Animal Sciences Commons^™

Distillers Grains With Solubles And Ground Ear Corn In Feedlot Diets, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

In a 162-day finishing study, steers were fed various levels of dried distillers grains with solubles (DGS) with ground ear corn harvested at 45% moisture, and compared with steers fed 25% DGS, rolled corn, and corn silage. Steers fed the highest level of DGS (37.5% of diet DM) with ground high-moisture ear corn had the lowest ADG and DMI, but F:G tended to be improved by feeding 25% and 37.5% DGS with ear corn as compared with feeding rolled corn plus corn silage. Feed cost of gain (COG) and total COG was most favorable (4.4% lower than control) for cattle …

Meta-Analysis Of The Effect Of Dietary Sulfur On Feedlot Health, Cody A. Nichols, Virgil R. Bremer, Andrea K. Watson Watson, Crystal D. Buckner, Jana L. Harding, David R. Smith, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A meta-analysis of University of Nebraska– Lincoln finishing trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary sulfur on feedlot health. An interactionbetween level of dietary sulfur and forage NDF (P = 0.07) affected the incidence of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) cases. For a given level of dietarysulfur the relative risk for PEM decreasedas forage NDF increased. Rumen degradable sulfur (RDS) was estimated for feedstuffs fed to cattle includedin the analysis. As level of RDS increased in the diet, the incidence of PEM increased (P < 0.01). Rumen degradable sulfur is a better measure of PEM risk because it accounts for the dietarysulfur that contributes to hydrogen sulfide production.

Complete-Feed Diet Ramp™ In Grain Adaptation Programs, Cody J. Schneider, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Kelsey M. Rolfe Rolfe, William A. Griffin, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cattle were adapted to a common finishing diet over 22 days by decreasing RAMP (100 to 0%) and increasing finisher (0 to 100%) either as a blend in a traditional grain adaptation system or a two-ration program. The control treatment decreased alfalfa hay inclusion (45 to 7.5%) while corn inclusion increased. Steers adapted using RAMP were more efficient than traditionally adapted cattle. Using RAMP as an ingredient improved ADG compared to the traditional grain adaptation program.

Use Of Complete-Feed Diets Ramp™ And Test Starter For Receiving Cattle, Cody J. Schneider, Brandon J. Nuttelman, Kelsey M. Rolfe Rolfe, William A. Griffin, David R. Smith, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Performance of newly arrived 576 lb steer calves, fed two complete feeds or a control ration was evaluated. Treatment diets were fed for 30 or 31 days and includeda control receiving diet consisting of alfalfa hay, Sweet Bran^® , dry-rolled corn, and supplement or one of two complete feeds: RAMP and Test Starter which contained a high level of Sweet Bran and a minimal amount of forage. RAMP increased ADG when compared with the control diet. Cattle fed Test Starter had similar performance to the control receiving diet.

Feeding Modified Distillers Grains With Solubles And Wet Corn Gluten Feed (Synergy) To Adapt Cattle To Finishing Diets, Marco G. Dib, Jhones O. Sarturi, Kelsey M. Rolfe Rolfe, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Ron Lindquist

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An experiment with 236 steers and eight pens per treatment (14 or 15 steers/pen) evaluated two grain adaptation treatments. Treatments included adapting steers by decreasing alfalfa (CON) or decreasing a combination of distillers grains and corn gluten feed (SYNERGY) followed by feeding a common finishing diet to slaughter. Performance and carcass traits did not differ between adaptation systems. A combination of MDGS and SYNERGY can be used to adapt beef cattle to feedlot diets with efficacy of the traditional, foragebased method.

Using Beet Pulp To Adapt Cattle To Finishing Diets, Cody J. Schneider, Matt K. Luebbe, Karla H. Jenkins Jenkins, Stephanie A. Furman, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cattle were adapted to a common finishing diet over 21 days by traditional adaption, reducing alfalfa hay inclusion (46 to 6%) or beet pulp (BP) adaption programs. A low beet pulp treatment (BP decreased from 18 to 6% and alfalfa hay from 34 to 6%) and a high BP treatment in which both BP and alfalfa hay were decreased from 26 to 6% were compared. Adapting cattle with high BP tended to decrease DMI during the adaption period. Both BP adaption programs increased ADG over the entire feeding period. Replacing up to 50% of alfalfa hay with BP during grain …

Effect On Performance And Nutrient Mass Balance Of Feeding Micro-Aid In Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Diets, Annie J. Doerr, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin Griffin, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Joshua R. Benton, Mike J. Rincker

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Finishing cattle performance and mass balance were evaluated when Micro- Aid^® was fed in diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). There was no difference in performance and carcass characteristics between treatments. In a WINTER experiment, cattle fed Micro-Aid had a greater amount of OM and DM removedin manure. Micro-Aid in the diet increased the amount of manure N and decreased N losses in the WINTER. There was no difference in N excreted in manure or lost via volatilization in the SUMMER experiment.

Feedlot Manure Utilization As Influenced By Application Scheme And Diet, Andrea K. Watson, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein Klopfenstein, Richard K. Koelsch, Raymond E. Massey, Joseph H. Harrison

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The BFNMP$ program was utilized to study effects of dietary nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and N volatilization on economics of manure utilization. Feeding high CP (18.7%) and P (0.5%) diets increased manure net value $6.92/ head compared to manure with a traditional diet (13.3% CP and 0.3% P) being fed. Spreading this manure on a four-year P basis is economical and environmentally friendly.

Chemical Treatment Of Low-Quality Forages To Replace Corn In Cattle Finishing Diets, Adam L. Shreck, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin Griffin, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Michael J. Cecava

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A finishing experiment evaluated substitution of corn with crop residues in diets containing wet distillers grains. Corn stover, corn cobs, and wheat straw were alkaline treated at 50% moisture or fed without chemical treatment at 20% inclusion. Chemical treatment improved performance compared to untreated. Compared to control (10% roughage), treated diets had similar performance and carcass merit. Economic analysis revealed $6.46, $21.42, and $36.30 average profit per head advantage for diets containing treated residues relative to control when corn was priced at $3.00, $4.50, and $6.00 per bushel. Feeding chemically treated crop residues and wet distillers grains is a cost-effective …

Reducing Particle Size Enhances Chemical Treatment In Finishing Diets, Adam L. Shreck, Brandon L. Nuttelman, William A. Griffin Griffin, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Michael J. Cecava

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three hundred-sixty calf-fed steers were fed either treated or untreated corn stover that was previously ground through a 1-in or 3–in screen. Treated stover diets improved ADG and F:G compared to untreated. Reducing particle size improved ADG and F:G but did not influence DMI. Compared to a control diet with 5% roughage and 15 percentage units more corn, diets with 20% treated corn stover had similar F:G, ADG, DMI, and carcass quality. Up to 15% additional corn can be replaced with treated corn stover when diets contain wet distillers grains, and may be further enhanced by reducing particle size before …

Factors Influencing Profitability Of Calf-Fed Steers Harvested At Optimum Endpoint, Mallorie F. Wilken, Adam L. Shreck, Larry L. Berger Berger

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Four years of data from calf-fed steers were utilized in determining factors that affect profitability of cattle marketed at an optimum endpoint. Profitability was evaluated on a live weight basis assuming $112/cwt selling price and $180/cwt dressed price. Profit was compared as corn price and Choice-Select spread increased. Overall, carcass weight was the dominant factor in determining profitability. However, at $7 corn, feed efficiency had the most influence on profit. As expected, yield grade decreased and marbling score increased in importance as Choice- Select spread increased. Under these scenarios, profitability was greatly affected by hot carcass weight, with efficiency being …

Impact Of Sorting Prior To Feeding Zilpaterol Hydrochloride On Feedlot Steers, Erin M. Hussey, Galen E. Erickson, Brandon L. Nuttelman Nuttelman, William A. Griffin, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crossbred yearling steers (n = 1000; 755 ± 23 lb) were utilized to evaluate effects of sorting and feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax^®) on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and economics. Treatments were: unsorted negative control (–CON); unsorted Zilmax fed positive control (+CON); and three treatments where the heaviest 20% of steers within the pen were identified at beginning (EARLY), 100 days from harvest (MIDDLE), or 50 days from harvest (LATE) and marketed 28 days earlier. Dry matter intake was not different. Gain and G:F were improved by feeding Zilmax. Carcasses from the +CON and steers sorted EARLY, MIDDLE, and …

Condensed Distillers Solubles And Beef Shelf Life, Kimberley A. Varnold, Chris R. Calkins, Asia L. Haack Haack, Jerilyn E. Hergenreder, Siroj Pokharel, Lasika S. Senaratne, Anna C. Pesta, Galen E. Erickson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Condensed distillers solubles were fed to cattle at 0, 9, 18, 27, or 36% inclusion. There were no effects on objective steak color, subjective discoloration, Warner-Bratzler shear force, moisture content, fat content, or oxidation values. Diet did not affect polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in meat, but the control diet had higher total unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids than all other treatments. Feeding condensed distillers solubles to cattle has no detrimental effects on shelf life.

Effects Of Antioxidants On Beef In Low And High Oxygen Packages, Spencer W. Bolte, Lasika S. Senaratne-Lenagala, Chris R. Calkins Calkins, Siroj Pokharel, Kimberley A. Varnold

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Color, lipid, and protein stability of beef strip loin steak treated with different antioxidants (tocopherol, tertiary butyl hydroquinone, rosemary, or combinations of two of the antioxidants) and packaged in low oxygen (2-5% O₂) or high oxygen (80% O₂) modified atmosphere packages were studied. The application of tertiary butyl hydroquinone on steaks prior packaging (either in low- or high-oxygen modified atmosphere packages) was significantly effective in minimizing color and lipid oxidation during retail display. Under modified atmosphere packaging (lowor high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging), oxidation of myoglobin color pigments and lipids were unrelated to beef tenderness.

Dietary Antioxidants And Beef Tenderness During Retail Display In High O2, Lasika S. Senaratne-Lenagala, Chris R. Calkins, Siroj Pokharel Pokharel, Amilton S. De Mello Jr., Martin A. Andersen, Stephanie A. Furman

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Aged (8 and 29 days) strip loins, from cross-bred steers fed dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets containing 0 or 30% wet distillers grains with a synthetic antioxidant blend (AGRADO®PLUS) were packaged in high oxygen modified atmosphere packages (80% O₂:20% CO₂) and studied for decreased tenderness compared to steaks packaged in oxygen-permeable film during retail display. Steaks aged longer and packaged in high oxygen modified atmosphere packages decreased in tenderness, likely due to increased protein oxidation (more carbonyls and less free thiols), during retail display. Feeding AGRADO PLUS tended to decrease tenderness and increased protein oxidation during retail …

Subprimal Freezing And Thawing Rates Affect Beef At Retail, Justine J. Hosch, Jerilyn E. Hergenreder, Kim A. Varnold Varnold, Asia L. Haack, Lasika S. Senaratne, Siroj Pokharel, Chris R. Calkins, Catie Beauchamp, Brandon Lobaugh

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Ribeye, strip loin and top sirloin butt subprimals were either fast or slow frozen and then fast or slow thawed. Steaks were cut, placed in retail display for 8 days, and compared to fresh-never-frozen product for retail color and purge loss. Thaw purge loss was higher for slow thawed subprimals, with fast thawed product having the greatest purge loss during display. Overall, total purge loss was roughly 2-5% higher for all slow thawed products. Color data indicated frozen-thawed beef subprimals are comparable to fresh-never-frozen subprimals in color stability during day 1-4 of retail display. Total purge loss was increased for …

2012 Nebraska Beef Cattle Report (Complete)

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Cow/Calf

Supplementing Gestating Beef Cows Grazing Cornstalk Residues

Effect of Corn Stalk Grazing and Baling on Cattle Performance and Irrigation Needs

Nutritive Value and Amount of Corn Plant Parts

Wheat Straw, Distillers Grains, and Beet Pulp for Late Gestation Beef Cows

Influence of Weaning Date and Pre-partum Nutrition on Cow-Calf Productivity

Effect of Calving Period on Heifer Progeny

Evaluating Conventional and Sexed Semen in a Commercial Beef Heifer Program

Late Gestation Supplementation Impacts Primiparous Beef Heifers and Progeny

Nutritional Regime and Antral Follicle Count Impact Reproductive Characteristics in Heifers

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A(VEGFA) in Ovulatory Follicles

Oocyte mRNA and …

Effects Of Ramp™ On Feed Intake And Ruminal Ph During Adaptation To Finishing Diets, Cody J. Schneider, Adam L. Shreck, Galen E. Erickson Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A metabolism trial was conducted using an adaption strategy where RAMP inclusion was decreased (100 to 0%) while increasing inclusion of the finishing ration (0 to 100%) was compared to a traditional adaption (Control) where alfalfa hay inclusion was decreased (45 to 7.5%) while increasing corn. Adapting cattle with RAMP increased DMI, had no effect on average pH, pH variance, or magnitude of change compared to Control. Grain adaption with RAMP is a viable alternative to traditional grain adaptation.

Effects Of Feeding Modified Distillers Grains Plus Solubles On Marbling Attributes, Proximate Composition And Fatty Acid Profile Of Beef, A.S. Mello Jr., B.E. Jenschke, Lasika S. Senaratne, Timothy P. Carr, Galen E. Erickson, Chris R. Calkins

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Wet distillers grains contain approximately 65% moisture. A partially dried product (modified distillers grains plus solubles; MDGS) contains about 50% moisture. However, both have similar nutrient composition on a dry matter basis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of finishing diets varying in concentration of MDGS on marbling attributes, proximate composition, and fatty acid profile of beef. Yearling steers (n = 268) were randomly allotted to 36 pens which were assigned randomly to 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50% MDGS (DM basis) and fed for 176 d prior harvest. Forty-eight h postmortem marbling score, …

Magnitude And Structure Of Lymantria Dispar Asiatica Infestations Of Common Forest Steppe Tree Species In Northern Mongolia, Nina Tiralla, Kai Füldner, Stefan Schütz

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Lymantria dispar L. is one of the most serious forest pests worldwide by infesting large forest areas involving massive tree dieback. Unlike outbreaks of Lymantria dispar L. in Germany that cause massive defoliation, observations of outbreaks of Lymantria dispar asiatica made in the research area Khonin Nuga, West Khentii, Mongolia during the past six years showed only punctual defoliation, and dieback was extremely scarce. However, information on the performance of Lymantria dispar asiatica and the corresponding reaction of host tree species in Khonin Nuga is rare. Therefore, this study concentrates on the examination of primarily affected tree species and the …

Bird Red List And Its Future Development In Mongolia, Sundev Gombobaatar, D. Samiya, Jonathan M. Baillie

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

With the involvement of the World Bank, Zoological Society of London, Dutch Government and National University of Mongolia, the volumes of Mongolian Red Lists of Fish, Amphibians and Reptiles, Birds and Mammals were completed, and Mongolia is now among the few nations that have up-to-date conservation assessments for all vertebrates. Of the 476 assessed native bird species of Mongolia, 10% were categorized as regionally threatened including Near Threatened. A further 0.6% were categorized as Critically Endangered (CR), 1.7% as Endangered (EN), 3.3% as Vulnerable (VU), and 4.4% as Near Threatened (NT). Almost 90% of Mongolian birds are categorized as Least …

Morphological Disparity Among Rock Voles Of The Genus Alticola From Mongolia, Kazakhstan And Russia (Rodentia, Cricetidae), V. N. Bolshakov, I. A. Vasilyeva, A. G. Vasilyev

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The Central Asian high-mountain or rock voles of the genus Alticola Blanford, 1881 are one of the least studied groups of rodents. Taxonomic status of various geographic forms is not yet established until our days. This genus is not enough examined by biochemical and molecular genetic methods. We analyzed morphological disparity among rock voles of the genus Alticola from 8 localities. The samples studied represent 7 nominal species: A. semicanus Allen, 1924 (East Mongolia), Alticola argentatus Severtzov, 1879 (East Kazakhstan), A. tuvinicus Ognev, 1950 (Russia: Tuva), A. olchonensis Litvinov, 1960 (Russia: Olchon Island), A. macrotis Radde, 1861 (Russia: Khamar-Daban ridge), …

Long-Term Research On Biodiversity In West Khentey, Northern Mongolia, Michael Mühlenberg

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Biodiversity is studied at ecosystem, community, and species level around Khonin Nuga, where the University Goettingen supports a research station since 15 years (established 1997 in cooperation with the National University of Mongolia). In that period 39 scientists have been involved and 67 students graduated with theses (7 PhD) about field work at that station. Inventories started at 1998 for several taxa and are now compiled in a book, which will be printed 2012 in Ulaanbaatar. It covers fungi, lichens, plants, several insect groups, spiders, crustaceans, and all vertebrate classes. For all taxa adequate experts proved the species lists. Because …

Nestling Food In The Desert Wheatear Oenanthe Deserti In The Dzungarian Gobi, Mongolia, Ueli Rehsteiner

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The quality and size of nestling food of the Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti ssp. atrogularis were investigated in the spring of 2001 in the Dzungarian Gobi in Mongolia. Data are based on observations of nine pairs. Nestling food consisted of several taxa caught on the ground and in the air. Diptera, Coleoptera larvae, and Hymenoptera were the most frequent prey, that is, they contributed 17 to 30% of all food items each. The food composition changed with nestling age and season.

Food item size decreased with date. A higher proportion of multiple prey loadings were brought to nestlings in the …

Protection Of The Natural And Cultural Heritage Of The Mongolian Altai, Ulikpan Beket, Hans D. Knapp

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The Altai-Sayan Ecoregion is known as a hotspot of biodiversity with large wilderness landscapes and a high rate of endemism in Central Asia and Siberia. There are many large and important protected areas of different categories. Parts of the Russian Altai, the “Golden Mountains of Altai”, are inscribed as World Natural Heritage. Also the neighbouring countries contain pristine landscapes, which could be a potential for an extension to a transnational serial World Heritage Site.

The Mongolian part of the ecoregion is characterized by very diverse landscapes and vegetation complexes: Deserts, semi-deserts and desert steppes in arid basins, river floodplains, salt …

On The Importance Of Pollen Morphology In Classification Of Chenopodiaceae In Mongolia, Gaadan Punsalpaamuu, Frank Schluetz, Tserendorj Gegeensuvd, Davaadorj Saindovdon

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

The pollen morphology of 18 species from 12 genera of Chenopodiaceae native to Mongolia was studied. Plants were collected during field courses and research projects on useful plants and are deposited in the Herbarium of the Mongolian State University of Education. Chemical preparation was carried out in the Palynological Laboratories at the School of Natural Sciences of the Mongolian State University of Education and the Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics of the University of Göttingen in Germany. The results show, that all investigated species are distinguishable in terms of pollen morphology bases on their pollen grain sizes, exine thickness …

Home Range Characteristics Of Corsac And Red Foxes In Mongolia, Tserendorjiin Munkhzul, J. D. Murdoch, R. P. Reading

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Red (Vulpes vulpes) and corsac foxes (V. corsac) live sympatrically throughout most of Mongolia, but few details of their home range characteristics exist. We captured and radio-tagged 13 red fox (♂ = 5, ♀ = 8) and 15 corsac foxes (♂ = 8, ♀ = 7) between 2004 and 2008. We tracked their movements to estimate home range sizes and examined the effects of four factors on home range size, including sex, age, season, and year. We determined mean home range size for 12 red and 10 corsac foxes that had sufficient data using fixed kernel …

Pleistocene Faunal Fossils From Bayangol I Site, Bulgan Aimag, Mongolia, Takao Sato, Fedora Khenzykhenova, Toshiaki Tsurumaru, Masao Ambiru, Jun Takakura, Yoshiaki Otsuka, Shigeo Iida, Natalya Schepina, Batmunkh Tsogtbaatar

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

During excavation of the Bayan-gol I Palaeolithic site in the Bulgan Aimak, Mongolia, some faunistic remains were recovered attributable to Aves (two species), Anura (two species), and mammals (three species). The fossil remains bear a considerable similarity to the corresponding species of today in Mongolia.

Ochotona Daurica Pallas, 1776: Modern And Past Distribution Area In Mongolia And The Transbaikal Region, M. A. Erbjeva, N. V. Alexeeva, T. V. Kisloschaeva

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Ochotona daurica Pallas, 1776 is one of the ancient species among modern taxa having an origination in Transbaikalia possible at the end of Pleistocene. Review on the Late Pleistocene- Holocene-Recent area of distribution of this species is given on the base of new evidences and detail analysis of the previous data.

Ecology And Behaviour Of The Black-Billed Capercaillie (Tetrao Urogalloides Stegmanni) In The Khentej Mountains, Mongolia, Siegfried Klaus, Karl-Heniz Schindlatz, Alexander V. Andreev, Hans-Heiner Bergmann

Erforschung biologischer Ressourcen der Mongolei / Exploration into the Biological Resources of Mongolia, ISSN 0440-1298

Introduction

A common inhabitant of East Siberian larch forests, the Siberian or black-billed capercaillie (Tetrao urogalloides) ranges south to the limits of the boreal forests in the northern Mongolian mountains and east to the very coast of the Asian continent (KLAUS et al. 1989). Tetrao urogalloides MIDDENDORF (1851) has priority over T. parvirostris BONAPARTE (1856). Therefore, we prefer the T. urogalloides.

The subspecies T.u. stegmanni was first described on the basis of morphological differences by POTAPOV (1985) using specimens collected during Russian expeditions by KOZLOVA (1930). This description was based on 18 males in the collection at …