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2017

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Articles 871 - 900 of 1097

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Raising The Moral Consciousness Of Science, Bernard Rollin Jan 2017

Raising The Moral Consciousness Of Science, Bernard Rollin

Animal Sentience

Precaution on behalf of sentient animals should not be tempered by the questionable principle of the amorality of science.


Growing Yeast For Livestock, Zachary Christman Jan 2017

Growing Yeast For Livestock, Zachary Christman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Over 500,000 tons of organic materials such as food scraps are disposed of each year in Wisconsin. A large percentage of this material could be composted or turned into useful products. The purpose of this article is to educate farmers and organizations on how to turn food waste into a high value food source for livestock. Yeast can be grown at any time of the year without the large inputs of agricultural chemicals and machinery that is common with other feed production methods. A yeast growing facility can be scalable to any size the producer wants such as a small …


Consciousness Is Not Inherent In But Emergent From Life, Jon Mallatt, Todd E. Feinberg Jan 2017

Consciousness Is Not Inherent In But Emergent From Life, Jon Mallatt, Todd E. Feinberg

Animal Sentience

Reber’s theory of the cellular basis of consciousness (CBC) is right to emphasize that we should study consciousness (sentience) in its simplest form, taking its evolution into account. However, not enough evidence is presented to support CBC’s unorthodox claim that even simple, one-celled organisms are conscious. As pointed out by other commentators, the CBC seems to be based on outdated ideas about evolution and does not acknowledge that consciousness could be an evolutionary novel feature. Such emergent features are abundant in living organisms. We review our own emergentist solution, in which consciousness evolved in the elaborating nervous systems of the …


Evaluating A New Shade For Feedlot Cattle Performance And Heat Stress, Morgan D. Hayes, Tami M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, Larry A. Kuehn, R. Mark Thallman Jan 2017

Evaluating A New Shade For Feedlot Cattle Performance And Heat Stress, Morgan D. Hayes, Tami M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, Larry A. Kuehn, R. Mark Thallman

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Heat stress in cattle results in decreased feed intake, lower daily gain, and potentially death in susceptible animals under intense conditions. A study was carried out during the summer of 2013 at the USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center feedlot evaluating the impact of shade on environmental conditions and cattle performance. A novel two-tiered shade was used in half of the 14 pens, each holding 30 animals. The shades were designed to reduce solar heat load by 40% to 60% and to provide traveling shade across the pen, providing varied amounts of shade area as well as varied solar reduction …


Low Cost, Multi-Purpose Genotyping Panels For Dairy And Beef Cattle, Michelle Judge Jan 2017

Low Cost, Multi-Purpose Genotyping Panels For Dairy And Beef Cattle, Michelle Judge

Theses

rhe selection of animals based on DNA has revolutionised animal breeding, but the associated high cost of obtaining genotypes has limited its uptake. The objective of this thesis was to develop a low-cost, low-density, multi-purpose genotyping panel for the procurement of reliable genotype information, and to quantify the long-term consequences of using such low-density genotype panels in breeding programs. The objectives were achieved through a combination of real-life cattle genotype data and simulations to mimic a cattle population. The in-silico development of genotype panels was based on actual genotypes from up to 58,705 beef cattle. Alternative novel strategies were used …


Automating The Milking Process Within A Grass-Based System, John Shortall Jan 2017

Automating The Milking Process Within A Grass-Based System, John Shortall

Theses

The successful integration of automatic milking (AM) and grazing has resulted in AM becoming a feasible alternative to conventional milking (CM) in pasture-based systems. The objective of this thesis was to establish (i) the social, environmental and economic effects of adopting AM technology and (ii) the factors affecting cow traffic, which once the AM is adopted, can also impact on the sustainability of AM. A theme across this thesis is the examination of AM in the context of a seasonal pasture-based milk production system. Electricity and water meters were installed on seven AM fanns. Milking and livestock/^miscellaneous processes were the …


Precision Dairy Farming Technology Solutions For Detecting Dairy Cow Disease To Improve Dairy Cow Well-Being, Amanda Stone Jan 2017

Precision Dairy Farming Technology Solutions For Detecting Dairy Cow Disease To Improve Dairy Cow Well-Being, Amanda Stone

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Dairy cow health is multifactorial and complex. High producing dairy cows have been described as metabolic athletes, but metabolic and infectious diseases around calving affect many cows. These diseases have drastic negative effects on dairy cow well-being, milk production, and dairy farm economics. Early disease detection could potentially improve disease management, treatment, and future prevention techniques. The first objective of this research was to evaluate the use of activity, lying behavior, reticulorumen temperature, and rumination time determined by precision dairy farming technologies to detect transition cow diseases including hypocalcemia, ketosis, and metritis. The second objective was to evaluate the ability …


Influence Of Ergot Alkaloids On Rumen Motility: Time And Concentration Of Ergovaline + Ergovalinine Required To Impact Reticulorumen Motility, Kara Riccioni Jan 2017

Influence Of Ergot Alkaloids On Rumen Motility: Time And Concentration Of Ergovaline + Ergovalinine Required To Impact Reticulorumen Motility, Kara Riccioni

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Fescue toxicosis is problematic for ruminant livestock, causing weight loss and low productivity when fed endophyte-infected forages. Complete underlying mechanisms of toxicosis are unknown therefore; the objective of the study was to determine if ruminally dosed ergot alkaloids impact rumen motility. Cannulated steers were pair-fed a forage diet and ruminally dosed with endophyte-free (E-) or endophyte-infected (E+) tall fescue seed. An 8-h period of rumen motility collection began 4-h after feeding by monitoring pressure change via a wireless telemetry and transducer system. In experiment 1, steers were paired by weight and assigned to E- or E+ treatment. Overall, E+ steers …


Assessment Of Bovine Vascular Serotonin Receptor Populations And Transport Of Ergot Alkaloids In The Small Intestine, Miriam A. Snider Jan 2017

Assessment Of Bovine Vascular Serotonin Receptor Populations And Transport Of Ergot Alkaloids In The Small Intestine, Miriam A. Snider

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Prior work using a contractility bioassay determined that the serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtype 5-HT2A is present in bovine lateral saphenous veins and plays a role in ergot alkaloid-induced vascular contraction in steers grazing endophyte-infected (Epichloë coenophiala) tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). A study was conducted to determine what 5-HT receptors are involved in vasoconstriction of bovine gut vasculature. The findings of this study indicate that 5-HT2A is present and may play a role in ergot alkaloid induced vasoconstriction. A second study was conducted to determine if ergot alkaloids were transported in the small intestine. The …


Behavioral Gait Change Characterization And Detection Using Precision Dairy Monitoring Technologies, Barbara Wadsworth Jones Jan 2017

Behavioral Gait Change Characterization And Detection Using Precision Dairy Monitoring Technologies, Barbara Wadsworth Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Lameness is a painful disorder that decreases performance and is highly recognized as one of the most important health and welfare concerns for dairy cattle. Visual gait scoring is the most common way to detect gait change in dairy cattle. However, this is not only subjective, but is also time consuming and costly. A need to remove the subjective assessment of human observation exists. Therefore, automatic gait change detection for continuous monitoring by precision dairy monitoring technologies may be beneficial. The first objective of this research was to characterize behavior and production variables as cow gait changed to evaluate potential …


Dogs Consciously Experience Emotions: The Question Is, Which?, Ralph Adolphs Jan 2017

Dogs Consciously Experience Emotions: The Question Is, Which?, Ralph Adolphs

Animal Sentience

I discuss three themes related to Kujala’s target article. First, the wealth of emerging data on cognitive studies in dogs will surely show that dogs have a very rich repertoire of cognitive processes, for most of which we find homologues in humans. Second, understanding the internal states that mediate social behaviors, such as emotions, requires us to consider both a dog’s behaviors with other dogs, and the emergence of new behavioral patterns in interaction with humans. Third, all of this will certainly narrow the range of justifications for denying that dogs have subjective experiences of emotions.


Empathy In Dogs: With A Little Help From A Friend – A Mixed Blessing, Sabrina Karl, Ludwig Huber Jan 2017

Empathy In Dogs: With A Little Help From A Friend – A Mixed Blessing, Sabrina Karl, Ludwig Huber

Animal Sentience

Kujala (2017) presents an extensive overview of existing research on canine emotions in comparison to those of other non-human animals and humans. This commentary provides some additional research results on the intensively debated field of empathy in dogs. We focus on recent advances in the understanding of a fundamental building block of empathy — emotional contagion — and on dogs’ remarkable sensitivity for human emotions, including the skills of assistance dogs.



Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour, Rob Found Jan 2017

Individual Variation In Fear Behaviour, Rob Found

Animal Sentience

Individual variation in behaviour adds another layer of complexity to studies of animal responses to fear and risk, but when individual responses are consistent, and correlated with other behaviours, these patterns can provide a structure that furthers our understanding. I interpret Beauchamp’s review of vigilance and fear from the perspective of my own studies of elk personality. Wild elk responses to changing stimuli (benign or aversive) illustrate how personality is a key factor in explaining variation in vigilance and fear behavior. Personality even influences how wildlife can learn to assess risk and adjust their fear responses accordingly.


The Conservation Status Of Marine Biodiversity Of The Pacific Islands Of Oceania, H. Pippard, G. M. Ralph, M. S. Harvey, K. E. Carpenter, J. R. Buchanan, D. W. Greenfield, H. D. Harwell, H. K. Larson, A. Lawrence, C. Linardich, K. Matsuura, H. Motomura, T. A. Munroe, R. F. Myers, B. C. Russell, W. F. Smith-Vaniz, J. C. Vié, R. R. Thaman, J. T. Williams Jan 2017

The Conservation Status Of Marine Biodiversity Of The Pacific Islands Of Oceania, H. Pippard, G. M. Ralph, M. S. Harvey, K. E. Carpenter, J. R. Buchanan, D. W. Greenfield, H. D. Harwell, H. K. Larson, A. Lawrence, C. Linardich, K. Matsuura, H. Motomura, T. A. Munroe, R. F. Myers, B. C. Russell, W. F. Smith-Vaniz, J. C. Vié, R. R. Thaman, J. T. Williams

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Pacific Islands of Oceania are small islands and atolls occurring over a vast expanse of ocean that are characterized by immense biodiversity and endemism. This project represents a major expansion of the coverage of the Pacific Islands’ marine biodiversity on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The threats to Pacific Island marine biodiversity are many. Results from IUCN Red List initiatives such as this can guide decision-making and conservation prioritization of Pacific Island governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the private sector. By shaping regional and national policies with these data in mind, priority sites for maintaining marine biodiversity …


Impact Of Disease On The Survival Of Three Commercially Fished Species, John M. Hoenig, Maya L. Groner, Matthew W. Smith, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, David M. Taylor, Donald F. Landers Jr., John T. Swenarton, David T. Gauthier Jan 2017

Impact Of Disease On The Survival Of Three Commercially Fished Species, John M. Hoenig, Maya L. Groner, Matthew W. Smith, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, David M. Taylor, Donald F. Landers Jr., John T. Swenarton, David T. Gauthier

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent increases in emergent infectious diseases have raised concerns about the sustainability of some marine species. The complexity and expense of studying diseases in marine systems often dictate that conservation and management decisions are made without quantitative data on population-level impacts of disease. Mark-recapture is a powerful, underutilized, tool for calculating impacts of disease on population size and structure, even in the absence of etiological information. We applied logistic regression models to mark-recapture data to obtain estimates of disease-associated mortality rates in three commercially important marine species: snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) in Newfoundland, Canada, that experience sporadic epizootics …


A Risk Assessment And Phylogenetic Approach, Culum Brown Jan 2017

A Risk Assessment And Phylogenetic Approach, Culum Brown

Animal Sentience

The precautionary principal is often invoked when talking about the evidence of sentience in animals, largely because we can never be certain what any animal is thinking or feeling. Birch (2017) offers a preliminary framework for the use of the precautionary principal for animal sentience combining an epistemic rule with a decision rule. I extend this framework by adding an evolutionary phylogentic approach which spreads the burden of proof across broad taxonomic groups and a risk assessment component which magnifies the likely impact by the number of animals involved.


What If All Animals Are Sentient?, Arthur S. Reber Jan 2017

What If All Animals Are Sentient?, Arthur S. Reber

Animal Sentience

Birch develops a useful framework for determining when the Animal Sentience Precautionary Principle (ASPP) should be invoked. He rightly notes that there is a lack of agreement among social scientists, ethicists, and legislators even about whether the precautionary principle is useful, let alone when and how it should be implemented. His proposal is to establish a kind of cognitive threshold, and only when an animal shows a sufficient level of sentience would the ASPP be appropriate. From the point of view of the Cellular Basis of Consciousness model (Reber, 2016), all animals are sentient. If correct, the problems Birch identifies …


High-Resolution Mapping Of Hierarchical Greater Sage-Grouse Nesting Habitat: A Grain-Spectrum Approach In Northwestern Wyoming, Robert T. Haynam Iii Jan 2017

High-Resolution Mapping Of Hierarchical Greater Sage-Grouse Nesting Habitat: A Grain-Spectrum Approach In Northwestern Wyoming, Robert T. Haynam Iii

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Our overall objective was to create a probabilistic nesting-habitat map for the Jackson Hole sage-grouse population that would have utility as a tool for future research, conservation, and management. The models that we developed for this purpose were specified to evaluate whether sage-grouse may be selecting nesting-habitat characteristics simultaneously at various spatial scales. Our spatially-explicit landscape-scale research was implemented primarily with readily available National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) data. All nesting data was collected from 2007-2010. We tested how a broad range of grain sizes (spatial resolution) of covariate values affected the fit to logistic regression models used to estimate …


Of Cortex And Consciousness: “Phenomenal,” “Access,” Or Otherwise, Scott A. Husband Jan 2017

Of Cortex And Consciousness: “Phenomenal,” “Access,” Or Otherwise, Scott A. Husband

Animal Sentience

From the perspective of a comparative neuroanatomist studying the avian pallium, Woodruff’s (2017) claims about the behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for teleost sentience blur the lines between phenomenal and access consciousness (Block, 1995). I discuss the bias that complex cognition can only arise in the cortical layering typical of the mammalian pallium and conclude that Woodruff makes a good case that the tecto-pallial connections in teleosts are sufficiently complex to support something like sentience.


A Review Of Phage Therapy Against Bacterial Pathogens Of Aquatic And Terrestrial Organisms, Janis Doss, Kayla Culbertson, Delilah Hahn, Joanna Camacho, Nazir Barekzi Jan 2017

A Review Of Phage Therapy Against Bacterial Pathogens Of Aquatic And Terrestrial Organisms, Janis Doss, Kayla Culbertson, Delilah Hahn, Joanna Camacho, Nazir Barekzi

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Since the discovery of bacteriophage in the early 1900s, there have been numerous attempts to exploit their innate ability to kill bacteria. The purpose of this report is to review current findings and new developments in phage therapy with an emphasis on bacterial diseases of marine organisms, humans, and plants. The body of evidence includes data from studies investigating bacteriophage in marine and land environments as modern antimicrobial agents against harmful bacteria. The goal of this paper is to present an overview of the topic of phage therapy, the use of phage-derived protein therapy, and the hosts that bacteriophage are …


Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (Aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (Squamata: Lamprophiidae), Francisco Portillo Jan 2017

Systematics Of Collared Snakes And Burrowing Asps (Aparallactinae And Atractaspidinae) (Squamata: Lamprophiidae), Francisco Portillo

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The Subfamilies Aparallactinae (collared snakes) and Atractaspidinae (burrowing asps) occur in multiple habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa, and they include multiple poorly studied genera. The monophyly of these groups are well established, but relationships within the subfamilies are poorly known. My study contains samples from six of eight aparallactine genera, and both atractaspidine genera in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. I employed concatenated gene-tree analyses, divergence dating approaches, ancestral-area reconstructions, ancestral-state reconstructions, morphological analyses, and taxonomic assessments to infer phylogenies, biogeographic patterns, and evolutionary histories with a multi-locus data set consisting of three mitochondrial (16S, cyt b, and ND4) and …


Ontogenetic Changes In Nucleic Acid, Protein Contents, And Growthof Larval And Juvenile Japanese Flounder, Xue Hong Tong, Chengman Bao, Xinhui Tang, Xiaolan Yang, Huanli Wang Jan 2017

Ontogenetic Changes In Nucleic Acid, Protein Contents, And Growthof Larval And Juvenile Japanese Flounder, Xue Hong Tong, Chengman Bao, Xinhui Tang, Xiaolan Yang, Huanli Wang

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In order to estimate relationships among growth potential and biochemical indicators of Japanese flounder, RNA and DNA as well as protein indices were measured from 5 days after hatching (DAH) to 45 DAH. Results showed that the RNA/DNA ratio and protein/DNA ratio had obvious relations with instantaneous growth rate (GM) and length-based instantaneous growth rate (GL) during the premetamorphic period. Significant negative correlations among protein/DNA ratio and GM and GL were then observed during metamorphosis. During the postmetamorphic phase, the RNA/DNA ratio was positively correlated with GM and GL. Data indicated that body growth of Japanese flounder is mostly hyperplastic …


A Review Of Subtribe Phrosinellina Verves, 1989, With Descriptionof Phrosinella (Asiometopia) Kocaki Sp. Nov. From The Middle East(Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae: Metopiaini), Yury Verves, Liudmyla Khrokalo Jan 2017

A Review Of Subtribe Phrosinellina Verves, 1989, With Descriptionof Phrosinella (Asiometopia) Kocaki Sp. Nov. From The Middle East(Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae: Metopiaini), Yury Verves, Liudmyla Khrokalo

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Phrosinella kocaki Verves & Khrokalo sp. nov. from Israel is described as being new to science. A similar species, Phrosinella kozlovi (Rohdendorf, 1925), is recorded for the first time for Turkey and redescribed. Faunistic and ecological data on 31 species from 3 genera of subtribe Phrosinellina are given: Gymnoprosopa Townsend, 1892 (6 species); Gymnopsidia Shewell, 1987 (1 species); and Phrosinella Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863 (24 species). An original key to the genera and subgenera is presented.


Anatrachyntis Badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae): The First Report From Turkey And A Case Of Importation To Poland, Lukasz Dawidowicz, Robert Rozwa?Ka Jan 2017

Anatrachyntis Badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae): The First Report From Turkey And A Case Of Importation To Poland, Lukasz Dawidowicz, Robert Rozwa?Ka

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Anatrachyntis badia (Hodges, 1962) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopterigidae) is an opportunistic species native to the southern part of North America. This species was given from several dozens of plants therein from many cultivable plants, such as limes, grapefruits, bananas, peaches, cabbage, blossoms of coconut, Cycas spp., and even pine cones. Thus, it was accidentally introduced to many other countries with appropriate climate with some plants. It can be considered as a plant pest in some cases (e.g., sorghum). The species quite often occurs conjointly with other pest insects, such as mealybug or honeydew moth Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Milliere, 1867) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). This paper …


The Effect Of Pistacia Terebinthus Extract On Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione,Protein, And Some Enzyme Activities In Tissues Of Rats Undergoing Oxidative Stress, Semra Türkoğlu, Sai̇t Çeli̇k, Serhat Keser, İsmai̇l Türkoğlu, Ökkeş Yilmaz Jan 2017

The Effect Of Pistacia Terebinthus Extract On Lipid Peroxidation, Glutathione,Protein, And Some Enzyme Activities In Tissues Of Rats Undergoing Oxidative Stress, Semra Türkoğlu, Sai̇t Çeli̇k, Serhat Keser, İsmai̇l Türkoğlu, Ökkeş Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study measures the effects of Pistacia terebinthus flower extract on the amounts of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total protein, glutathione, and enzyme activities in blood. It also measures the effects of the plant extract on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities and it arrives at the conclusion that GSH-Px activity significantly increased in the Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide group (P < 0.0001) and SOD activity meaningfully increased in the Pistacia terebinthus (P < 0.05) and Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.0001) groups. It is also found that P. terebinthus extract has protective effects against LPO exerted in the kidney, brain, and lungs (P < 0.0001). The positive effects of P. terebinthus extract are also found on the levels of glutathione and total protein in all organs, except for the level of glutathione in the spleen and brain, and the increase of glutathione and total protein (P < 0.0001). These results are parallel to the effect of the extract used in this study on the LPO levels in tissues and they show that the plant species used in the study has positive effects on the activities of antioxidant molecules as well as protective effects against LPO.


Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Soft Bottom Polychaetes Of Sinop Peninsula(Southern Black Sea) With New Records, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Ertan Dağli, Murat Sezgi̇n Jan 2017

Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Soft Bottom Polychaetes Of Sinop Peninsula(Southern Black Sea) With New Records, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Ertan Dağli, Murat Sezgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The soft bottom polychaete community was examined seasonally at eight stations between August 2009 and July 2010. A total of 76 species belonging to 27 families were identified in the Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea), of which 23 species are new records for the Black Sea fauna and 7 species for the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Syllidae was the best represented family in the research area and contributed 15.78% of the total fauna. The most dominant and frequent species were Micronephthys stammeri and Protodorvillea kefersteini in the study area. Community parameters varied significantly among stations and seasons; number of …


Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Aquatic Insects In The Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, With New Records, Fatma Çeti̇nkaya, Aysel Bekleyen Jan 2017

Spatial And Temporal Distribution Of Aquatic Insects In The Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, With New Records, Fatma Çeti̇nkaya, Aysel Bekleyen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

We investigated insects of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin in terms of their composition and spatiotemporal distribution. Larvae, pupae, pupal exuviae, and nymphs of insects were obtained from samples collected by a plankton net monthly during a 1-year period in 2008 and 2009 at seven different sites of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin. A total of 35 taxa from the orders Trichoptera (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (3 taxa), and Diptera (31 taxa) were identified. Chironomidae (Diptera) was the most diverse group and was represented by three major subfamilies, namely Tanypodinae (2 taxa), Orthocladiinae (19 taxa), and Chironominae (7 taxa). Among these …


Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, And Trichoptera Assemblages Of Karst Springs In Relationto Some Environmental Factors: A Case Study In Central Bosnia And Herzegovina, Ana Savic, Dejan Dmitrovic, Vladimir Pesic Jan 2017

Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, And Trichoptera Assemblages Of Karst Springs In Relationto Some Environmental Factors: A Case Study In Central Bosnia And Herzegovina, Ana Savic, Dejan Dmitrovic, Vladimir Pesic

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study we analyzed changes of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) assemblages in 50 springs along the Cvrcka River mainstream in central Bosnia and Herzegovina. Springs were divided into 3 groups: rheocrene, rheopsammocrene, and piped springs. The objectives of our survey were to analyze changes in EPT communities in response to some environmental factors and anthropogenic activities. Twenty-eight morphologically distinct taxa were identified. EPT diversity was positively correlated to discharge and areal coverage of sand and stones but negatively correlated with areal coverage of algae. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the most important factors in structuring EPT spring assemblages …


The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Alireza Asem, Shichun Sun Jan 2017

The Incidence Of Rare Males In Seven Parthenogeneticartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) Populations, Muhammad Saleem Chang, Alireza Asem, Shichun Sun

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Males that present infrequently in parthenogenetic Artemia are commonly called "rare males". By rearing cloned parthenogenetic Artemia in the laboratory, the frequency of rare males was observed for seven Artemia populations with different ploidy compositions. The results showed that the values of the male:female ratio varied from 0.53:1000 to 1.40:1000 in diploids from different populations, and there were significant differences among populations and clones. No rare males were found in any of the 46 polyploid clones (217,197 individuals) observed.


Sexual Dimorphism In Two Catfish Species, Mystus Pelusius (Solander, 1794) And Glyptothorax Silviae Coad, 1981 (Teleostei: Siluriformes), Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Golnaz Sayyadzadeh, Mohammad Amini Chermahini Jan 2017

Sexual Dimorphism In Two Catfish Species, Mystus Pelusius (Solander, 1794) And Glyptothorax Silviae Coad, 1981 (Teleostei: Siluriformes), Hamid Reza Esmaeili, Golnaz Sayyadzadeh, Mohammad Amini Chermahini

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Sexual dimorphism of two catfish, Mystus pelusius (Solander, 1794) and Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981, is presented based on the examination of external morphology of the fish and morphology of the gonads. We observed sexual dimorphism for M. pelusius in the shape and position of the genital papilla. In the male, the genital papilla was a small, fleshy, pointed and broad-based structure. The pelvic fin was short and did not reach back to the genital papilla. In females of M. pelusius the opening of the genital structure was without any protrusion or with a very small, dot-like structure in a few …