Biochemistry Commons^™

Genetic And Biochemical Aspects Of O-Hydroxycinnamic Acid Synthesis In Melilotus Alba, Herman J. Gorz, Francis A. Haskins, A. Kleinhofs

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

In sweetclover (Melilotus alba Desr.) the cis- and trans-isomers of o-hydroxycinnamic acid occur primarily as the respective, β-D-glucosides. Available evidence indicates that these glucosides are formed via the following pathway: phenylalanine (formed from shikimic acid) → trans-cinnamic acid → o-coumaric acid (trans-o-hydroxycinnamic acid) → o-coumaryl glucoside (trans-β-D-glucosyl-o-hydroxycinnamic acid) → coumarinyl glucoside (cis-β-D-glucosyl-o-hydroxycinnamic acid). In tissues that are disrupted, coumarinyl glucoside is rapidly hydrolyzed by the action of endogenous β-glucosidase to yield coumarinic acid, which lactonizes spontaneously to form coumarin. The cu …

Water Chemistry Survey Of Boulder Basin, Lake Mead, P. R. Tramutt, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

The survey results indicate that the impoundment of water behind Hoover Dam has not adversely affected the dissolved oxygen (DO) content and that water quality and DO content were uniform regardless of depth. The study made in April-May 1964 will provide water quality data of Lake Mead prior to releases from Lake Powell as a basis for evaluating Lake Powell's effect on water quality and limnology of Lake Mead. The performance of a DO analyzer was tested and found unsatisfactory at depths below 150 ft. Parameters tested by standard chemical analyses of water samples in the Denver Laboratory and by …

A Quantitative Assay For Vanillylmandelic Acid (Vma) By Gas-Liquid Chromatography / Sherwin Wilk From The Department Of Medicine, Th Emount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York And The Department Of Chemistry, Fordham University, New York, N.Y. Stanley E. Gitlow And Milton Mendlowitz From The Department Of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York Morton J. Franklin And Herman E. Carr From The Department Of Psychiatry, Boston University, School Of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts And Donald D. Clarke From The Department Of Chemistry, Fordham University, New York, New York, Sherwin Wilk, Stanley E. Gitlow, Milton Mendlowitz, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Until the discovery of the major product of catecholamine n1etabolism, vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), by Annstrong in 1957 (1), biochemical studies of epinephrine and norepinephrine metabolism were dependent upon determination of the small quantities of these materials excreted unchanged in the urine. The methods designed to measure VMA have proved adequate to detect the gross abnormalities in metabolism usually associated with catecholamine-producing tumors (2-7), but more exact procedures are required for quantitative metabolic studies. Present spectrophotometric and electrophoretic methods are nonspecific in that they yield values for VMA that are higher than those obtained by chromatographic and isotope dilution techniques (5). …

Acid Hydrolysis Of 3-Phenylsydnone-2-N15 / Joanne Staley And Donald D. Clarke Chemistry Department, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, Joanne Staley, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

When N -phenylsydnone is hydrolyzed by acid, an internal oxidation- reduction reaction takes place with the formation of phenylhydrazine, formic acid, and carbon dioxide. The mechanism shown below was suggested for this reaction by Baker and Ollis. Aside from the nature of the end products of this hydrolysis, the strongest evidence cited by Baker and Ollis in support of their mechanism is the paper by Kenner and Mackay who reported the isolation of a-acylhydrazines when the hydrolysis was carried out in benzene with stoichiometric quantities of water and hydrochloric acid. However, Kenner and Mackay gave no experimental evidence to support …

Quantitative Aspects Of Co2 Fixation In Mammalian Brain In Vivo / H. Waelsch, S. Berl, C.A. Rossi, D. D. Clarke, And D. P. Purpura New York State Psychiatric Institute And Departments Of Biochemistry And Neurological Surgery, College Of Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, N.Y., Heinrich Waelsch, Soll Berl, C. A. Rossi, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The rate of fixation of carbon dioxide in vivo into aspartate, glutamate, oxoglutarate, and glutamine of cerebral cortex and liver in the absence and presence of elevated concentrations of tissue ammonia was studied. The specific activities of the isolated metabolites were related to the specific activity of the tissue CO2. It was attempted to obtain an approximate steady state level of tissue 14CO2 by maintaining a constant isotope concentration in the venous and arterial blood through continuous intravenous administration of NaH14CO3. 1. In the absence of ammonia, aspartic acid achieved the highest specific activity in both brain and liver; the …

Radicinin: Revision Of Its Structure Obtained From Nmr Measurements / D. D. Clarke F. F. Nord N. S. Bhacca Laboratory Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology Fordham University Bronx 58, New York Spectroscopy Applications Laboratory Varian Associates Palo Alto, California, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord, N. S. Bhacca

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Radicinin, a metabolite of the formula C12H1205 was isolated from the carrot plant pathogen Stemphylium Tadicinum and described in earlier communications. Hansen isolated a metabolite from S. radicinum that inhibited the growth of Lepidium sativum and named it stemphylone. From the physical and chemical properties described for stemphylone it would appear to be identical with radicinin

Carbon Dioxide Fixation In The Brain / Soll Berl, Genkichiro Takagaki, Donald D Clarke, And Heinrich Waelsch From The New York Psychiatric Institute And The Colleg Eof Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, Soll Berl, Genkichiro Takagaki, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Carbon dioxide fixation in brain was studied in cats to which NaHC14O3, with and without ammonia, was administered by intracarotid infusion. Glutamic and aspartic acids, glutamine, glutathione, and γ-aminobutyric acid were isolated from blood, brain, and liver, and their specific activities were determined. The data indicate a significant incorporation of CO2 into the amino acids of the cerebral cortex, presumably by way of the citric acid cycle. Without simultaneous ammonia infusion, the specific activity of aspartic acid is 3 times that of glutamine, whereas in the presence of ammonia the ratios of specific activity of both compounds are closer to …

Comprehensive Survey Of Sedimentation In Lake Mead, 1948-49, W. O. Smith, C. P. Vetter, G. B. Cummings, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Reservoirs are becoming an increasingly prominent feature of the American landscape. Built for flood mitigation and to change a fluctuating river into a dependable source of water for irrigation, power, and other purposes, they are predestined, like natural lakes, to be destroyed sometime following their creation. Sedimentation sooner or later robs most lakes and reservoirs of their capacity to store water. The significance of sedimentation in the life of Lake Mead, the largest artificial reservoir in the world, was realized when the plan for the reservoir was conceived, and an aerial survey of the floor was made in 1935 before …

Amine Incorporation Into Insulin As Catalyzed By Transglutaminase / M. J. Mycek, D. D. Clarke, A. Neidle And H. Waelsch From The Department Of Biochemistry, College Of Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, And The New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, M. J. Mycek, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, A. Neidle, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Enzymically Catalyzed Incorporation Of Amines Into Proteins / Nirmal K. Sarkar Donald D. Clarke Heinrich Waelsch Department Of Biochemistry, College Of Physicians And Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, And The New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, N.Y. (U.S.A.), Nirmal K. Sarkar, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In experiments reported some years ago the enzyme-catalyzed exchange of the amide group of glutamine and asparagine with 15N ammonia was demonstrated but an exchange of the amide groups of protein bound dicarboxylic amino acids could not be explored owing to the unfavorable experimental conditions1 . Recently the problem of the metabolism of protein-amide groups was approached again with the aid of 14C-labeled amines, such as ethanolamine or cadaverine. Soluble protein fractions obtained from sucrose homogenates (o.2sM) of the livers of guinea pigs, rats, mice, and rabbits by centrifugation at roo,ooo X g were incubated in the presence of Ca++ …

Synthesis Of Phosphatidyl Peptides I. O-(Distearoyl-L-A-Glycerylphosphoryl)-L-Serylglycylglycine / By Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, And Donald D. Clarke (From The Banting And Best Department Of Medical Research, University Of Toronto, Toronto, Canada), Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The synthesis of a phosphatidyl tripeptide has been accomplished. It was prepared by (a) phosphorylation of D-α,β-distearin with phenylphosphoryl dichloride and pyridine, (b) esterification of the resulting distearoylL- α-glycerylphenylphosphoryl chloride with N-carbobenzoxy-L-serylglycylglycine benzyl ester in the presence of lutidine, and (c) removal of the protective groups by catalytic hydrogenolysis. The O-( distearoyl-L-α-glycerylphosphoryl)- L-serylglycylglycine was obtained in an over-all yield of 12 per cent. The synthesis of N-carbobenzoxy-L-serylglycylglycine benzyl ester, for which two procedures have been reported, has been simplified considerably by condensing N -carbobenzoxy-L-serine with glycylglycine benzyl ester by means of N ,N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The phosphatidyl tripeptide is cleaved by …

Metabolic Activity Of Protein Amide Groups, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Amos Neidle, Nirmal K. Sarkar, Heinrich Waelsch

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

L-Serylglycylglycine / By Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, And Donald D. Clarke, Erich Baer, Jonas Maurukas, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A synthesis of the hitherto unreported L-serylglycylglycine by two different methods is described. N-carbobenzoxy L-serylglycylglycine benzyl ester, an intermediate in the preparation of the tripeptide, was found to be a suitable derivative in the synthesis of L-α-phosphatidyl L-serylglycylglycine

Radicinin: A Metabolite From Stemphylium Radicinum. I. Chemistry And Action / D. D. Clarke And F. F. Nord From The Department Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology, Fordham University, New York, New York, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The conditions for the growth of Sterad and isolation of radicinin are described. The formula C12H1205 wasas established for this compound by preparation and analyses of several derivatives. Degradation and spectrophotometric studies were employed to establish the molecular formula. Studies on the mode of action of radicinin revealed that it caused an increase in the rate of dehydrogenation of isopropyl alcohol by FIB, but that it had no effect on the quantity or degree of desaturation of the fat synthesized by FIB

Radicinin: A Metabolite From Stemphylium Radicinum. Ii. On The Mechanism Of Its Biosynthesis / D. D. Clarke And F. F. Nord From The Department Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology, Fordham University, New York, New York, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord

Chemistry Faculty Publications

After studying the effect of various substrates and also of certain enzyme inhibitors on the rate of formation of radicinin by Sterad, it is suggested that the carbohydrate molecule is utilized intact in the biosynthesis of radicinin

Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra Of Derivatives Of 2,3,5- And 2,4,5-Trihydroxyacetophenone / By D. D. Clarke And F. F. Nord, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Radicinin: A New Pigment From Stemphylium Radicinum / D. D. Clarke F. F. Nord Department Of Organic Chemistry And Enzymology, Fordham University, New York 58, New York, Donald Dudley Clarke Phd, Friedrich F. Nord

Chemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Concerning The Site Of Nitrogen Absorption In Rats Fed Autoclaved Or Raw Soybean Oil Mea, Raymond Borchers

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Carroll, Hensley, and Graham (1) have concluded that much of the nitrogen absorption in rats fed raw soybean oil meal must take place in the cecum. This conclusion was reached from data showing that the apparent digestibility of raw soybean nitrogen in the terminal 20% of the small intestine was 32.65%, whereas in the feces the value was 76.96%. Values reported, for apparent digestibility of heated soybean nitrogen were 78.66% and 81.78%, respectively. This observation presented a notable advance in explaining the lower nutritive value of raw soybeans compared with autoclaved soybeans. It therefore seemed advisable to repeat this work …

A Metabolic Relationship Between The Aromatic Amino Acids, Joseph F. Nyc, Francis A. Haskins, Herschel K. Mitchell

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The present work involves a further investigation of a Neurospora mutant, C-86, previously mentioned by Lein, Mitchell and Houlahan (1) as one that can utilize anthranilic acid, indole, tryptophan, kynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and nicotinic acid as supplements for growth. Mutant C-86, when crossed to a “wild-type” strain, was found to differ from this wild type strain, with respect to tryptophan biosynthesis, by a mutation at a single locus. The evidence presented suggests the possibility of a common precursor to the aromatic amino acids.

Riboflavin Production By Molds, George L. Peltier, Raymond Borchers

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Very little information is at hand regarding the ability of molds to synthesize riboflavin. Few citations pertaining directly to riboflavin production by true

molds are available. Pontovich (1943) found as much as 2 mg riboflavin per g

of Aspergillus flavus mycelium. Tanner et at. (1945) determined the quantity of

riboflavin in the submerged fermentation media of Penicillium chrysogenum.

The highest value found was 1. 36 mg per ml. The primary purpose of this study

was to screen several hundred isolates, recently obtained from soil, crop residues,

and composts, for their ability to produce riboflavin on a wheat bran substrate.

Threonine Deficiency In Hydrolysates Of Zein Prepared By Autoclaving, Raymond Borchers, John R. Totter, Clarence P. Berg

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

In a previous paper (Borchers and Berg, 1942) we showed that

autoclaving zein with sulfuric acid longer than necessary for complete

hydrolysis causes destruction and racemization; either of

these might account for the failure of such a hydrolysate to

promote growth in young rats when substituted for a hvdrolysate,

prepared by refiuxing, in a diet which produced moderate growth.

It seemed to us that this deterioration in the dietary protein might

well be the result primarily of essential amino acid deficiencies

which could be detected and overcome by appropriate supplementation.

Because threonine is known to be present in zein in …

Tryptophane Metabolism X. The Effect Of Feeding 1(-)-, Dl-, And D(+)-Tryptophane, D(-)And Dl-(Β-3-Indolelactic Acid,(Β-3-Indolepyruvic Acid, And L(-)Kynurenine Upon The Storage Of Liver Glycogen And The Urinary Output Of Kynurenic Acid, Kynurenine, And Total Acetone Bodies, Raymond Borchers, Clarence P. Berg, Newton E. Whitman

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The amount of tryptophane required for maintenance and growth is small (2). When an excess is supplied to some animals, kynurenic acid is excreted (3) and, under certain conditions, kynurenine also (4). Although these are quantitatively the most important of the known metabolic products of tryptophane, the amounts excreted in extensive tests in the dog and rabbit have usually accounted for less than half, more often for less than a third, of the tryptophane administered (4-6).

The Effect Of Conditions Of Hydrolysis And Of Prolonged Heating Upon The Optical Rotation Of Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysates Of Zein, Raymond Borchers, Clarence P. Berg

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Some time ago we observed that a sulfuric acid hydrolysate of zein prepared in an autoclave at 165˚ did not support growth in young rats when it was supplemented with certain amino acids, even though the same amino acids, added to a hydrolysate prepared by refluxing, permitted moderate growth. Since the optical rotation of the autoclaved hydrolysate was lower than that of the refluxed, either destruction or racemization of essential constituents, or both, might have occurred. Loss of amino nitrogen and production of extra ammonia upon prolonged autoclaving of proteins with acids have been noted by Van Slyke (1912) …

Studies On Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy. I. Dietary Factors, Ii. Fibrosis And Lipomatosis Of Tissues, Violet Myrtle Wilder

Department of Biochemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Dissertation published as three peer-reviewed papers:

Sergius Morgulis, Violet M. Wilder, and S. H. Eppstein. (September 1938). Further studies on dietary factors associated with nutritional muscular dystrophy. Journal of Nutrition 16(3): 219-227.

Howard C. Spencer, Sergius Morgulis, and Violet M. Wilder. (August 1937). A micromethod for the determination of gelatin and a study of the collagen content of muscles from normal and dystrophic rabbits. Journal of Biological Chemistry 120(1): 257-266.

Sergius Morgulis, Violet M. Wilder, Howard C. Spencer, and S. H. Eppstein. (August 1938). Studies on the lipid content of normal and dystrophic rabbits. Journal of Biological Chemistry 124(3): 755-766.