Animal Sciences Commons^™

Comparative Pharmacokinetics And Pk/Pd Parameters Of Five Aminoglycosides In Goats, Toncho Dinev, Valentina Urumova, Mihni Lyutskanov, Lubomir Lashev

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and apramycin were investigated after single intravenous administration in goats. their antimicrobial activity against 30 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from goats was also studied. On the base of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, a comparison between antibiotics was made. All 5 antibiotics showed a marked high in vitro antibacterial activity. The lowest MIC_{90} values were those of amikacin and the highest one was of kanamycin. The ratios of Cmax/MIC showed that amikacin has an advantage of providing the highest values of the concentration/MIC_{90} ratio, as well of the time providing bactericidal levels, …

Estimates Of (Co) Variance Components For Direct And Maternal Effects On Birth Weight Of Karacabey Merino Lambs, Mehmet Koyuncu, Serdar Duru

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the present study was to estimate (co) variance components for birth weights of Karacabey Merino lambs. The model fitted included direct genetic, maternal genetic, and direct-maternal genetic covariance and maternal permanent environmental effects. Data and pedigree information of the Karacabey Merino sheep used in this study were collected at the Marmara Animal Breeding Research Institute from 1998 to 2002. Variance components for birth weights were estimated by the MTDFREML. A direct heritability estimate of 0.08 and a maternal heritability estimate of 0.05 were obtained for birth weight. The maternal permanent environmental effect was significant. The estimate of …

Melatonin Administration Increases Antioxidant Enzymes Activities And Reduces Lipid Peroxidation In The Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum) Erythrocytes, İlhami̇ Gülçi̇n, Şükrü Beydemi̇r, Olcay Hi̇sar, Ekrem Köksal, Russel J. Reiter

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Effects of melatonin on the levels of antioxidant enzymes including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GRd), and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, in erythrocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. The results showed that melatonin statistically activated the CAT, POD, and GRd activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly decreased as a result of melatonin treatment (P < 0.01).

Influence Of Cyclosporine A And Quercetine On Mic Values Of Danofloxacin Mesylate In Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Poultry, Nikolina Velizarova Rusenova, Aneliya Milanova Haritova, Parvan Rusenov Parvanov

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, sensitive and resistant strains of E. coli, isolated from chickens with colibacillosis were tested. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of modulators of ABC efflux transporters in eukaryotic cells cyclosporine A and quercetine on MIC values of danofloxacin mesylate. MIC values of danofloxacine mesylate against the chosen strains were determined with or without modulators at concentrations of 25 \mu M, 5 \mu M, 1 \mu M, and 0.2 \mu M by macro broth dilution method. Results show that in the presence of cyclosporine A, MIC values decreased from …

Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism In Intron I Of The Chicken Apovldl-Ii Gene, And Its Relationship With Triglyceride And Very Low Density Lipoprotein Concentrations, Hassan Hussein Musa, Guo H. Chen, Jin H. Cheng, Wen B. Bao, Adam H. Suleiman

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Genetically fat and lean chickens reared identically in the same environment were used to investigate the effect of the apoVLDL-II gene (intron I) on total cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein concentrations. The overall allele frequency in the 2 populations was 0.59 for allele A and 0.41 for allele B. The allele frequency in the Rugao breed was 0.52 for allele A and 0.48 for allele B; however, in the Anka breed it was 0.65 for allele A and 0.35 for allele B. The apoVLDL-II genotype in the genetically fat Anka breed was associated with a significant increase in serum triacylglyceride concentration …

Identification Of Different Protozoa Species From A Common Buzzard (Buteo Buteo), Özlem Özmen, Mehmet Haligür, Ramazan Adanir

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

An adult, female common buzzard (Buteo buteo) with paraplegia due to shooting wound on the sacral region was diagnosed with Leucocytozoon toddi, Haemoproteus elani, and Histomonas meleagridis. This is the first report of simultaneous naturally occurring Leucocytozoon toddi, Haemoproteus elani, and Histomonas meleagridis identification in a buzzard.

Growth Response Of Yearling Buffalo Male Calves To Different Dietary Energy Levels, Homayoun Mahmoudzadeh, Hassan Fazaeli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

To evaluate different levels of energy for optimum growth in Iranian regional buffalo male calves, a completely randomized study was conducted, using 27 yearling buffalo male calves with initial live weight of 201 ± 14 kg. Three diets were formulated to provide 90%, 100%, and 110% energy level requirements equivalent to those of steers derived from NRC beef cattle recommendations and they were fed ad libitum for 2 consecutive 90 day trial periods where the crude protein was 11.2% in the first and 10.22% in the second period. Dry matter intake of the high energy diets was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those with lower energy contents in both periods. At both stages, daily gain was higher (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio improved when the animals received NRC recommended energy diets. There were no significant differences between treatments for the carcass traits with exception of abdominal fat, which was significantly affected by the energy levels (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that the optimum growth rate of buffalo male calves may be obtained by providing the NRC beef cattle standard dietary metabolizable energy from yearling to 18 months of age.

Characterisation Of Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Bovine Mastitis Using Protein And Plasmid Patterns, Emi̇ne Arslan, Ayten Çelebi̇, Leyla Açik, Uçkun Sai̇t Uçan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this work was to study the protein patterns, plasmid profiles, and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus aureus isolates originating from mastitic mammary glands of dairy cattle in different parts of Konya province. A total of 114 Staphylococcus species were isolated and identified by conventional bacteriological methods from bovine mastitis. Of the total isolates 77 were identified as S. aureus and 37 as S. intermedius. Intra- and inter-species diversities in the coagulase-positive staphylococci were investigated by analysis of whole-cell protein profiles using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Plasmid profiling also demonstrated that 75 S. aureus …

Determination Of Diastolic Dysfunction By Conventional And Doppler Tissue Echocardiography In Dogs, Murat Ki̇bar, Mato Markovic, Ursula S. Kolm, Johann Thalhammer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and the diagnostic value of conventional Doppler parameters of transmitral inflows and Doppler tissue echocardiography parameters of septal annulus motion for the assessment of diastolic dysfunction in dogs with cardiac failure. The LV diastolic mitral flow patterns were divided into normal diastolic flow pattern (group 1), delayed relaxation pattern (group 2), pseudonormal flow pattern (group 3), and restrictive pattern (group 4). In our study population, 17 patients had normal mitral inflow variables (E/A ratio > 1 and Dt < 109 m). The other 7 patients were classified as having abnormal mitral inflow pattern (E' > 8 cm/s, E'/A' > 1). In conclusion, the combination of Doppler tissue echocardiography of …

Phenotypic Characterisation Of Enterococcus Spp. From Femoral Head Necrosis Lesions Of Chickens, Nevi̇n Oktay, Seran Temelli̇, K. Tayfun Çarli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Two types of Enterococcus species were isolated from femoral head necrosis lesions of chickens. A total of 150 femoral articular tissues, of which 121 were from commercial broilers, 18 from broiler breeders, and 11 from layer breeders, were sampled. Out of 48 Enterococcus isolates of these clinical samples, 37 and 11 isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, respectively. Additionally, 42 (28%) Escherichia coli and 33 (22%) Staphylococcus aureus isolates were obtained either alone or together with 1 of the 2 Enterococcus species from the same clinical samples, while no bacteria were detected from the remaining 56 samples. …

Seasonal Variation Of Hysterothylacium Aduncum (Nematoda: Raphidascarididae) Infestation In Sparid Fishes In The Northeast Mediterranean Sea, Mustafa Kalay, Ahmet Erdem Dönmez, Cafer Erki̇n Koyuncu, Ercüment Genç, Güzi̇n Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The presence of a Raphidascarid parasitic nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) in the sparid fish Sparus aurata and Diplodus vulgaris was investigated in this study. A total of 471 individuals (208 Sparus aurata and 263 Diplodus vulgaris) collected for this purpose from the Gulf of Mersin between May 2003 and April 2004 were examined. Seasonal variation in the intensity (MI: mean ± SD) and prevalence (P: %) of the parasite were also determined and the highest P and MI values were found in June 2003 (3.5 ± 0.71 and 8.70%) for S. aurata and March 2004 (4.0 ± 0 and …

Mitochondrial Phylogeography Illuminates The Origin Of The Extinct Caspian Tiger And Its Relationship To The Amur Tiger, Carlos A. Driscoll, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Gila Kahila Bar-Gal, Alfred L. Roca, Shu-Jin Luo, David W. Macdonald, Stephen J. O'Brien

Biology Faculty Articles

The Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata) flourished in Central Asian riverine forest systems in a range disjunct from that of other tigers, but was driven to extinction in 1970 prior to a modern molecular evaluation. For over a century naturalists puzzled over the taxonomic validity, placement, and biogeographic origin of this enigmatic animal. Using ancient-DNA (aDNA) methodology, we generated composite mtDNA haplotypes from twenty wild Caspian tigers from throughout their historic range sampled from museum collections. We found that Caspian tigers carry a major mtDNA haplotype differing by only a single nucleotide from the monomorphic haplotype found across …

State Of The River Report For The Lower St. Johns River Basin, Florida: Water Quality, Fisheries, Aquatic Life, And Contaminants 2009, Environmental Protection Board, City Of Jacksonville, University Of North Florida, Jacksonville University

State of the River Report

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Rotational Or Continuous Stocking Method Of Winter Pasture On Beef Heifer Performance, David G. Skeans

LSU Master's Theses

Considerable research has been conducted comparing the effect of continuous and some form of rotational stocking method on animal and forage performance, but most research utilizes put-and-take stocking rates. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of 12-paddock rotational stocking method (ROT) or continuous stocking method (CONT) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pastures on beef heifer and forage performance while maintaining a continuous stocking rate of 3.7 heifers/ha. Two experiments were conducted and analyzed separately due to confounding year and location. Heifer ADG and WG/ha tended to be increased by ROT compared …

A Mineral Survey Of Louisiana Beef Cow/Calf Production Systems, Kyle Austin Guidry

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose of this research was to determine the state and regional mineral status of Louisiana forages and beef cattle. Louisiana beef cattle operations (n = 25) were sampled and divided into seven geographical regions, including the northwest (NW), northeast (NE), central (CE), southwest (SW), south central (SC), Florida parishes (FP) and southeast (SE) regions. Over a two year period, water and soil samples were collected from each operation annually, forage samples were collected quarterly in Aug to Sep, Nov to Dec, Feb to Mar and May to June and bovine serum samples were collected twice annually in the fall …

Dose Titration Of Sericea Lespedeza Leaf Meal On Haemonchus Contortus Infection In Crossbred Lambs, Dana Alicia Pollard

LSU Master's Theses

Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) parasitism is a problem for small ruminant producers. Haemonchus contortus is the most detrimental because of substantial economic losses. Over the past decades, chemical anthelmintics have been used to control GINs. Recently, GINs have developed resistance to most anthelmintics, and now reliance on anthelmintics is not possible. Alternative control methods are needed. Also, the use of fewer chemicals in agricultural products has called for alternative methods to be less synthetic and more organic. One promising alternative method is the feeding of condensed tannin (CT) containing forages as either fresh forage or dried products such as hay, ground …

Characterization Of The Common Eland (Taurotragus Oryx) Estrous Cycle, Parker M. Pennington

LSU Master's Theses

Three oryx species and nine of eighteen antelope species across three tribes are considered endangered by the IUCN. Though the common eland (Taurotragus oryx) is not endangered, it lends itself well to the adaption of domestic assisted reproductive techniques due to its large size and calm temperament (Hansen et al., 1985). For these techniques to be used efficiently however, the details of the estrous cycle need to be defined within this and other species. Previously, Nowak (1999) proposed the eland estrous cycle to be ~21 days. In addition to cycle length, specifics of the estrous cycle have yet to be …

Pulsed Electric Field Influences On Acid Tolerance, Bile Tolerance, Protease Activity And Growth Characteristics Of Lactobacillus Acidophilus La-K, Olga Antonina Cueva

LSU Master's Theses

Pulsed electric field processing represents a promising non-thermal technology which involves the application of pulses of high voltage (20-80 kV/cm) for less than one second to fluid foods placed between two electrodes. During the application of certain PEF conditions microbial inactivation occurs by causing a pore formation and destruction of the cell membranes. Lactobacillus acidophilus is an important probiotic bacterium used for the production of fermented dairy products. The objective of this study was to study the influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) on the growth characteristics, bile tolerance, acid tolerance, and protease activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K. Freshly thawed …

Determinants Of Fluid Milk Quality, Jose Luis Vargas

LSU Master's Theses

The objectives of this study were to provide an overview of fluid milk quality in the U.S., determine if there is a correlation between rapid and traditional tests, determine if results from different analyses correlate with a sensory analysis and to determine any correlation between any of the analyses done in this study. Whole and 2% milks were received from 17 dairy processing plants located in the west, midwest, and southern regions of the U.S in duplicates. Samples were pasteurized at the processing plants by HTST method (161-175oF for 15-25 seconds). For standard plate counts at day 0 no significant …

Effect Of Milk Replacer Composition On Growth And Rumen Development Of Neonatal Holstein Calves, Anthony Joseph Bridges

LSU Master's Theses

A study was conducted to determine effects of differing fat and protein levels in commercial milk replacers on the growth performance and rumen development of neonatal Holstein calves. Fifty-three calves (23 male; 30 female) were assigned to one of three dietary treatments which included 3 milk replacers (20/20; 25/15; 28/20) fed once per day at 10% of birth weight through weaning. Calves were offered a 20% CP calf starter and water free choice beginning on day 5. All calves were weaned on day 42. Body weights were measured at birth and weekly through weaning. Additionally, hip height, wither height, and …

Influences Of Supplementing A Mannan Oligosaccharide Containing Product To Pig Diets On Sow And Weanling Pig Performance, I-Fen Hung

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The objective of these studies was to evaluate the effect of supplying mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) to pig diets on both weanling pig and sow performances.

Nursery pigs challenged with LPS to stimulate an immune challenge had increased body temperature and respiratory rate as well as elevated serum cortisol and TNF-α concentration, MOS-supplemented pigs had a lower rectal temperature and respiratory rate which implied that MOS improves some aspect of the immune function of piglets.

MOS supplementation in sow diets during late gestation and lactation had no effect on litter size, but the piglets from MOS-fed sows were heavier at birth …

Performance Characteristics Of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels Of Fuel-Based Distllers Dried Grains With Solubles, T. W. Schaeffer, M. L. Brown, K. A. Rosentrater

Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications

A feeding trial was performed to investigate levels of corn-based Distillers Dried Grains with solubles (DDGS), a co-product of fuel ethanol manufacturing, used as a nutrient source for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three isocaloric (15.7±0.7 MJ kg^-1 dry matter), isonitrogenous (29.6±1.0% crude protein) experimental diets were formulated to contain 20, 30 and 40% DDGS; a commercial diet containing fishmeal was used as a reference diet. Glass aquaria (110 L) were stocked with Nile tilapia (mean weight = 6.7 g) with four replicates per diet. Weight gains, conversion ratios and hepatosomatic indices did not significantly differ between …

Effect Of Using Threadfin Shad As Forage For Channel Catfish Fed Daily Or Every Third Day, Bartholomew W. Green, Peter Perschbacher, Gerald Ludwig

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We evaluated whether stocking threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense as a forage fish in multiple-batch production ponds for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus could substitute for formulated feed when channel catfish were fed daily or every 3 d. A completely randomized design in a 232 factorial arrangement was used for the experiment, which was conducted in twelve 0.1-ha earthen ponds. Prespawn adult threadfin shad were stocked at 404 kg/ha in six of the ponds, whereas the remaining ponds received no threadfin shad. Channel catfish stockers (0.35 kg/fish) were stocked at 5,040 kg/ha, and fingerlings (28.2 g/fish) were stocked at 14,820 fish/ha. Channel …

Inducible Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Elicited By A Protein Cage Nanoparticle Enhances Protectionin Mice Against Diverse Respiratory Viruses, J. A. Wiley, L. E. Richert, S. D. Swain, A. Harmsen, Dale L. Barnard, T. D. Randall, M. Jutila, T. Douglas, C. Broomell, M. Young, A. Harmsen

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Destruction of the architectural and subsequently the functional integrity of the lung following pulmonary viral infections is attributable to both the extent of pathogen replication and to the host-generated inflammation associated with the recruitment of immune responses. The presence of antigenically disparate pulmonary viruses and the emergence of novel viruses assures the recurrence of lung damage with infection and resolution of each primary viral infection. Thus, there is a need to develop safe broad spectrum immunoprophylactic strategies capable of enhancing protective immune responses in the lung but which limits immune-mediated lung damage. The immunoprophylactic strategy described here utilizes a protein …

A Survey On Helminth Infections Of Equines In The Central Black Sea Region, Turkey, Şi̇nasi̇ Umur, Mustafa Açici

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of helminth species in horses, donkeys, and mules in the Central Black Sea region, between March 2004 and July 2005. For this purpose, 140 faecal samples were taken from horses (n = 83), donkeys (n = 31), and mules (n = 26) in Samsun, Sinop, Ordu, Amasya, and Tokat provinces. Infection rates were 91.57% (76 of 83) in horses, 96.77% (30 of 31) in donkeys, and 96.15% (25 of 26) in mules. The parasite species and their prevalence in examined animals were as follows: in horses Strongylidae spp. 77.10%, Parascaris equorum …

Concentration Of Metabolites And Behavior Of Live Weight In Llamas (Lama Glama) Fed With Natural Grass And Barley During Gestation, Postpartum, And New Born Phases In Turco, Department Of Oruro, Eduardo Ticona Benique

Theses and Dissertations

The llama, a potential socioeconomic resource in the Bolivian highlands, faces serious nutritional deficiencies during the gestational and postpartum stages that negatively affect production. This study was conducted at the Tika Huta Experimental Center in the Llachu community of the Oruro prefecture. Our objectives were to determine metabolite concentration in blood plasma as well as live weight performance of pregnant and postpartum female llamas. Adult and juvenile llamas were fed diets of either plain natural grass or natural grass combined with 0.4 kg of barley hay. In addition, we determined metabolite concentrations in blood plasma and live weight performance of …

Zoometric Measures In Llamas (Lama Glama) Of Rural Families In The T'Olar And Pajonal Natural Grazing Fields Of The Municipality Santiago De Machaca - Department Of La Paz, Eloy Tuco Cano

Theses and Dissertations

Llamas have provided, and continue to provide, fiber, meat, skins, fertilizer and transport for the Andean people. In addition, they are part of the traditional and religious culture of the Aymara and the Quechua. Both are currently unaware of the productive qualities of llamas, especially those related to meat production, which is the principle product responsible for generating greater income for farmers. For this reason, 554 llamas were evaluated from a total of 3,693 in 2005. The llamas came from T’olar and Pajonal grasslands in the Santiago de Machaca region of La Paz, Bolivia and represented males and females from …

Gathering Cows Using Virtual Fencing Methodologies, Dean M. Anderson, Marek Doniec, Carrick Detweiler, Iuliu Vesilescu, Daniela Rus, Barbara Nolen, Roy Libeau

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Free-ranging livestock are classically controlled by herders. Holding, moving, or gathering free-ranging cattle requires flexible husbandry practices for efficient and effective lowstress animal management. Behavioral theory and practical experience indicates cattle can be taught to respond to auditory cues. Preliminary research has demonstrated that cows can be gathered autonomously using recorded audio cues associated with manual gathering. However, efficient gathering requires movement in the proper direction. Therefore, we believe using audio cues administered from directional virtual fencing (DVF™) equipment can facilitate proper animal orientation and facilitate the gathering of animals with minimal human intervention. Results from applying directional audio cues …

A Serological Survey Of Infectious Disease In Yellowstone National Park’S Canid Community, Emily S. Almberg, L. David Mech, Douglas W. Smith, Jennifer W. Sheldon, Robert L. Crabtree

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Background: Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park (YNP) after a .70 year absence, and as part of recovery efforts, the population has been closely monitored. In 1999 and 2005, pup survival was significantly reduced, suggestive of disease outbreaks.

Methodology/Principal Findings: We analyzed sympatric wolf, coyote (Canis latrans), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) serologic data from YNP, spanning 1991–2007, to identify long-term patterns of pathogen exposure, identify associated risk factors, and examine evidence for disease-induced mortality among wolves for which there were survival data. We found high, constant exposure to canine …

Is Seagrass An Important Nursery Habitat For The Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus Argus, In Florida?, Donald C. Behringer, Mark J. Butler Iv, William Herrnkind, John H. Hunt, Charles A. Acosta, William C. Sharp

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) settle preferentially in macroalgal-covered hard-bottom habitat, but seagrass is more prevalent in Florida (United States) and the Caribbean, so even low settlement of lobsters within seagrass could contribute substantially to recruitment if post-settlement survival and growth were high. We tested the role of seagrass and hard-bottom habitats for P. argus recruitment in three ways. We first explored possible density-dependent regulation of early benthic juvenile lobster survival within cages deployed in seagrass and hard-bottom habitats. Second, we compared settlement and survival of P. argus in both habitats, by comparing the recovery of microwire-tagged early …