Animal Sciences Commons^™

Bird Consumption Of Sweet And Tart Cherries, Catherine A. Lindell, Rachael A. Eaton, Erin M. Lizotte, Nikki L. Rothwell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Identifying species responsible for crop damage is an important first step in developing management strategies. Previous studies have surveyed bird species flying through cherry orchards but have not documented which species were consuming cherries. We conducted traditional surveys and behavioral observations in orchards of sweet cherries (Prunus avium) and tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) in Michigan during 2010 to compare results from the 2 techniques. American robins (Turdus migratorius) were detected most frequently during sweet cherry surveys, while behavioral observations showed that cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) consumed more sweet cherries than did robins. …

An Investigation Into The Use Of Road Drainage Structures By Wildlife In Maryland, Usa, James L. Sparks Jr., J. Edward Gates

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Culverts have been installed beneath roadways for drainage or to contain existing streams; however, most of them have not been installed to facilitate the passage of wildlife. Prior studies of existing drainage structures used by wildlife have been narrow in scope, targeting a restricted number of culverts, time periods, or locales. Use of culverts by wildlife has been postulated to promote connectivity of fragmented populations and their habitats and to reduce roadkills. We monitored 265 culverts located throughout Maryland, USA, with game cameras in all seasons and in every physiographic province. Our objectives were to identify those species using culverts …

Mixed-Breed Guarding Dogs Reduce Conflict Between Goat Herders And Native Carnivores In Patagonia, Alejandro González, Andrés Novaro, Martín Funes, Oscar Pailacura, María Jose Bolgeri, Susan Walker

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Goat husbandry is the main rural livelihood in the northern Patagonian steppe of Argentina, and herders kill any carnivore that they believe threatens their herds, including the endangered Andean cat (Leopardus jacobita). We evaluated the use of local, mediumsized, mixed-breed guarding dogs to reduce predation and retaliatory killing of carnivores. We interviewed 64 herders, and delivered 37 puppies to 25 herders. Most economic loss was attributed to cougars (Puma concolor) and culpeos (Lycalopex culpaeus). All herders with dogs that reached the working stage reported reduced rates of predation, and 88% reported that they no …

Commentary: Wildlife Management Professionals Need To Redefine The Terms: Lethal Control, Nonlethal Control, And Live Trap, Stephen M. Vantassel

Human–Wildlife Interactions

I argue that the terms lethal control, nonlethal control, and live trap are no longer sufficiently precise for continued use in the scientific community. Their continued use confuses the public and allows animal protectionists to use them as cudgels in political discourse. Alternative terms are recommended to resolve the semantic and subsequent political issues surrounding the traditional terms.

Effects Of Hikers And Boats On Tule Elk Behavior In A National Park Wilderness Area, Benjamin H. Becker, Christopher M. Moi, Thomas J. Maguire, Robert Atkinson, Natalie B. Gates

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Human disturbance of wildlife may cause disruption of normal feeding, resting, reproduction, or care for juveniles. Such disturbance may be particularly undesirable in federally managed wilderness areas designed to minimize human influences on natural resources. We recorded tule elk (Cervus elephus nannodes) responses (standing, walking away, running) to off-trail hikers, off-shore boats, and other natural and anthropogenic factors in Point Reyes National Seashore in northern California during 2002 to 2008. Most disturbance behaviors were related to other elk exhibiting rutting behaviors, but off-trail hikers still explained a 100% increase and off-shore boats a 15% increase in baseline disturbance …

Using Preconditioning Programs As A Management Tool For Value Added Calves, Jessica Crozier, Kerry A. Rood

All Current Publications

This publication discusses using preconditioning programs as a management tool for value added calves.

Chemical Defense In The Cave-Dwelling Millipede Brachydesmus Troglobius Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda, Polydesmidae), Slobodan E. Makarov, Ljubodrag V. Vujisić, Božidar P. M. Ćurčić, Bojan S. Ilić, Vele V. Tešević, Vlatka E. Vajs, Ivan M. Vučković, Bojan M. Mitić, Luka R. Lučić, Iris Ž. Đorđević

International Journal of Speleology

The troglomorphic millipede Brachydesmus troglobius Daday, 1889 (Polydesmida: Polydesmidae) secretes allomones from glands on both lateral surfaces of its body segments. The secretion was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis with electron and chemical ionization, and was shown to be composed of a mixture of benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, benzoylnitrile, benzoic acid and mandelonitrile benzoate. Hydrogen cyanide was qualitatively identified by the picric acid test. This is the first identification of these compounds in a cave-dwelling polydesmid.

The World’S Deepest Subterranean Community - Krubera-Voronja Cave (Western Caucasus), Alberto Sendra, Ana Sofia P.S. Reboleira

International Journal of Speleology

Subsurface biota extends over a wide variety of habitats that can be spatially interconnected. The largest communities of this subsurface biota inhabit cavities and are well known mainly in caves where biologists are able to have access. Data about deep subterranean communities and arthropods living under one thousand meters was unknown.

An expedition to world’s deepest cave, Krubera-Voronja in Western Caucasus, revealed an interesting subterranean community, living below 2000 meters and represented by more than 12 species of arthropods, including several new species for science. This deep cave biota is composed of troglobionts and also epigean species, that can penetrate …

Fractures In Young, Single-Humped Camels (Camelus Dromedarius), Ahmed F. Ahmed, Fahd Abdullah Al-Sobayil

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives were to study the frequencies and classification of fractures in young camels and to evaluate the clinical relevance of external fixation as a method of treatment. Cases of fractures (n = 75) in young camels (less than 2 years old) were studied. On admission, the cause, site, classification, and radiography of the fractures as well as the methods of treatment were investigated. Factors affecting fracture healing after treatment were investigated and analyzed. The frequencies of fracture were affected by breed (P = 0.001) and age (P = 0.01) but not sex. Trauma was the most common cause of …

Serum Protein Fractions In Brazilian-Breed Donkeys Using Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Paulo Henrique Cavalcante, Andrea Cristina Silva, Sidnei Sakamoto, Benito Soto-Blanco

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The values for the serum protein profiles of horses are available in many studies. However, only one study has characterized the electrophoretic migration profile of plasma protein in donkeys. The present study aimed to determine by agarose gel electrophoresis the normal values for serum protein fractions in erratic Brazilian-breed donkeys and to compare these values with those of the serum proteins of horses. Serum samples were collected from 26 donkeys of the Brazilian-breed and from 10 healthy horses. The serum levels of the total proteins were determined by the biuret method. The separation and determination of the values of serum …

Antioxidative And Antimicrobial Effects Of Garlic In Ground Camel Meat, Hamid Reza Gheisari, Vahid Reza Ranjbar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidative and antimicrobial effects of equivalent concentrations of garlic derivatives in ground camel meat during storage at 4 ± 1 °C. The addition of either garlic or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (0.1 g/kg) significantly delayed lipid oxidation when compared with the control. The antioxidant activities of the various ingredients added followed the order of fresh garlic (FG), garlic powder (GP), BHA, and garlic oil (GO). After 14 days' storage, the aerobic plate count (APC) of both FG- and GP-formulated meat was significantly lower than that of either the control or BHA-formulated samples. …

Performance Analysis Of A Two Stage Pad Cooling System In Broiler Houses, Meti̇n Petek, Serdal Di̇kmen, Mehmet Mustafa Oğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The cooling performance of a traditional (control) and two stage evaporative pad cooling system (experiment), including pad and fan with tunnel ventilation, for poultry houses and the growth performance of broilers reared in these systems was compared in a study performed during extreme summer temperatures. The experimental unit had a two stage pad cooling system, which consisted of underground tubes and a box, followed by a pad cooling system with tunnel ventilation. The control unit had a traditional evaporative cooling system, including pad and fan with tunnel ventilation. Air temperature, relative humidity, and saturation efficiency were used to determine the …

A Determination Of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Polymorphisms In East Anatolian Red Cattle, South Anatolian Red Cattle, And Turkish Grey Cattle, Iraz Akiş Akad, Ahmet Mengi̇, Kemal Özdem Öztabak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to determinate the genotype and allele distributions of growth hormone receptor gene polymorphisms in East Anatolian Red cattle (EAR), South Anatolian Red cattle (SAR), and Turkish Grey (TG) cattle. To this end, 50 EAR, 50 SAR, and 50 TG cattle were used in the study. DNA samples were isolated by using the standard ammonium acetate salt-out method. Target regions were amplified and digested by AluI, AccI, StuI, NsiI, and Fnu4HI restriction enzymes. The + allele frequency of growth hormone receptor (GHR)/AluI polymorphism related with milk traits in TG cattle and the - allele frequencies …

Optimum Timing For Operation In Bitches With Pyometra Related To Endotoxemia, Meli̇h Uçmak, Çağatay Tek, Mehmet Can Gündüz, Ahmet Sabuncu, Adem Şenünver, Arzu Funda Bağcigi̇l, Tülay Bakirel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of endotoxin in bitches with pyometra and to investigate the effects of preoperative supportive therapy on plasma endotoxin levels (LPS), the complete blood count, serum biochemistry parameters (alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, urea, and creatinine), clinical health status at the 12th, 24th, and 48th h following presentation, and to explore if they were correlated. Randomly allocated into 2 equivalent groups were 20 bitches with pyometra, aged from 3 to 16 years (mean 9.15 ± 3.65 years). After collection of the samples, bitches in ovariohysterectomy …

Thermography In The Assessment Of Equine Lameness, Mehmet Alper Çeti̇nkaya, Alper Demi̇rutku

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Infrared thermography pictorially represents the surface temperature of an object. It is a noninvasive method for detecting superficial inflammation and thus can be used in lameness diagnosis. Thermography is prone to artifacts, and, consequently, this has led some people to doubt its clinical applicability. With experience and care in interpretation, thermography can be a useful method for lameness evaluation. The aim of this study was to present further clinical information about infrared thermal cameras and to compare the diagnostic yields of thermography, radiography, and ultrasonography. Forming the animal material of this study were 47 horses with lameness. The extremities of …

Relations Between Electrical Conductivity, Somatic Cell Count, California Mastitis Test And Some Quality Parameters In The Diagnosis Of Subclinical Mastitis In Dairy Cows, Güven Kaşikçi, Ömer Çeti̇n, Enver Bariş Bi̇ngöl, Mehmet Can Gündüz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity (EC) method on the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows comparing with somatic cell count (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT), and also to investigate the effect of these values on the amount of total viable bacteria, density, freezing point, and mineral substances. A total of 386 milk samples collected from quarters of 188 cows at 10 different farms were used as materials. Of the samples, 258 (66.85%) were CMT (+), 85 (22.02%) were CMT (++), and 43 (11.13%) were CMT (+++). The mean EC and SCC …

Caesarean Operation In Two Farmed Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus), Si̇nem Özlem Engi̇nler, Mehmet Can Gündüz, Tuğba Seval Fatma Toydemi̇r, Meli̇h Uçmak, Güven Kaşikçi

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this case, a caesarean section was performed on 2 red deer aged 4 and 7 who underwent dystocia. When the deer were brought to our clinic, they had been in labour for 6 h and 1 day, respectively, and the calves were dead. The foetal forefeet were found hanging from the vulva at the general examination. Deer 1's parturition was human-assisted but the outcome was not good and it was decided to operate on the animal. In deer 2, parturition was taking too long and so it was decided to operate immediately. The deer were sedated and anaesthetised by …

Vaginal Prolapse Related To Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor In An Anatolian Shepherd., Deni̇z Nak, Ayli̇n Alasonyalilar Demi̇rer, Bi̇lgi̇ner Tuna, Yavuz Nak, Musa Özgür Özyi̇ği̇t

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 4-year old, primiparous, female Anatolian Shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of type II vaginal prolapse with alopecia of the left perineal skin. Hematological analyses demonstrated leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were 156 pg/mL and 2.3 ng/mL, respectively. The vaginal smear was predominantly (at least 80%) made up of anuclear superficial cells. An abdominal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous multicystic mass with anechoic areas adjacent to the caudal pole of the left kidney. An ovariohysterectomy was performed. Ten days after the surgery, the prolapsed vagina was completely regressed. A histopathological examination of the ovarian mass demonstrated …

Interfragmental Fixation Of Rostral Mandibular Fracture With Cerclage Wire In A Thoroughbred English Horse, Mehmet Alper Çeti̇nkaya, Alper Demi̇rutku

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The patient in this study was a 20-year-old thoroughbred gelding. After clinical and radiographical assessments, a bilateral rostral mandibular body fracture was determined. Fracture stabilization was achieved via a bilateral interfragmentary cerclage wire application. The horse started to use its jaw within 24 h of surgery. Postoperative radiographs were taken until month 6, at different periods, and fracture healing was evaluated. Fixation materials were left in place. Fracture healing occurred with a rostral part malocclusion. The purpose of this study was to give clinical information about mandibular fractures and treatment of these fractures in a horse.

Unusual Anal Atresia In A Lamb, Siavash Ahmadi Noorbakhsh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The first report of an unusual anal atresia with growth of ectodermal organs (wool and skin) in the shape of the intestine inside the body is provided here. During reconstructive surgery, a rectum-like structure was noted, in which wool strands grew densely. A hypothetical mechanism by which this structure formed is presented on the basis of local alterations in fetal tissue proliferation and rate of development.

Equine Grass Sickness In Cyprus: A Case Report, Kypros Protopapas, Kyriakos Alexandros Spanoudes, Nikolaos Diakakis, Georgia Brellou

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

No abstract provided.

Congenital Lymphoma Of B-Cell Lineage In A Newborn Calf, Enver Beytut, Burhan Özba

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this report, congenital lymphoma of B-cell lineage in a Brown Swiss calf is described. A large mass was seen on the head of the calf at birth. At necropsy, multiple masses were found on the skin and internal organs. A histopathological examination showed atypical lymphoid cells separated by connective tissue. None of the tumor cells showed a positive reaction to CD3, but the cells were immunopositive for CD79\alphacy. A CD45+ reaction confirmed a hematopoietic origin of the neoplasm. Tumor cells were also positive for lambda light chain IgG (\lambda IgG). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining showed diffuse nuclear …

A Retrospective Study Of Borrelia Burgdorferi Antibodies In Dogs In Minnesota, Aneela Durrani, Sagar Goyal

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to determine the seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in suspected dogs in Minnesota, the present study examines the database of the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of Minnesota over a 10 year period (2001-June 2010). A total of 1081 serum samples from dogs suspected of having borreliosis were submitted by 112 private veterinary clinics. The samples were tested using an indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Samples with titers of =>1:320 were considered positive. The rate of seroprevalence of antibodies was 88%. The increase in the rate of yearly seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs was …

The Hair Characteristics Of Turkish Angora And Van Cats, Serkan Erat, Şevket Arikan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The primary aim of this study was to determine the hair characteristics of Turkish Angora and Van cats, and also to see if there were seasonal, sex, age, or eye color effects on the traits measured. A total of 41 cats, 26 Turkish Angora and 15 Turkish Van, were used. The ages of the cats ranged from 1 to 8 years old. Analyzed traits included fiber diameter (FD), fiber lengths of hauteur (H) and barbe (B), fiber tenacity (T), and elongation (EL). Terms included in the statistical models were breed, season, sex, age, and eye colors of the cats and …

Immune System Dysfunction In Broiler Chickens Experimentally Inoculated With Fowl Adenovirus Serotype-4 Associated With Inclusion Body Hepatitis Hydropericardium Syndrome, Iftikhar Hussain, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood, Muhammad Imran Arshad, Masood Akhtar, Fazal Mahmood, Azhar Rafique

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (IBH-HPS) in broilers is caused by an adenovirus, here referred to as inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome virus (IBH-HPSV). This study describes the immune status of broiler chickens experimentally inoculated with an isolate of fowl adenovirus-4 serotype-1, involved in IBH-HPS in various trials. When compared with the unchallenged controls, IBH-HPSV-inoculated broilers had significantly higher atrophy of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) by up to 2-fold, as well as of the thymus (up to 9-fold) and spleen (up to 1.5-fold) (P < 0.05), with up to 60% mortality. Upon challenge with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), IBH-HPSV-inoculated birds had from 2- to 3-log lower anti-SRBC antibody titers than the control. Response to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was significantly reduced in IBH-HPSV-inoculated birds (P < 0.05) as compared to the control. Results of the studies revealed that the immune status of broilers is compromised significantly during IBH-HPSV infection in terms of lymphoid organ integrity, humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses, respectively. These findings suggest that immune dysfunction could be a contributing factor in the increased mortality of birds affected by IBH-HPS, which renders the birds immunosuppressed for the rest of their lives.

Probiotic Properties, Sensory Qualities, And Storage Stability Of Probiotic Banana Yogurts, Songül Çakmakçi, Bülent Çeti̇n, Tamer Turgut, Mustafa Gürses, Ahmet Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The quality properties of probiotic yogurt samples made with banana marmalade (BM), which can be a probiotic product, were examined. Yogurt samples were produced from cow milk inoculated with yogurt cultures and probiotic cultures (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and an equal mixture of the 2 strains), and then 15% BM was added to each yogurt sample. Acidity, pH, bacteria counts, and sensory analysis of the yogurt samples were investigated on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 during storage at 4 °C. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus, L. acidophilus, and B. bifidum counts generally decreased during the storage …

Assessing The Nutritive Value Of Fruit And Vegetable Residues As Ruminant Feed, Keyvan Karkoodi, Hassan Fazaeli, Sadegh Mirghaffari

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to assess the nutritive value of summer fruits and vegetable residues (FVR) as ruminant feed. Samples of FVR were collected from the central terminal of Karaj in different summer months and homogenized before being analyzed for chemical composition. In situ degradability was determined, as were in vitro and in vivo digestibility. The results of chemical composition analysis for a period of 3 months showed significant differences in terms of dry matter (DM), Pb, and Mn contents. The higher Mn content was more than the allowance level established for livestock feeding. Although the in vitro digestibility …

Survival And Growth Of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) Exposed To Different Water Ph Levels, Mohammad Saeed Heydarnejad

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to examine the survival and growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in water with different pH values. Carp (17.8 ± 1.21 cm; 52.14 ± 7.13 g) were transferred to 21 tanks previously adjusted with 7 different pH values: 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0. Each value had 3 replicates, and all experiments lasted for 21 days. The survival and growth of carp were assessed at days 7, 14, and 21. At the end of the 21 days, greater weight, length, survival, and biomass were found for pH values of …

Short Term Effects Of Genistein On The Testes Of Quail (Coturnix Coturnix), Meli̇ke Belkiz Erkan, Serap Eki̇nci̇

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Although there have been a number of studies on the effects of phytoestrogens, especially genistein, on testes, its effects on the testis tissue of birds have not been studied yet. The present study aims to reveal the effects of genistein on quail testes through the use of histological and immunohistochemical methods. In the study, a total of 64 male quails (Coturnix coturnix) were used, each of which was 50 days old. Three different doses of genistein were administered by gavage to the separate groups at intervals of 15 and 30 days. According to the results of the histological analysis and …

Effect Of A Simulate Show Jumping Competition On The Blood Gas Profile Of Horses Trained For Show Jumping, Francesco Fazio, Vanessa Messina, Stefania Casella, Claudia Giannetto, Simona Marafioti, Giuseppe Piccione

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in the blood gas profile of jumpers after warm up and after a show jumping competition. For this purpose, 10 Sella Italiana geldings, 7 years old and clinically healthy, were used. The horses were trained to take part in show jumping competitions. Blood samples were collected at rest, after the warm up, immediately after the exercise, and 45 min after the end of exercise. Standard bicarbonate concentration (SBC), hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO_3^-), total carbon dioxide (TCO_2), oxygen capacity (O_2Cap), oxygen content (O_2Ct), base excess of the blood (BE-b), base …