacteria were first dispersed and separated from soil particles in the presence of polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, which removes humic acid contaminants by adsorption to this insoluble polymer. The soil bacteria were then collected by centrifugation and lysed by using a comprehensive protocol designed to maximize disruption of the various types of bacteria present. Total bacterial DNA was purified from the cell lysate and remaining soil contaminants by using equilibrium density gradients. The isolated DNA was essentially pure as determined by UV spectral analysis, was at least 48 …