Biology Commons^™

Identification Of Defined Sequences In Domain V Of E.Coli 23s Rrna In The 50s Subunit Accessible For Hybridization With Complementary Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Richard T. Marconi, Walter E. Hill

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The accessibility of specific sequences in domain V of E. coli 23s rRNA in the 50S subunit to complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides (cDNA) has been investigated. The apparent percentage of subunits engaged in complex formation was determined by incubation of radiolabeled cDNA probe with 50S subunits, followed by nitrocellulose membrane filtration of the reaction mixtures and measurement of the bound radiolabeled cDNA probes by liquid scintillation counting of the filters. The site(s) of hybridization were determined by digestion of the RNA in the RNA/DNA heteroduplex by RNase H. The results of this study indicated that single-stranded sequences, 2058-2062, 2448-2454, 2467-2483, and 2497-2505 …

Nearctic Avian Migrants In The Neotropics By J. H. Rappole; E. S. Morton; T. E. Lovejoy, Jr.; J. L. Ruos, Richard L. Hutto

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Description Of Mixed-Species Insectivorous Bird Flocks In Western Mexico, Richard L. Hutto

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Insectivorous bird flocks were observed in all types of forested habitats during the nonbreeding season in western Mexico. The species composition of flocks changed markedly and predictably among five categories of habitat type. The average number of species per flock in lowland habitats was 4.7, while a mean of 18.6 species participated in highland flocks, ranking the latter among the most species-rich flocks in the world. The mean proportion of the local insectivorous species that participated in mixed-species flocks was significantly greater in the highlands (61.3%) than in the lowlands (24.6%). About half of the flock participants in both undisturbed …

Heterozygosity And Oxygen-Consumption Rate As Predictors Of Growth And Developmental Rate In Rainbow-Trout, Roy G. Danzmann, Moira M. Ferguson, Fred W. Allendorf

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of Protein-I From Serum-Sensitive And Serum-Resistance Transformants Of Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae, Ralph C. Judd, Milton Tam, Keith Joiner

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evidence For N-Terminal Exposure Of The Protein Ia Subclass Of Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae Protein-I, Ralph C. Judd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The JS3 and FA638 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae bear a protein IA subclass of protein I (P.I). The purified P.Is of surface-labeled strains JS3 and FA638 were cleaved with the N-terminal degradation enzyme leucine amino peptidase (LAP), and the resultant fragments were separated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Autoradiography demonstrated that the surface radiolabel was absent in a LAP-generated P.I peptide that was about 1,900 daltons lower in apparent molecular mass than the native P.I in both strains. Moreover, the 4G5 monoclonal epitope, known to be located on the surface of the organism, was also absent in the LAP-generated P.I …

A Fixed-Radius Point Count Method For Nonbreeding And Breeding-Season Use, Richard L. Hutto, Sandra M. Pletschet, Paul Hendricks

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We provide a detailed description of a fixed-radius point count method that carries fewer assumptions than most of the currently popular methods of estimating bird density and that can be used during both the nonbreeding and breeding seasons. The method results in three indices of bird abundance, any of which can be used to test for differences in community composition among sites, or for differences in the abundance of a given bird species among sites. These indices are (1) the mean number of detections within 25 m of the observer, (2) the frequency of detections within 25 m of the …

Going To Extremes: Why Do Sanderlings Migrate To The Neotropics?, J. P. Myers, John L. Maron, Michel Sallaberry A.

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Sanderlings (Calidris alba) breed within a small latitudinal range in the arctic while spreading in winter virtually throughout temperate and tropical marine beaches of the world. This paper examines spatial variation in Sanderlings nonbreeding density across the New World, documents annual cycle differences between populations wintering in California and those wintering in Peru and Chile, and then explores demographic and ecological factors underlying Sanderlings migration to different wintering grounds. Densities during the nonbreeding season are higher on the Pacific coast than on the Atlantic at all censused latitudes in the New World, and reach a peak in southwestern …

Seasonal Changes In Feeding Success, Activity Patterns, And Weights Of Nonbreeding Sanderlings (Calidris Alba), John L. Maron, J. P. Myers

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Seasonal changes in Sanderling (Calidris alba) feeding success, time budgets, and weights were followed throughout the nonbreeding season at Bodega Bay, California. Sanderlings spent more time roosting in fall than in winter, and in fall adults spent more time roosting than juveniles. Sanderling prey capture rates were high in fall and spring and declined through winter. Sanderling weights paralleled seasonal changes in feeding success and activity patterns: birds were heaviest in fall and spring and lightest in winter. These results reflect lowered food availability in winter and imply that birds may have difficulty balancing their energy budgets during …

Structure And Surface Exposure Of Protein-Iis Of Neisseria-Gonorrhoeae Js3, Ralph C. Judd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae JS3, each bearing a predominate protein II (PII) type, were derived from a progenitor transparent colony. Five distinct PIIs were identified and isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The PII bands were excised from gels of unlabeled whole cells and from gels containing lysates of surface-radioiodinated bacteria. These were subjected to alpha-chymotrypsin digestion and two-dimensional peptide mapping, which allowed for a comparison of both the primary structures of the PIIs and the identification of surface-exposed regions of the molecules. The results demonstrated that PIIs are unrelated to either Protein I or Protein III in structure …

Seasonal-Changes In The Habitat Distribution Of Transient Insectivorous Birds In Southeastern Arizona: Competition Mediated, Richard L. Hutto

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The distribution and abundance of 26 migratory insectivorous bird species were recorded over an elevational habitat gradient in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona for the spring and fall migratory seasons. Most of the species used this area only during migratory passage, and 54% exhibited significant shifts in the habitats occupied from spring to fall. The majority (69%) of species also exhibited significant changes in density within habitats between seasons. Using pairwise correlations of bird densities from 7 habitat types and 2 seasons, I identified 5 groups that contained species whose seasonal distributional patterns were similar to one another but independent and …

Crystallization Of The Gene 45 Protein From The Dna Replication Fork Of Bacteriophage T4, C. Thaller, B. Alberts, E. Goldsmith, S. Sprang, R. Fletterick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The gene 45 protein from bacteriophage T4 has been purified and is crystallized. This protein is part of the T4 DNA replication complex. The crystallized protein is active in complementation assays. X-ray diffraction analysis is in progress; data are measured for the native and several heavy atom derivatives. The crystals diffract to about 3.5-Å resolution.

Factors Affecting Nest Site Location In Gila Woodpeckers, Jerome J. Korol, Richard L. Hutto

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We investigated the locations of Gila Woodpecker (Melanerpes uropygialis) nest sites in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, Arizona. A significantly greater proportion of saguaro cacti in arroyos had woodpecker holes than did those on hillsides, ridgetops or desert flats. Saguaros used for nest-hole excavation were taller and more likely to have branches than randomly chosen saguaros. Both active and inactive nest holes were nonrandomly oriented, with the mean vectors of orientation being in northwesterly directions. Variation in nest-hole orientation probably is not due to seasonal differences in excavations because the orientation of spring active (late March) nest holes was not …

Superior Developmental Stability Of Heterozygotes At Enzyme Loci In Salmonid Fishes, Robb F. Leary, Fred W. Allendorf, Kathy L. Knudsen

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Pan American Shorebird Program: A Progress Report, J. P. Myers, Gonzalo Castro, Brian Harrington, Marshall Howe, John L. Maron, Enrique Ortiz, Michel Sallaberry A., C. T. Schick, Elier Tablio

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Rationale And Suggestions For A Hemispheric Color-Marking Scheme For Shorebirds: A Way To Avoid Chaos, J. P. Myers, John L. Maron, Enrique Ortiz, Gonzalo Castro, Marshall Howe, R.I.G. Morrison, Brian A. Harrington

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Amount And Distribution Of Isozyme Variation In Ponderosa Pine From Eastern Montana, John Herbert Woods, G. M. Blake, Fred W. Allendorf

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Pinus ponderosa seeds from 50 trees in each of six small isolated stands located within a nine kilometer radius of Colstrip, Montana, were examined at 23 isozyme loci. Megagametophyte and embryo tissue from each seed were screened separately. Measures of genetic diversity showed no significant differences between male and female components within or between stands. The average proportion of heterozygous loci per embryo (H_e) was not significantly different between stands. For all stands combined, H_e was 0.012. Genotype proportions did not deviate from expected Hardy-Weinberg proportions.

Nearly 99 % of the genetic diversity resided within individual stands, …

Linkage Disequilibrium Generated By Selection Against Null Alleles At Duplicate Loci, Fred W. Allendorf

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Shell-Dropping Behavior Of Western Gulls (Larus Occidentalis), John L. Maron

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Westem Gulls (Larus occidentalis) at Bodega Bay, California drop shelled prey items to break them. I presented Washington clams (Saxidomus nuttalli) of known weight to free-flying gulls to investigate factors affecting shell-dropping behavior. All adult gulls dropped clams, whereas only 55% of immature gulls did so. The other 45% of immature gulls that were given clams pecked at them on the ground instead. Gulls dropped clams on both hard and soft substrates. Flight distance and kleptoparasitism seemed important in influencing drop location. Adult Western Gulls dropped heavy clams from lower heights than they dropped light clams. …

Structure Of Maltoheptaose By Difference Fourier Methods And A Model For Glycogen, E. Goldsmith, S. Sprang, R. Fletterick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The structure of the glucose heptamer, maltoheptaose, has been determined by difference Fourier analysis at 0.25 nm resolution through its binding to phosphorylase a. It is a left-handed helical structure, with 6.5 glucose residues per turn and a rise per residue of 2.4 Å. The molecule shows short-range order when no protein is present to stabilize its conformation in solution. With one exception, the individual torsion angles between sugar residues vary over a narrow range and preserve a good O₍₂₎O_(3′) hydrogen bond. The length of an individual chain for glycogen can be extrapolated from the maltoheptaose data …

Electrophoretic Variation In Large Mammals. Iii. The Ringed Seal, Pusa-Hispida, The Harp Seal, Pagophilus-Groenlandicus, And The Hooded Seal, Cystophora-Cristata, V. Simonsen, Fred W. Allendorf, W. F. Eanes, F. O. Kapel

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Seasonal Variation In The Foraging Behavior Of Some Migratory Western Wood Warblers, Richard L. Hutto

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

I observed the foraging behavior of four warbler species (Dendroica petechia, Oporornis tolmiei, Geothlypis trichas, and Wilsonia pusilla) in the summer in Wyoming and in the winter in Nayarit, Mexico. Of six variables (absolute foraging height, relative foraging height, vegetation density, horizontal foraging position, feeding method, and foraging substrate) believed to be potentially important in distinguishing the warbler species ecologically, the two foragingheight variables provided the greatest separation of the four species in both summer and winter. An analysis of the behavioral similarity of each species from summer to winter revealed that feeding method was the least …

Larval Specialization And Phenotypic Variation In Arctopsyche-Grandis (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae), F. Richard Hauer, Jack Arthur Stanford

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Life history, trophic dynamics, abundance, and microdistribution of Arctopsyche grandis (Banks) were investigated in the Flathead River Basin, Montana. Two morphologically and ecological distinct larvae (Type I, with a head stripe and Type II, without a head stripe) were found throughout the drainage except in lower order streams. Type II larvae grew more rapidly and attained a larger size in final instar than Type I larvae. In areas where A. grandis biomass was greatest, Type I larvae were >10 times as abundant as Type II larvae. Type II larvae selected microhabitats characterized by larger interstitial spaces; Type I larvae were …

Subunit Interactions And The Allosteric Response In Phosphorylase, S. Sprang, R. J. Fletterick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The contribution of intersubunit interactions to allosterically induced conformational changes in phosphorylase are considered. Phosphorylase a, Pa (phosphorylated at Ser-14), is significantly in the active (R) conformation, while phosphorylase b, Pb (nonphosphorylated), is predominantly in the inactive (T) conformation. The structure of glucose-inhibited (T) Pa has been determined at 2.5-A resolution and atomic coordinates have been measured. These data have been used to calculate the solvent accessible surface area at the subunit interface and map noncovalent interactions between protomers. The subunit contact involves only 6% of the Pa monomer surface, but withdraws an area of 4,600 A2 from solvent. The …

The Structure Of Glycogen Phosphorylase A At 2.5 Å Resolution, Stephen Sprang, Robert J. Fletterick

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The structure of the glucose-inhibited form of glycogen phosphorylase a has been determined at a resolution of 2.5 Å. With the aid of the primary sequence derived by Titani et al. (1977) for this enzyme, we have constructed an atomic model of the 97,400 molecular weight monomer. A substantial improvement in the electron density map over that reported previously (Fletterick et al., 1976b) was achieved by extension of the data set to 2.5 Å and the inclusion of three additional "heavy-atom" derivatives in the phasing procedure. Main-chain and side-chain electron density are clearly resolved in the map, allowing an unambiguous …

Isoenzyme Loci In Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta L.) - Detection And Interpretation From Population Data, Fred W. Allendorf, N. Mitchell, N. Ryman, G. Stahl

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Previously reported results on natural populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) urged further studies using additional electrophoretically detectable loci. Samples of brain, eye, heart, kidney, liver, and muscle from approximately 50 specimens from each of two populations and a large number of muscle samples from several additional populations were examined. Electrophoretic and staining methods for the 37 enzymes studied are given in detail. Of a total of 69 loci detected, 54 loci were considered usable in population genetics screenings. The expression of the loci coding for these enzymes is described and interpreted. The results presented will serve as …

On The Sedimentation Behavior And Molecular Weight Of 16s Ribosomal Rna From Escherichia Coli, Walter E. Hill, Kenneth R. Bakke, Donald P. Blair

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Genetic Variation In Scandinavian Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta L.): Evidence Of Distinct Sympatric Populations, Fred W. Allendorf, Nils Ryman, A. Stennek, G. Stahl

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Large differences in certain morphological traits between populations of brown trout (Salmo trutfa L.) in the lakes of northern Sweden led us to initiate an electrophoretic examination in an effort to understand the genetic structure of these populations. A total of 549 brown trout from four lakes were examined at 10 electrophoretically detected loci. Genetic variation was found at only three loci, coding for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (AGP), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). A total absence of heterozygotes at the LDH-I locus in Lake Bunnersjoarna, coupled with significant correlations between LDH-I type and both CPK-I allele frequencies and …

Gene Duplication In The Family Salmonidae 111. Linkage Between Two Duplicated Loci Coding For Aspartate Aminotransferase In The Cutthroat Trout (Salmo Clarki), Fred W. Allendorf, Fred M. Utter

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The genetic control of the supernatant form of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) was studied in the cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki) through a series of experimental matings. 509 individuals of eight families were examined to determine (1) the number of loci, (2) the mode of inheritance (i.e. disomic or tetrasomic), and (3) the linkage relationship of the loci involved. The variation observed is controlled by a duplicated locus resulting from a presumed tetraploid event of an ancestral salmonid. The inheritance experiments revealed .the presence of two disomic loci rather than a single tetrasomic locus. indicating that disomy has been reestablished …

Delayed-Hypersensitivity Reactions Provoked By Ribosomes From Acid-Fast Bacilli - Physical Characteristics And Immunological Aspects Of Core Ribosomal-Proteins From Mycobacterium-Smegmatis, R. V. Loge, Walter E. Hill, Robert E. Baker, C. L. Larson

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.