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Articles 841 - 870 of 1681
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Inhibitory Effect Of Enterocin Kp In Combination With Sublethal Factors On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Or Salmonella Typhimurium In Bhi Broth And Uht Milk, Zeli̇ha Yildirim, Yaseli̇n İlk, Meti̇n Yildirim, Kader Tokatli, Ni̇lgün Öncül
Inhibitory Effect Of Enterocin Kp In Combination With Sublethal Factors On Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Or Salmonella Typhimurium In Bhi Broth And Uht Milk, Zeli̇ha Yildirim, Yaseli̇n İlk, Meti̇n Yildirim, Kader Tokatli, Ni̇lgün Öncül
Turkish Journal of Biology
The effects of physical and chemical sublethal treatments on the antibacterial activity of enterocin KP produced by Enterococcus faecalis KP against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium were investigated. Enterocin KP was not active against intact cells of E. coli O157:H7 or S. Typhimurium. However, the use of enterocin KP together with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (50 mM), sodium tripolyphosphate (50 mM), sublethal heating (60 °C for 10 min), cold shock (-20 °C for 2 h), or acid stress (mixture of 40% lactic acid, 16% propionic acid, 16% acetic acid) in BHI medium decreased the cell number of E. coli O157:H7 by …
Heterotic Grouping And Patterning Of Quality Protein Maize Inbreds Based On Genetic And Molecular Marker Studies, Ambika Rajendran, Arunachalam Muthiah, John Joel, Ponnusamy Shanmugasundaram, Dhandapani Raju
Heterotic Grouping And Patterning Of Quality Protein Maize Inbreds Based On Genetic And Molecular Marker Studies, Ambika Rajendran, Arunachalam Muthiah, John Joel, Ponnusamy Shanmugasundaram, Dhandapani Raju
Turkish Journal of Biology
An investigation was done to study the heterotic grouping and patterning in quality protein maize inbreds. Biochemical screening resulted in the choice of 3 inbreds each with high (UQPM 2, UQPM 4, and UQPM 21) and low (UQPM 18, UQPM 19, and UQPM 20) lysine and tryptophan contents respectively for genetic studies using diallel analysis. UQPM 20 × UQPM 18 was notable as it possessed high standard heterosis and specific combining (sca) effect for grain yield, protein, tryptophan, and lysine. Based on yield sca, the 6 parental inbreds were classified into 3 heterotic groups. Intergroup cross UQPM 20 × UQPM …
Study Of In Vitro Anther Culture In Selected Genotypes Of Genus Capsicum, Dorota Olszewska, Anna Kisiala, Aleksandra Niklas-Nowak, Pawel Nowaczyk
Study Of In Vitro Anther Culture In Selected Genotypes Of Genus Capsicum, Dorota Olszewska, Anna Kisiala, Aleksandra Niklas-Nowak, Pawel Nowaczyk
Turkish Journal of Biology
The combined effect of anther incubation time on CP induction medium (12, 14, and 16 days) and 2 concentrations of kinetin in R1 regeneration medium (0.1 and 0.3 mg/L) on the effectiveness of androgenesis was investigated in 17 genotypes of Capsicum grown in Poland. Plant material consisted of breeding lines and intraspecific hybrids of C. annuum; the species of C. frutescens, C. chinense, and C. baccatum var. pendulum; interspecific hybrids F_1 (C. frutescens × C. chinense) and F_1 (C. frutescens × C. baccatum); and doubled haploid lines derived from the hybrids. The results of the tested variants of the experiment …
Isolation And Amplification Of Genomic Dna From Barks Of Cinnamomum Spp., Valya Parambil Swetha, Viswanath Alambath Parvathy, Thotten Elampillay Sheeja, Bhaskaran Sasikumar
Isolation And Amplification Of Genomic Dna From Barks Of Cinnamomum Spp., Valya Parambil Swetha, Viswanath Alambath Parvathy, Thotten Elampillay Sheeja, Bhaskaran Sasikumar
Turkish Journal of Biology
Cinnamomum verum Presl (syn. C. zeylanicum Blume), the cinnamon of commerce, is an important aromatic tree spice having wide applications in perfumery, flavoring, beverages, and medicine. Adulteration of cinnamon with the cheaper and inferior barks of C. aromaticum and C. malabatrum is a problem. Morphological distinction of the barks is difficult; in the case of powdered barks, the situation is even worse. DNA-based molecular tools are preferred under these circumstances. Isolation of high quality DNA is a prerequisite for molecular studies, but barks contain polysaccharides, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites that hamper DNA isolation. Since attempts at isolating DNA using existing …
Squalestatin-Induced Production Of Taxol And Baccatin In Cell Suspension Culture Of Yew (Taxus Baccata L.), Sayed Asadollah Amini, Leila Shabani, Ladan Afghani, Zohreh Jalalpour, Majid Sharifi-Tehrani
Squalestatin-Induced Production Of Taxol And Baccatin In Cell Suspension Culture Of Yew (Taxus Baccata L.), Sayed Asadollah Amini, Leila Shabani, Ladan Afghani, Zohreh Jalalpour, Majid Sharifi-Tehrani
Turkish Journal of Biology
Various elicitors have already been reported to enhance the production of taxol and related taxanes. In this study, effects of a fungal metabolite, squalestatin, on production of taxol and baccatin III were studied. Expressions of 4 key involved genes, ts, dbat, bapt, and dbtnbt, in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata were also detected using qPCR. Results showed that application of squalestatin significantly increased taxol and baccatin III yields. Increased expressions of the genes were in accordance with measures of taxol and baccatin accumulations in cells and medium. Production of H_{2}O_{2} has significant positive correlations with both gene expression and taxanes, …
Current Paradigms Of Cancer Chemoprevention, Rajendra G. Mehta
Current Paradigms Of Cancer Chemoprevention, Rajendra G. Mehta
Turkish Journal of Biology
Cancer chemoprevention has been continually evolving ever since the term was coined in the 70s. From the original approaches of identifying chemopreventive agents from the dietary constituents based on the epidemiological data to the current status of adapting them from the molecular targets, significant understanding of cancer as a disease and its possible prevention has been achieved. The identification of the chemopreventive agent from a complex mixture of natural product extracts involves numerous steps including bioassay guided fractionation; evaluation of the extracts, fractions and isolated new chemicals selectively using in vitro and in vivo experimental models; and understanding the mechanism …
Genotoxic, Cytotoxic, And Apoptotic Effects Of Crude Extract Of Usnea Filipendula Stirt. In Vitro, Serap Çeli̇kler Kasimoğullari, Seyhan Oran, Ferda Ari, Engi̇n Ulukaya, Nazlihan Aztopal, Mehmet Sarimahmut, Şule Öztürk
Genotoxic, Cytotoxic, And Apoptotic Effects Of Crude Extract Of Usnea Filipendula Stirt. In Vitro, Serap Çeli̇kler Kasimoğullari, Seyhan Oran, Ferda Ari, Engi̇n Ulukaya, Nazlihan Aztopal, Mehmet Sarimahmut, Şule Öztürk
Turkish Journal of Biology
Lichens are recently receiving great attention because they have potential anticancer activity. Therefore, in this study, genotoxic and antigrowth properties of lichen species Usnea filipendula Stirt. were tested against human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231). Antigrowth effect was assayed by the MTT and ATP viability assays. Cell death modes (apoptosis/necrosis) were evaluated morphologically (fluorescence staining) and biochemically (caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, caspase-3 activity, and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage). Genotoxic activity of U. filipendula was determined by using micronucleus, chromosomal aberration, and comet assays in human lymphocyte culture. U. filipendula inhibited growth in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis by …
Stimulatory Effect Of Methyl Jasmonate And Squalestatin On Phenolic Metabolism Through Induction Of Lox Activity In Cell Suspension Culture Of Yew, Zohreh Jalalpour, Leila Shabani, Ladan Afghani, Majid Sharifi-Tehrani, Sayed Asadollah Amini
Stimulatory Effect Of Methyl Jasmonate And Squalestatin On Phenolic Metabolism Through Induction Of Lox Activity In Cell Suspension Culture Of Yew, Zohreh Jalalpour, Leila Shabani, Ladan Afghani, Majid Sharifi-Tehrani, Sayed Asadollah Amini
Turkish Journal of Biology
Cell suspension cultures of Taxus baccata were treated with 2 elicitor compounds, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and squalestatin (S), individually and in combination for 7 days to determine if they mediated the enhancement of biosynthesis of endogenous jasmonate through induction of lipoxygenase (LOX) activity. Total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total antioxidants, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and LOX activities in 5-month-old yew cell cultures were studied. Our results showed that MeJA and S could stimulate production of phenol derivatives in cell suspension cultures of T. baccata. In parallel to the induction of phenolic production in elicited cells, results showed that …
In Vitro And In Silico Characterization Of Solanum Lycopersicum Wound-Inducible Proteinase Inhibitor-Ii Gene, Faiza Munir, Syed Muhammad Saqlan Naqvi, Tariq Mahmood
In Vitro And In Silico Characterization Of Solanum Lycopersicum Wound-Inducible Proteinase Inhibitor-Ii Gene, Faiza Munir, Syed Muhammad Saqlan Naqvi, Tariq Mahmood
Turkish Journal of Biology
Plant proteinase inhibitors (PIs) are antimetabolic defensive proteins conferring resistance in plants against a variety of competing organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, attacking nematodes, and insects. In the fields of plant biochemistry and molecular genetics research, tremendous success has been achieved in generating transgenic crops that have defensive approaches against biotic challenges. In this study, in vitro and in silico analysis was carried out for a wound-inducible PI-II gene isolated from 4 selected varieties (Roma, Nagina, Moneymaker, and Rio Grande) of Solanum lycopersicum L. Around 684 bp of PI-II gene was amplified, sequenced, translated, modeled to protein structure, and …
Identification And Molecular Characterization Of A Receptor-Like Protein Kinase Gene From Corchorus Capsularis, Kh. Ambareen Reza, Sazia Sharmin, Mahdi Muhammad Moosa, Niaz Mahmood, Ajit Ghosh, Rifat Ara Begum, Haseena Khan
Identification And Molecular Characterization Of A Receptor-Like Protein Kinase Gene From Corchorus Capsularis, Kh. Ambareen Reza, Sazia Sharmin, Mahdi Muhammad Moosa, Niaz Mahmood, Ajit Ghosh, Rifat Ara Begum, Haseena Khan
Turkish Journal of Biology
A leucine-rich repeat-containing protein kinase (LRR-PK) gene has been identified in Corchorus capsularis. This gene, named CcLRR-RLK1, is 3032 bp long and encodes a protein composed of 958 amino acid residues. The deduced peptide contains 3 distinctive domains: a transmembrane domain, 5 leucine-rich repeat-containing motifs, and a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. Expression analysis indicated that the gene is reduced by several environmental stresses including high salt, fungus, and abscisic acid, suggesting its possible involvement in multiple stress response pathways.
Phylogenetic Analysis Of Rhizoctonia Solani Ag-4 Isolates From Common Beans In Black Sea Coastal Region, Turkey, Based On Its-5.8s Rdna, Meli̇ke Çebi̇ Kiliçoğlu, İbrahi̇m Özkoç
Phylogenetic Analysis Of Rhizoctonia Solani Ag-4 Isolates From Common Beans In Black Sea Coastal Region, Turkey, Based On Its-5.8s Rdna, Meli̇ke Çebi̇ Kiliçoğlu, İbrahi̇m Özkoç
Turkish Journal of Biology
In this study, 114 Rhizoctonia solani isolates were obtained from diseased common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants from the Black Sea coastal region of Turkey. Genetic variation was determined among R. solani anastomosis group 4 (AG-4) subgroups (AG-4 HG-I and AG-4 HG-II). ITS-5.8 rDNA sequences of these isolates were aligned with other known R. solani sequences from GenBank, and distance and parsimony analysis were used to determine phylogenetic relationships. The R. solani AG-4 isolates were placed in 2 main lineages, corresponding to AG-4 HG-I and AG-4 HG-II. Based on phylogenetic analysis, genetic variations were shown in the AG-4 subgroups (especially …
Compositional Studies And Antioxidant Potential Of Albizia Lebbeck (L.) Benth. Pods And Seeds, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq, Shakeel Ahmad, Mughal Qayum, Sezai̇ Erci̇şli̇
Compositional Studies And Antioxidant Potential Of Albizia Lebbeck (L.) Benth. Pods And Seeds, Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq, Shakeel Ahmad, Mughal Qayum, Sezai̇ Erci̇şli̇
Turkish Journal of Biology
Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. is an important medicinal tree found in Pakistan. The present study evaluates the composition and antioxidant potential of various parts of the A. lebbeck plant. Compositional studies indicated carbohydrates as major components while saponin was found as a major antinutrient in both pods and seeds. Potassium was found in the highest amount and copper in the lowest. The amino acid profile indicated that arginine and lysine are present in excessive amounts in seeds while glutamic acid and aspartic acid are present in the highest concentrations in pods. While the linoleic acid was detected as the major …
The Effect Of 3-Methylcholanthrene And Butylated Hydroxytoluene On Glycogen Levels Of Liver, Muscle, Testis, And Tumor Tissues Of Rats, Fi̇kri̇ye Polat, Egemen Dere, Eylem Gül, İzzet Yelkuvan, Öztürk Özdemi̇r, Günsel Bi̇ngöl
The Effect Of 3-Methylcholanthrene And Butylated Hydroxytoluene On Glycogen Levels Of Liver, Muscle, Testis, And Tumor Tissues Of Rats, Fi̇kri̇ye Polat, Egemen Dere, Eylem Gül, İzzet Yelkuvan, Öztürk Özdemi̇r, Günsel Bi̇ngöl
Turkish Journal of Biology
This study examined the effects of separate and combined applications of 3-methylcholanthrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and potent carcinogenic agent, and butylated hydroxytoluene, the antioxidant food additive, on the glycogen levels of liver, muscle, testis, and tumor tissues in rats. Adult male Wistar albino rats weighing 100-110 g at 8 weeks of age were used in this study. This study consisted of a control group (n = 9) and 3 different experiment groups in which rats were chronically treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (n = 9) or butylated hydroxytoluene (n = 11) or a combination of these agents (n = 14). Rats …
Purification Of Antioxidant Protein Isolated From Peganum Harmala And Its Protective Effect Against Ccl4 Toxicity In Rats, Hanaa Ahmed, Helal Abu Elzahab, Gamia Alswiai
Purification Of Antioxidant Protein Isolated From Peganum Harmala And Its Protective Effect Against Ccl4 Toxicity In Rats, Hanaa Ahmed, Helal Abu Elzahab, Gamia Alswiai
Turkish Journal of Biology
The present study was conducted to determine the protective effect of the purified protein from seeds of Peganum harmala against carbon tetrachloride (CCl_{4})-induced toxicity in male albino rats. The purification steps included ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sepharose, and Superdex 75 columns. The molecular mass of the purified protein was 132 kDa by gel filtration technique; it consisted of 2 subunits with molecular masses of 30.199 kDa and 38.018 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Results of the dose-dependent experiment with purified protein prior to CCl_4 administration were higher at 4 mg/kg body weight. The antioxidant activity of the purified protein …
Salicylic Acid Delays Leaf Rolling By Inducing Antioxidant Enzymes And Modulating Osmoprotectant Content In Ctenanthe Setosa Under Osmotic Stress, Mehmet Demi̇ralay, Aykut Sağlam, Asi̇m Kadioğlu
Salicylic Acid Delays Leaf Rolling By Inducing Antioxidant Enzymes And Modulating Osmoprotectant Content In Ctenanthe Setosa Under Osmotic Stress, Mehmet Demi̇ralay, Aykut Sağlam, Asi̇m Kadioğlu
Turkish Journal of Biology
The effects of salicylic acid (SA) on leaf rolling under osmotic stress in Ctenanthe setosa (Roscoe) Eichler were evaluated. The leaves were pretreated with SA, paclobutrazol (PAC), and antioxidant enzyme inhibitors for 15 h and then kept in polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 4 h to promote osmotic stress. The degree of leaf rolling was measured every hour during the 4-h PEG treatment. Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activities, endogenous SA contents, hydrogen peroxide, proline, and soluble sugar were determined immediately after PEG treatment. SA treatment retarded leaf rolling and induced antioxidant …
Karyotype Traits In Romanian Selections Of Edible Blue Honeysuckle, Elena Truta, Gabriela Vochita, Craita Maria Rosu, Maria Magdalena Zamfirache, Zenovia Olteanu, Lacramioara Oprica
Karyotype Traits In Romanian Selections Of Edible Blue Honeysuckle, Elena Truta, Gabriela Vochita, Craita Maria Rosu, Maria Magdalena Zamfirache, Zenovia Olteanu, Lacramioara Oprica
Turkish Journal of Biology
Large morpho-anatomical and biochemical variability was evidenced in all Lonicera caerulea L. provenances. The knowledge of chromosome constitution is of basic importance in this context of elevated phenotype heterogeneity and represents a necessary step in breeding programs. The Romanian selections are tetraploid (2n = 4x = 36). Chromosomes are small-sized (
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, And Synergistic Properties Of Two Nutraceutical Plants: Terminalia Catappa L. And Colocasia Esculenta L., Sumitra Chanda, Kalpna Rakholiya, Komal Dholakia, Yogesh Baravalia
Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, And Synergistic Properties Of Two Nutraceutical Plants: Terminalia Catappa L. And Colocasia Esculenta L., Sumitra Chanda, Kalpna Rakholiya, Komal Dholakia, Yogesh Baravalia
Turkish Journal of Biology
Antibiotics have been effective in treating infectious diseases, but resistance to these drugs has led to the emergence of new and reemergence of old infectious diseases. Using a combination of plant extracts and antibiotics is one way of combating these multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of 2 nutraceutical plants: Terminalia catappa and Colocasia esculenta. The antimicrobial activity of the plants was evaluated against 25 microorganisms by agar well diffusion method. C. esculenta did not show any antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Therefore, only methanol extract of T. catappa was …
A Holistic Approach For Selection Of Bacillus Spp. As A Bioremediator For Shrimp Postlarvae Culture, Thimmalapura Devaraja, Sanjoy Banerjee, Fatimah Yusoff, Mohamed Shariff, Helena Khatoon
A Holistic Approach For Selection Of Bacillus Spp. As A Bioremediator For Shrimp Postlarvae Culture, Thimmalapura Devaraja, Sanjoy Banerjee, Fatimah Yusoff, Mohamed Shariff, Helena Khatoon
Turkish Journal of Biology
Indigenous Bacillus pumilus, B. licheniformis, and B. subtilis were isolated from marine water and soil samples and investigated for potential bioremediation ability in Penaeus monodon culture. Bacillus spp. were selected based on their wide range of growth conditions, ease of mass culture, tolerance to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), inhibition of pathogenic vibrios, nonpathogenicity, and ability to reduce TAN. Results showed that optimum growth of the selected Bacillus spp. occurred at 30 °C, pH 7.5, and 1.5% NaCl, and they secreted protease, amylase, and lipase. Vibrio spp. were also inhibited by 3 Bacillus spp. In addition, the selected Bacillus spp. had …
Using Seedlessness-Related Molecular Markers In Grapevine Breeding For Seedlessness Via Marker-Assisted Selection Into Muscat Of Hamburg × Sultani Progeny, Murat Akkurt, Ati̇lla Çakir, Mi̇na Shi̇dfar, Fi̇li̇z Mutaf, Gökhan Söylemezoğlu
Using Seedlessness-Related Molecular Markers In Grapevine Breeding For Seedlessness Via Marker-Assisted Selection Into Muscat Of Hamburg × Sultani Progeny, Murat Akkurt, Ati̇lla Çakir, Mi̇na Shi̇dfar, Fi̇li̇z Mutaf, Gökhan Söylemezoğlu
Turkish Journal of Biology
The seedlessness-related molecular markers VMC7f2, SCC8, and SCF27 were used for the early selection of seedless individuals in the Muscat of Hamburg (seeded) × Sultani (seedless) progeny of 314 F1 hybrids. The DNA from F1 hybrids was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 3 markers. After digestion of the SCC8 marker PCR amplification products by restriction enzyme Bgl II, 72 individuals showed homozygous SCC8+/SCC8+ alleles at the seed development inhibitor locus, 76 individuals of the progeny amplified with the SCF27 marker produced 2.0-kb bands, and 118 individuals with seedlessness-related 198-bp alleles amplified with the VMC7f2 marker were selected as …
Antioxidant Activity Of In Vitro Propagated Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Plants Of Different Origins, Ely Zayova, Ira Stancheva, Maria Geneva, Maria Petrova, Lyudmila Dimitrova
Antioxidant Activity Of In Vitro Propagated Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Plants Of Different Origins, Ely Zayova, Ira Stancheva, Maria Geneva, Maria Petrova, Lyudmila Dimitrova
Turkish Journal of Biology
An efficient in vitro protocol for propagation of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is described. Multiple shoots were induced in vitro from shoot tip and nodal segments on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine, zeatin, or thidiazuron alone and in combination with naphthalene acetic acid or indole-3-acetic acid. A high frequency of shoot induction as well as maximum number of shoots per shoot tip explant was observed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (1.0 mg L^{-1}) alone and combined with indole-3-acetic acid (0.1 mg L^{-1}). For root induction, in vitro shoots were transferred to rooting media containing naphthalene acetic acid, …
Comparison Of The Volatiles Of Daphne Pontica L. And D. Oleoides Schreber Subsp. Oleoides Isolated By Hydro- And Microdistillation Methods, İlhan Gürbüz, Betül Demi̇rci̇, Gerhard Franz, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, Erdem Yeşi̇lada, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇
Comparison Of The Volatiles Of Daphne Pontica L. And D. Oleoides Schreber Subsp. Oleoides Isolated By Hydro- And Microdistillation Methods, İlhan Gürbüz, Betül Demi̇rci̇, Gerhard Franz, Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer, Erdem Yeşi̇lada, Fati̇h Demi̇rci̇
Turkish Journal of Biology
Aerial parts of Daphne pontica were collected from Ilgaz-Çankırı, and D. oleoides subsp. oleoides was collected from 2 different localities (Ayrancı-Karaman and Ilgaz-Çankırı) in Turkey. The samples were subjected to hydrodistillation and microdistillation. The resulting volatile samples were analyzed both by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The main components for D. pontica were identified as hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (8.6%), carvacrol (8.5%), dihydroedulane II (4.7%), (E)-geranyl acetone (4.6%), and thymol (4.5%), while nonacosane (42.5% and 27.2%), hexadecanoic acid (24.4% and 20.0%), phytol (12.3%), and carvacrol (5.0%) were identified as the main components of D. oleoides subsp. oleoides obtained …
Investigation Of The Genotoxic And Antigenotoxic Properties Of Essential Oils Obtained From Two Origanum Species By Drosophila Wing Smart Assay, Eşref Demi̇r, Bülent Kaya, Ricard Marcos, Serap Kocaoğlu Cenkci̇, Hüseyi̇n Çeti̇n
Investigation Of The Genotoxic And Antigenotoxic Properties Of Essential Oils Obtained From Two Origanum Species By Drosophila Wing Smart Assay, Eşref Demi̇r, Bülent Kaya, Ricard Marcos, Serap Kocaoğlu Cenkci̇, Hüseyi̇n Çeti̇n
Turkish Journal of Biology
In this study, essential oils extracted from 2 species of oregano, Origanum onites L. and Origanum minutiflorum O.Schwarz & P.H.Davis, were assayed for genotoxicity using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Results indicated that there is no significant genotoxic effect of the 2 oils tested. In addition, the antigenotoxic activities of these oils against potassium dichromate (K_{2}Cr_{2}O_{7}) and cobalt chloride (CoCl_{2}) were tested. Results indicated that essential oil cotreatments were able to abolish the genotoxic effects induced by the 2 metal compounds. It is suggested that the observed effects can be linked to the antioxidant properties …
Micropropagule Production From Trichoderma Harzianum Ege-K38 Using Solid-State Fermentation And A Comparative Study For Drying Methods, Sayit Sargin, Yüksel Gezgi̇n, Rengi̇n Eltem, Fazi̇let Vardar
Micropropagule Production From Trichoderma Harzianum Ege-K38 Using Solid-State Fermentation And A Comparative Study For Drying Methods, Sayit Sargin, Yüksel Gezgi̇n, Rengi̇n Eltem, Fazi̇let Vardar
Turkish Journal of Biology
In this study, Trichoderma harzianum EGE-K38 was used for micropropagule production in solid-state fermentation. Various inexpensive agricultural co-products including wheat bran, sawdust, rice straw, hazelnut shell, grape marc, and cotton seed cake were tested as natural substrates, and zeolite was tested as an inert support for micropropagule production. Several parameters were determined to obtain maximum micropropagule production: the effects of various nitrogen sources, initial moisture content, initial pH, incubation temperature, and incubation time. Maximum micropropagule count achieved was (1.30 ± 0.68) × 10^{10} cfu/g dry substrate with a wheat bran-malt sprout mixture (3:2), at 28 °C, an initial moisture content …
Toxicities Of Diuron And Irgarol On The Hatchability And Early Stage Development Of Artemia Salina, Hakan Alyürük, Levent Çavaş
Toxicities Of Diuron And Irgarol On The Hatchability And Early Stage Development Of Artemia Salina, Hakan Alyürük, Levent Çavaş
Turkish Journal of Biology
Booster biocides are widely used in antifouling paints as bioactive agents against fouling organisms. In previously published reports, acute toxicity tests on Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758) were only focused on a part of the life cycle of the organism. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicities of diuron and irgarol on the hatching stage of A. salina. According to the results, diuron significantly decreased the hatching percentage of A. salina cysts and prevented the hatching of larvae. The EC_{50} value for diuron was found as 12.01 mg/L. On the other hand, irgarol had no effect on the …
The Effects Of Zinc Chloride During Early Embryonic Development In Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio), Melek Küçükoğlu, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek
The Effects Of Zinc Chloride During Early Embryonic Development In Zebrafish (Brachydanio Rerio), Melek Küçükoğlu, Uğur Seçi̇l Bi̇nokay, Ayper Boğa Pekmezekmek
Turkish Journal of Biology
This study investigated the developmental toxicity of zinc chloride (ZnCl_{2}) in zebrafish embryos (Brachydanio rerio, Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 5 different concentrations of ZnCl_{2}, from the blastula stage, for 15 days under static renewal test conditions. As a result, the corresponding median lethal concentration (LC_{50}) value determined for ZnCl_2 exposure was 1.36 mg/L (0.65 mg/L as a lone Zn^{2+} ion). At 1.0 mg/L ZnCl_{2}, the exposed group's hatching began at 7 days instead of at 4 days, and most of the embryos died in the chorion without hatching at 11 and 12 days. Developmental deformities such as …
Effect Of Nitrogen Supply On The C/N Balance In The Lichen Evernia Prunastri (L.) Ach., Silvana Munzi, Tommaso Pisani, Luca Paoli, Monia Renzi, Stefano Loppi
Effect Of Nitrogen Supply On The C/N Balance In The Lichen Evernia Prunastri (L.) Ach., Silvana Munzi, Tommaso Pisani, Luca Paoli, Monia Renzi, Stefano Loppi
Turkish Journal of Biology
This study investigated the relationship between nitrogen and carbon in the thalli of the lichen Evernia prunastri, with an emphasis on the role of the C/N balance in the response of this species to N excess. For this purpose, thalli collected at a remote site were sprayed for 5 weeks with NH_{4}NO_{3} (0.05 and 1 M) and (NH_{4})_{2}SO_4 (0.025 and 0.5 M) solutions, and later analyzed for their C and N content. The results showed that the total N content of thalli increased and the total C content decreased along with increasing N concentration in the treatment solutions. Consequently, the …
First Records And Microgeographical Variations Of Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria In An Inner Sea (The Sea Of Marmara) Between The Mediterranean And The Black Sea, Turkey, Gülşen Altuğ, Mi̇ne Çardak, Peli̇n Sali̇ha Çi̇ftçi̇, Sevan Gürün
First Records And Microgeographical Variations Of Culturable Heterotrophic Bacteria In An Inner Sea (The Sea Of Marmara) Between The Mediterranean And The Black Sea, Turkey, Gülşen Altuğ, Mi̇ne Çardak, Peli̇n Sali̇ha Çi̇ftçi̇, Sevan Gürün
Turkish Journal of Biology
The microdiversity and composition of culturable heterotrophic aerobic bacteria were investigated in seawater samples taken from the Sea of Marmara (an important basin between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea) in different time periods throughout 2002-2010. The bacterial isolates were identified with the automated microidentification system VITEK 2 Compact 30 (bioMerieux, France). The compositions of identified bacteria according to their exposure to environmental factors in the areas from which they were isolated were compared. The primary hydrographic parameters (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen) were recorded at the sampling station. The highest heterotrophic aerobic bacteria abundance was found in the coastal …
Histology And Scanning Electron Microscopy Observations Of Cryopreserved Protocorm-Like Bodies Of Dendrobium Sonia-28, Ranjetta Poobathy, Uma Rani Sinniah, Xavier Rathinam, Sreeramanan Subramaniam
Histology And Scanning Electron Microscopy Observations Of Cryopreserved Protocorm-Like Bodies Of Dendrobium Sonia-28, Ranjetta Poobathy, Uma Rani Sinniah, Xavier Rathinam, Sreeramanan Subramaniam
Turkish Journal of Biology
The genus Dendrobium possesses horticultural importance. Dendrobium sonia-28 is an important ornamental orchid in the flower industry. Cryopreservation is a favoured long-term storage method for orchids with propagation problems. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium sonia-28 were cryopreserved using the vitrification technique. Histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were conducted on stock, non-cryopreserved (control), and cryopreserved PLBs of Dendrobium sonia-28 to detect cryoinjuries resulting from the vitrification protocol. Histological observations of control PLBs indicated that the preculture, osmoprotection, and dehydration steps were not physically damaging to the PLBs. Histological and SEM analyses of cryopreserved PLBs indicated that the freezing and …
Partial Purification And Characterization Of Cellulases From Digestive Tracts Of The African Giant Snail (Achatina Achatina), Paul Chijioke Ozioko, Sabinus Oscar Onyebuchi Eze, Ferdinand Chiemeka Chilaka
Partial Purification And Characterization Of Cellulases From Digestive Tracts Of The African Giant Snail (Achatina Achatina), Paul Chijioke Ozioko, Sabinus Oscar Onyebuchi Eze, Ferdinand Chiemeka Chilaka
Turkish Journal of Biology
Crude cellulase was extracted from the digestive tracts of 30 mature Achatina achatina and subjected to a 3-step purification process of ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration. This purification procedure gave 3 prominent enzyme activity peaks that coincided with protein peaks and were designated A, B, and C, corresponding to high endoglucanase, \beta-glucosidase, and total cellulase activities, respectively. Temperature optima of 50 °C were recorded for \beta-glucosidase and total cellulase while 45 °C was recorded for endoglucanase. Total cellulase, glucosidase, and endoglucanase showed maximum activities at pH values of 5.5, 4.5, and 7.5, respectively. Kinetic studies show that total …
Improved Salt Tolerance Of Jute Plants Expressing The Kate Gene From Escherichia Coli, Md. Shahidul Islam, Muhammad Shafiul Azam, Sazia Sharmin, Abu Ashfaqur Sajib, Md. Maksudul Alam, Md. Shamim Reza, Rajib Ahmed, Haseena Khan
Improved Salt Tolerance Of Jute Plants Expressing The Kate Gene From Escherichia Coli, Md. Shahidul Islam, Muhammad Shafiul Azam, Sazia Sharmin, Abu Ashfaqur Sajib, Md. Maksudul Alam, Md. Shamim Reza, Rajib Ahmed, Haseena Khan
Turkish Journal of Biology
There is an urgent need for developing crops with greater tolerance to environmental stresses. This is even more important for fiber crops, which are being pushed to the marginal low-productive lands in order to make more room for food crops. Jute is the source of a highly versatile and environmentally friendly natural fiber, and is second only to cotton in terms of production and variety of uses. In this study, we used a tissue culture independent method for introducing a CMV 35S promoter driven katE gene from Escherichia coli K12 into a popular jute cultivar (Corchorus olitorius var O-72) in …