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2023

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Articles 721 - 734 of 734

Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology

Functional Characterization Of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei Heat Shock Protein 90 In Response To White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection, Warumporn Yingsunthonwattana Jan 2023

Functional Characterization Of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus Vannamei Heat Shock Protein 90 In Response To White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection, Warumporn Yingsunthonwattana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are host chaperones that can be used by viruses to facilitate various steps of viral infections. In this study, we found that Litopenaeus vannamei heat shock protein 90 (LvHSP90) is a viral-responsive protein, due to a significant transcriptional and translational upregulation following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. Suppression of LvHSP90 significantly reduced WSSV infection which was corresponded with significantly decreased expressions of viral genes, including the immediate-early genes and viral DNA polymerase. Conversely, injecting shrimp with WSSV that had been co-incubated with a recombinant LvHSP90 (rLvHSP90) promoted WSSV infection as evidenced by an increased cumulative …

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Design Of Block Copolymer With Tunable Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic/Fluorophilic Interactions, Tatiane De Fatima Dutra Jan 2023

Design Of Block Copolymer With Tunable Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic/Fluorophilic Interactions, Tatiane De Fatima Dutra

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Block copolymers (BCP) with balanced interactions and their resultant bulk-phase self-assembly have become increasingly important in advancing nanotechnology, separation, and energy applications. However, a few reports have addressed the synthesis challenge and bulk-phase self-assembly of such triblock copolymers. This thesis presents a facile route for preparing triblock copolymer via controlled radical and organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization that allows precise control over the incorporation of individual moieties in resultant polymer, responsible for balanced hydrophilic, hydrophobic/lipophilic, and fluorophilic interactions. Synthesized polymer with suggested self-assembled 2D lamellar nanostructure exhibits high-temperature stability. The long-term goal of this work is to selectively use this polymer class …

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A Computational Study Of The Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation Of Boronic Acids, Kevin Nyhuis Jan 2023

A Computational Study Of The Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation Of Boronic Acids, Kevin Nyhuis

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

This work is a computational study of a reaction mechanism for the trifluoromethylation of boronic acids. Three steps of the proposed reaction mechanism are studied, •CF3 addition to a copper catalyst center, base promoted transmetalation between copper and aryl boronic acid, and bond forming reductive elimination in which the CF3 and aryl substituent form a bond. Limited information is known about this mechanism. This study uses computational methods to attempt to elucidate the mechanism and provide the groundwork for potential improvement. Quantum chemical methods in conjunction with tight-binding based conformational sampling methods are used to investigate the possible …

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Investigating The Roles Of Active Site Residues K59, K119 And E168 In M. Tuberculosis Indole-3-Glycerol Phosphate Synthase, Maryum M. Bhatti Jan 2023

Investigating The Roles Of Active Site Residues K59, K119 And E168 In M. Tuberculosis Indole-3-Glycerol Phosphate Synthase, Maryum M. Bhatti

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is caused by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis and primarily attacks the lungs but can spread to other areas of the body as well. TB can develop resistance to drugs that may be used to cure the disease. Multidrug resistant TB is especially a growing issue as it does not respond to the two most powerful anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. For this reason, finding new ways to target TB are critically needed. One possible way to do this is to target the enzymes in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway of M. tuberculosis. Studies have …

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A Biophysical Approach To Modeling Elevational Range Shifts In Colorado Mammal Communities, Ryan T. Mahar Jan 2023

A Biophysical Approach To Modeling Elevational Range Shifts In Colorado Mammal Communities, Ryan T. Mahar

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Species geographic ranges are shifting in the face of contemporary climate warming, and documenting range shifts is crucial to our understanding of the underlying drivers mediating movement in geographic range limits. Studies on elevational range shifts with climate change are beginning to accrue within the literature, though observed shifts are idiosyncratic and difficult to predict. Some species may respond to warming temperatures by shifting their range limits upslope, where temperatures are cooler owing to the adiabatic lapse rate. However, species may also respond to warming temperatures in an elevation-dependent manner: if changes in snow depth expose overwintering organisms to colder …

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Investigating Changes In Er-To-Golgi Protein Transport Following A Short Calcium Pulse: Roles Of Alg-2 And Peflin, Alaa Mohammed Yosri Shaheen Jan 2023

Investigating Changes In Er-To-Golgi Protein Transport Following A Short Calcium Pulse: Roles Of Alg-2 And Peflin, Alaa Mohammed Yosri Shaheen

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The ER-Golgi interface is a very dynamic environment that involves the movement of protein-loaded vesicles forward and backward. The movement of COPII-coated vesicles from the ER to the Golgi is the initial step in the movement of secreted, organellar, and cell surface proteins toward their final destinations. Many factors can regulate this step, including cytosolic calcium increases. In this study, we examined the effect of a transient calcium pulse on recruitment to ER exit sites of cargo proteins for ER export, the calcium-sensitive regulatory proteins apoptosis-linked gene 2 (ALG-2) and peflin, and the COPII outer coat subunits Sec31A and Sec13. …

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Use Of Foreign Edna Tracers To Resolve Site- And Time-Specific Edna Distributions In Natural Streams, Braden A. Herman Jan 2023

Use Of Foreign Edna Tracers To Resolve Site- And Time-Specific Edna Distributions In Natural Streams, Braden A. Herman

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Substantial uncertainty in how to interpret eDNA observations motivates a need for a technique to effectively and efficiently measure of system- and time-specific eDNA distributions. Using a technique to robustly calibrate eDNA dynamics in a given system would improve established eDNA methods such as presence and absence and has the potential to refine estimates of organism abundance using eDNA concentration that are less well understood. Particles of eDNA are present in a wide variety of size and type resulting in varying transport dynamics, persistence, decay, among others. This variation likely makes eDNA transport more complex than that of conservative tracers …

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Identification And Functional Characterization Of Mads-Box Proteins And Ccos Involved In Carotenoid Metabolism In Durian Durio Zibethinus L. Pulps, Kittiya Tantisuwanichkul Jan 2023

Identification And Functional Characterization Of Mads-Box Proteins And Ccos Involved In Carotenoid Metabolism In Durian Durio Zibethinus L. Pulps, Kittiya Tantisuwanichkul

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Durian (Durio zibethinus L.), known as the "King of fruits," holds significant economic importance in Thailand. Apart from its unique odor and sweet taste, durian pulp exhibits a yellow color, which is an important aspect of fruit quality. Carotenoids are essential compounds responsible for the yellow, orange, and red coloration in many fruits and vegetables. During durian fruit development and ripening processes, its pulp changes from white to yellow due to increased carotenoid accumulation. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, responsible for carotenoid production, is controlled by ethylene. However, the mechanism underlying this process in durian fruit is still unknow. Notably, the …

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Tissue And Sex-Dependent Regulation Of Innate Immunity And Rna Editing In Mice, Kelsey R. Kendrick Jan 2023

Tissue And Sex-Dependent Regulation Of Innate Immunity And Rna Editing In Mice, Kelsey R. Kendrick

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Inflammation occurs as a result of insult or infection within the body. Individual cells respond to inflammation by upregulating genes that help mediate the immune response, such as ADAR1. ADAR1 helps regulate the immune response but also catalyzes a process called RNA editing. RNA editing alters the sequence of select mRNAs to alter the encoded proteins. The result is altered function of the encoded protein, which is often beneficial for the cell. Our goal was to determine how inflammation affects the function of ADAR1. Since we know that the effects of inflammation vary between different organs and sexes, we examined …

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Role Of Grb2 Intracellular Localization In Progesterone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Nattamolphan Wittayavimol Jan 2023

Role Of Grb2 Intracellular Localization In Progesterone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer, Nattamolphan Wittayavimol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Progesterone receptor (PR) extranuclear signaling mediates mainly through PR polyproline domain (PPD) interaction with SH3 domain of cytoplasmic signaling molecules. PR-PPD interfered with Grb2-SOS binding through SH3 interaction resulting in decreased cell proliferation and correlates with a good prognosis in PR positive breast cancer. Grb2 is a key adaptor molecule and expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm. We hypothesized that change in Grb2 localization alters PR transcription resulting in better clinical outcomes in PR positive breast cancer. BT-474 breast cancer cells expressing inducible Grb2-SV402x (nuclear Grb2, nuGrb2) or Grb2-MYR (membrane Grb2, memGrb2) were constructed. MemGrb2-BT-474 showed higher levels of PR …

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Roles Of Progesterone Signaling On Dna Repair And Cell Survival In Ovarian Cancer Cells, Pattarasiri Rangsrikitphoti Jan 2023

Roles Of Progesterone Signaling On Dna Repair And Cell Survival In Ovarian Cancer Cells, Pattarasiri Rangsrikitphoti

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Every year over 300,000 women worldwide are diagnosed with ovarian cancer and half of these patients die from this disease. The symptoms of ovarian cancer are very general and often confused with other common female diseases making ovarian cancer a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. Platinum-based chemotherapy, including cisplatin, stands as the first-line treatment for ovarian cancer. However, chemotherapy resistance remains a continuing problem, contributing to a high mortality rate. Progesterone receptor (PR) signaling has been implicated in various aspects of ovarian cancer biology. Clinical studies show a positive correlation between PR expression, improved patient survival and cisplatin response, …

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Natural Variation In Temperature-Modulated Immunity To Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato (Pst Dc3000) In Arabidopsis Thaliana Plants, Christina A. M. Rossi Jan 2023

Natural Variation In Temperature-Modulated Immunity To Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato (Pst Dc3000) In Arabidopsis Thaliana Plants, Christina A. M. Rossi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Studies conducted on the model plant-pathogen system Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) showed that elevated temperature suppresses the pathogen-induced production of salicylic acid (SA), which is a key plant defence hormone. This increased host vulnerability at higher temperatures is due to downregulated expression of CALMODULIN BINDING PROTEIN 60-LIKE G (CBP60g) and SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1), which encode master regulators of SA production. Collectively, these previous studies only focused on one natural accession of Arabidopsis called Columbia-0 (Col-0). However, the intraspecific variation in Arabidopsis immunity phenotypes under elevated temperature remains unknown. To fill this critical knowledge gap, my …

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Exploring The Membrane Protein And Peptide Interactions Of Mitochondrial And Bacterial Lipid Systems, George Saudan Jan 2023

Exploring The Membrane Protein And Peptide Interactions Of Mitochondrial And Bacterial Lipid Systems, George Saudan

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This study aims to expand the understanding of interactions between membrane lipids and proteins, and relate it to their biological functions in two experimental systems. The first system focuses on the interaction and conformation of a membrane protein Uncoupling Protein 4 (UCP4) in mitochondrial inner membrane lipids, in the absence and presence of cardiolipin; a lipid specific to mitochondrial inner membranes. The second system considers the interaction and conformation of a cell penetrating peptide, Penetratin, which can interact with both mammalian and bacterial cells. A N- and C-termini protected form of this 16-meric peptide (Pen2) was used to explore its …

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Investigation Of Mechanical Regulation On Stat3 Activity And Mmp Production, Jaxson R. Libby Jan 2023

Investigation Of Mechanical Regulation On Stat3 Activity And Mmp Production, Jaxson R. Libby

Honors Theses and Capstones

Transcription factor, STAT3, is inappropriately expressed in cancer cells, and has contrasting activation in 2D versus 3D microenvironments. 2D plates are often used for drug screening and do not always recapitulate in vivo responses. To combat inaccurate 2D drug studies, a 3D hydrogel was created to support the growth of cancer cells into a tumor-like environment. The hydrogel consists of a biocompatible dextran homopolysaccharide, cell adhesion RGD sequences, and crosslinker MMP labile peptides. A pH dependent reaction couples the RGD sequences to dextran then the polymers are crosslinked into a gel. Crosslinking is accomplished using terminal cysteine peptide sequences, allowing …

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