Animal Sciences Commons^™

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 8 2007, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Dust Emission From South Dakota Cattle Feedlots, Rick Weber

The Journal of Undergraduate Research

Dust and particle emissions (PM) from cattle feedlots is a concern for producers in order to maintain good relations with neighbors and also to comply with the EPA proposed PM_2.5 particulate emission rules. Dust at 2.5 microns, which cannot be seen by the naked eye, is a potential health hazard since it can be ingested into the lungs of humans. One of the proposed regulations of the Federal Clean Air Act is to apply the PM_2.5 standard to the agricultural sector. This research project examines the particulate matter dust emissions of various sizes in microns including 2.5, 10, …

In Utero And In Vitro Sex Ratio Of Bovine Embryos And Calves Originating From The Left And Right Ovaries, Darin Alan Hylan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

An asymmetric distribution of the sexes within the left and right uterine horns has been described in multiple polytocous, laboratory species. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the sex ratio (% male) of calves gestated in the left and right uterine horns, as well as the sex ratio of embryos originating from the left and right ovaries of cattle. In Experiment 1, the sex ratio of calves and fetuses gestated in the left and right uterine horns was investigated. The sex ratio of calves and fetuses gestated in the right uterine horn was significantly higher compared with the …

The First Host Record For Zeuxia Zejana Kolomiets, 1971 (Diptera: Tachinidae) From Turkey, Göksel Tozlu, Kenan Kara

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Zeuxia zejana Kolomiets (Diptera: Tachinidae) specimens were reared from the larvae of Agapanthia osmanlis Reiche et Saulcy (Col.: Cerambycidae) in Bayburt province (Kop Mountain Pass). Agapanthia osmanlis is the first known host for Zeuxia zejana in Turkey.

Landholder Information For The Safe Use And Management Of Strychnine For Emu Control, Renee Donovan, David Goodall

Biosecurity published reports

Farmnote 34/2003 - Guide to safe use of strychnine poison for emu control included.

Strychnine is a highly poisonous substance that is used in Western Australia for the control of Wild Dogs and Emus. Its use is restricted by law.

This manual outlines your roles and responsibilities in regard to Strychnine use for emu control. In particular this manual outlines the essential information you need to know in regard to:

• The legislative requirements for Strychnine control in Western Australia
• The properties and mode of action of Strychnine
• How to apply to have a strychnine emu baiting program carried out on …

Landholder Information For The Safe Use And Management Of Strychnine For Wild Dog Traps, Renee Donovan, David Goodall

Biosecurity published reports

Farmnote 33/2003 - Guide to the safe use of strychnine for jawed traps is included.

Strychnine is a highly poisonous substance that is used in Western Australia for the control of Wild Dogs and Emus. Its use is restricted by law.

This manual outlines your roles and responsibilities for using and managing Strychnine for Wild Dog control. In particular, this manual outlines the essential information you need to know in regard to:

• The legislative requirements for Strychnine control in Western Australia
• The properties and mode of action of Strychnine « How to lodge an application to use Strychnine
• How to …

Landholder Information For The Safe Use And Management Of 1080, Renee Donovan, David Goodall

Biosecurity published reports

This manual outlines your roles and responsibilities for using and managing 1080. In particular this manual outlines the essential information you need to know in regard to:

• The legislative requirements for 1080 control in Western Australia
• The properties and mode of action of 1080
• How to lodge an application to lay 1080 baits How to safely store and transport 1080
• The procedures and notification required to carry out a baiting proposal
• Personal safety, identifying signs of poisoning & effecting appropriate first aid treatment
• Your responsibilities for notifying DAFWA and the Police of any accidents or incidents
• Methods for evaluating the …

Northern Goshawk Nest Activity As An Indicator Of Habitat Quality On Three National Forests In Southern Utah, K. S. Marvel, R. L. Rodriguez, Landon R. Jones

Student Works

The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) has been a species of concern in the western United States since it was thought to be in decline in the 1970s. Loss of critical breeding and wintering habitat has contributed, in part, to this decline. In the U.S., the goshawk was listed in 1991 as a sensitive species for the Intermountain Region of the Forest Service. This region includes all National Forests in Utah. The goshawk also holds the status of a Management Indicator Species (MIS) on all six National Forests in Utah (USDA Forest Service 1999). The aim of the Forest Service was …

Variables Associated With Northern Goshawk Nesting On The Dixie National Forest, J. Jorgensen, R. L. Rodriguez, Landon R. Jones

Student Works

The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter genii/is) is a large forest raptor in the northern hemisphere that preys on small to medium-sized birds and mammals in mature forests (Squires and Reynolds 1997). Because forest structure and composition in the southwest have undergone significant change since pre-settlement times due to fire suppression, timber harvesting, livestock grazing, mining, and recreational use (Reynolds et al. 1992), the goshawk has been listed as a Forest Service sensitive species for Region 4, which includes the Dixie National Forest in Utah. This ranking dictates that for all actions on the Forest, effects to the species must be addressed. …

Dried Distillers Grains Substitute For Forage And Nitrogen On Pasture: N Dynamics And Use Efficiency, Matthew A. Greenquist, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Leonard Baleseng, Walter H. Schacht

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Animal performance and N dynamics of different grazing management and supplementation strategies in cattle production systems were evaluated on smooth bromegrass pastures in eastern Nebraska. Steers supplemented with dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) on non-fertilized smooth bromegrass pastures gained more (0.58 lb/d) than steers on fertilized and non-fertilized smooth bromegrass. Nitrogen retention per steer supplemented with DDGS was 38.5% greater than non supplemented steers on fertilized smooth bromegrass and non-supplemented steers on non-fertilized smooth bromegrass stocked at 69% of the rate on fertilized pastures. Fertilized and supplemented pastures were stocked at equal densities. Nitrogen use efficiency based on the …

Digestibility, Rumen Metabolism, And Site Of Digestion For Finishing Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains Or Corn Oil, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matt K. Luebbe, Grant Crawford, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Five ruminally and duodenally fistulated, Holstein steers were used in a 5X5 Latin square metabolism experiment to evaluate digestibility of wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) compared with corn fiber and corn oil in finishing diets. Treatments were a 40% WDGS diet, a composite of corn fiber and corn protein (COMP), COMP plus corn oil to equal the distillers diet (COMP+OIL), and dry-rolled corn control diets without (CON) or with corn oil (CON+OIL). Cattle fed WDGS had numerically lower rumen pH compared with cattle fed other treatments. Cattle fed the WDGS had greater propionate, lower acetate:propionate ratios, greater total tract …

Environmental Factors Affecting Water Intake In Steers Finishing In Feedlots, Rodrigo A. Arias, Terry L. Mader

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Simple and multiple regression analyses were executed using records of six experiments conducted from 1999 to 2006 at the University of Nebraska Northeast Research and Extension Center. The objective of the study was to obtain the best equation to predict water intake of feedlot steers under summer and winter weather conditions. The analysis permitted regression equations to be obtained for summer, winter and both seasons (overall model). From simple regression analysis, the best predictor of water intake was minimum temperature with r²= 0.61 in the overall model. Whereas, from multiple regression analysis the overall model with the best …

Effect Of Distillers Grains Composition And Level On Steers Consuming High-Quality Forage, Mark E. Corrigan, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist, Matt K. Luebbe, Kip Karges, Matt L. Gibson

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dried distillers grains (DDG) supplementation level and composition on growing steer performance and forage intake. Factors included DDG supplementation level (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 or 1.00% of BW), and DDG solubles level (0, 5.4, 14.5, 19.1, or 22.1% DM). Final BW improved, and forage intake decreased with increasing levels of DDG. An interaction between DDG supplementation level and solubles level was observed on ADG and F:G and was likely related to supplemental fat levels. Supplementation of forages with DDG improves performance while decreasing forage intake when fat levels are not too great.

Effect Of Sorting And Feeding Optaflexx On Performance And Economics Of Long Yearling Steers, William A. Griffin, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Galen E. Erickson, Dillon M. Feuz, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Matthew A. Greenquist

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A two-year experiment evaluated the effects of sorting long yearling steers by initial feedlot BW and supplementing 200 mg/steer of Optaflexx daily the last 28 days of the feeding period on ADG, F/G, carcass characteristics and profitability. Feedlot ADG, F/G, and profitability were not effected by sorting. However, sorted cattle exhibited increased fat thickness, increased ribeye area, and increased percentage of carcasses with a yield grade of four or higher. Supplementing Optaflexx the last 28 days of the feeding period had no effect on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, or profitability.

Off-Flavor Mitigation In Cow Steaks, Donald A. Moss, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Strip loins from fed (high energy diet for at least 60 days) and nonfed cows were treated with 1% water a solution containing one of four commercial bitter blockers to determine if off-flavors could be blocked. Neither trained nor consumer taste panels detected differences among the bitter blockers. Trained panelists frequently found metallic, sour, rancid, bloody, salty, and bitter flavors, with nonfed cow beef having more bloody, bitter, and burnt off-flavors. Consumers most frequently identified bloody, metallic and liver-like off-flavors in cow beef, but found no differences in frequency of off-flavor notes between fed and nonfed cow beef. Commercial bitter …

Effects Of Aging On Beef Chuck And Round Muscles Enhanced With Ammonium Hydroxide And Salt, Adam E. Hamling, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

This study was conducted to determine if aging alters the beneficial effects of enhancement with a 20% solution of water, ammonium hydroxide, and salt, on beef steaks. For all muscles (triceps brachii, biceps femoris, rectus femoris), steaks had lower shear force values when compared to non-pumped controls at every aging period (1, 7, 14 days). Also, enhanced steaks received more desirable evaluations for tenderness, juiciness, flavor, and overall acceptability at every aging period from consumer taste panels. These data indicate aging does not decrease the benefits of enhancement.

Ranking Beef Muscles For Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Trained Sensory Panel Ratings, Gary A. Sullivan, Chris R. Calkins

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Combining 60 years of published research, 40 different beef muscles were ranked by Warner-Bratzler shear force. Relative ranks for tenderness, juiciness and beef flavor ratings were also determined. The psoas major and infraspinatus are the two most tender. Sensory tenderness ratings correlated to shear force means (-0.85; p=0.001) where a desirable tenderness rating reflected a low shear force. These data help reconcile differences among various studies of beef tenderness and provide a weighted ranking for beef muscles, which will be useful when selecting muscles for value-added beef products.

Diurnal And Dietary Impacts On Purine Derivative Excretion From Spot Samples Of Urine, Grant I. Crawford, Kyle Vander Pol, James C. Macdonald, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

An individual feeding experiment was conducted to estimate diurnal and dietary impacts on microbial CP (MCP) production estimated from urinary purine derivative (PD) and creatinine excretion. Heifers were fed one of three diets formulated to produce differences in MCP production: an 85% steam-flaked corn-based diet (SFC); the SFC diet with 1.5% urea (UREA); or a corn milling byproduct-based diet (BYPROD). Spot samples of urine were collected at 0700 and 1700 hours. No urine collection time x dietary treatment interactions were present for any variable. Dry matter intake, ADG, and F:G were poorest with the SFC treatment. Urinary PD:creatinine (PD:C) ratio …

Chronic Exposure Of Ruminal Fluid Cultures To Treatments That Inhibit Methanogenesis, Eric J. Behlke, James M. Takacs, Stephen W. Ragsdale, Clayton Mcneff, Peter Newsome, Jess L. Miner

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Methanogenesis in ruminal cultures was inhibited by Yucca shidigera, 2-bromoethanesulfonate, and a nitrofuranyl para-aminobenzoic acid derivative. Only the nitrofuranyl para-aminobenzoic acid derivative remained effective beyond 10 days of culture indicating that this may be an effective treatment for chronically inhibiting methane production in cattle.

Inhibition Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Manipulates Follicles In Beef Females, Robert A. Cushman, Debra T. Clopton, Mark F. Allan, S. E. Echternkamp, Andrea S. Cupp

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is produced by cells surrounding the egg in the follicle. If VEGF is inhibited, ovulation does not occur. Understanding how VEGF regulates follicle development may allow for manipulation of estrous cycles. In previous studies in our laboratory, blocking the actions of VEGF decreased activation of early stage follicles in neonatal rat ovary cultures. Therefore, we hypothesized inhibition of VEGF actions would also inhibit follicle activation in bovine ovarian cortical cultures. Inhibition of VEGF did inhibit follicle progression, thus regulation of VEGF may be a way to manipulate follicle development and more accurately time ovulation.

Status Of Birds Newly Recorded In Arkansas Since 1985, Douglas A. James, Joseph C. Neal, Max Parker, Charles Mills

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

In 1994 we published an annotated list of 14 bird species that were newly discovered in Arkansas since the publication in 1986 of the monograph "Arkansas Birds, Their Distribution and Abundance." We now add 22 more new species found in Arkansas since the 1994 publication, and update the status of the original 14. Adding these 36 species to the number included in "Arkansas Birds" totals 402 bird species currently reported in Arkansas.

Additional Geographic Records For The Goldstripe Darter, Etheostoma Parvipinne (Perciformes: Percidae), From Arkansas, Chris T. Mcallister, Henry W. Robison, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Recent Observations Of The Distribution Of Woodchucks (Marmota Monax) In Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, D. Blake Sasse, Todd Pennington, Nicole Freeman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During the last couple of decades, the distribution of the woodchuck (Marmota monax) appeared to be expanding southward in Arkansas (Tumlison et al. 2001). An increase in the frequency of new sightings led us to re-evaluate the present status of this species of squirrel in the state. The woodchuck is not easily confused with other mammals, therefore we sought records of sightings to update information about its distribution. Recent range expansion had been documented in southwestern Arkansas, so we placed notices in stores and advertised in local newspapers in that region to intensively seek new records of sightings from the …

Genetic Diversity And Low Reproductive Success In Isolated Populations Of Utah Juniper (Juniperus Osteosperma, Cupressaceae), Loreen Allphin, Val J. Anderson, Amy F. Hunt

Faculty Publications

Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) has greatly expanded its historical range in the western United States. Management plans for the species have focused on curtailing its encroachment into sagebrush and grassland communities. These plans often include burning or other methods of elimination. These methods may result in subdivision or fragmentation of existing juniper stands. We initiated a study at Dugway Proving Ground, a U.S. Army facility, to examine the effects of fragmentation on the reproductive success of Utah juniper in isolated populations. We used enzyme electrophoresis to quantify genetic variability in isolated populations. We also determined population reproductive success by examining …

The Earthworm Fauna Of The Kocaeli (İzmit) City Center (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae), Mete Misirlioğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Earthworm specimens collected from 10 different areas of the Kocaeli city center were examined and identified. At the end of the study, 8 species belonging to 5 genera of Lumbricidae were identified: Lumbricus rubellus, Cernosvitovia schweigeri, Octodrilus transpadanus, Aporrectodea caliginosa trapezoides, Aporrectodea rosea, Aporrectodea jassyensis, Dendrobaena hortensis, and Dendrobaena veneta.

Gregarina Typographi Fuchs, A Gregarine Pathogen Of The Six-Toothed Pine Bark Beetle, Ips Sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) In Turkey, Mustafa Yaman

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A gregarine pathogen of Ips sexdentatus is reported in Turkey for the first time and described as Gregarina typographi. A mixed nematode parasitization and gregarine infection is reported. Gregarines were observed in the populations of I. sexdentatus in Şalpazarı (Sisdağı), Trabzon. During the study, several life stages of the gregarine pathogen were observed, measured, and photographed. Measurements of gamonts and gametocysts of G. typographi are given and compared with other gregarine isolates from Turkey.

Efficacy Of Solanum Villosum Mill. (Solanaceae: Solanales ) As A Biocontrol Agent Against Fourth Instar Larvae Of Culex Quinquefasciatus Say, Nandita Chowdhury, Indranil Bhattacharjee, Subrata Laskar, Goutam Chandra

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Dried ground leaves of Solanum villosum, Mill. were extracted with 5 different solvents [petroleum ether, benzene, choloform:methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone, and absolute alcohol] to determine the best extractant for subsequent isolation and characterization of larviciding compounds. Each batch of larvae (10 per batch) was treated with 30 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm of each extract in 3 replicates. All eluted fractions were found to induce significant mortality in test mosquito species. The petroleum ether eluted fraction was the least toxic, whereas the chloroform:methanol (1:1 v/v) eluted fraction was the most toxic to the larvae. A very high mortality rate …

Comparison Of Skeletal Muscle Protein Bands Among Five Populations Of Bufo Viridis In Turkey By Sds-Page, Ufuk Bülbül, Bi̇lal Kutrup

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Skeletal muscle protein bands of Bufo viridis samples from 5 different populations in Turkey were investigated by SDS-PAGE (Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). The total number of skeletal muscle protein bands was 23 in Hatay, Kayseri, Rize, and Tekirdağ samples, and 25 in the Mersin sample. It can be ascertained from the present study that some populations of B. viridis in Turkey could be different according to skeletal muscle protein bands and SDS-PAGE results comparing different muscle protein bands could be helpful for taxonomical investigations.

Preparation Of Neuraminidase-Specific Antiserum From The H9n2 Subtype Of Avian Influenza Virus, Ali Nazari Shirvan, Mehran Moradi, Mehdi Aminian, Rasool Madani

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Avian influenza virus stocks (A/chicken/Iran/259/1998/(H9N2)) were propagated in the allantoic cavities of 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. The harvested suspension was concentrated by polyethylene glycol 6000. Concentrated samples were layered onto sucrose gradient (30%-60%). Both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase were solubilized from purified viruses with Triton X-100 across 30% sucrose gradient. NA was isolated from HA and other viral proteins by affinity chromatography on N-(p-aminophenyl)oxamic acid. Fractions that had high NA activity and did not show HA activity were pooled and analyzed by neuraminidase inhibition and SDS-PAGE. No viral protein bands were detected, except for a single band in the position of …

Verotoxin Production In Strains Of Escherichia Coli Isolated From Cattle And Sheep, And Their Resistance To Antibiotics, Altan Aksoy, Murat Yildirim, Bi̇rgül Kaçmaz, Teoman Zafer Apan, J. Sedef Göçmen

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, 130 Escherichia coli strains isolated from 306 cattle and sheep fecal samples were studied for their resistance to 10 antibiotics, verotoxin production, and hemolyzation. The antibiotic resistance rates of the E. coli strains were as follows: tetracycline, 51.6%; streptomycin, 24.2%; ampicillin, 13.1%; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, 5.2%; gentamycin, 4.6%; ciprofloxacin, 4.6%; trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 4.3%; cefotaxime, 0.7%. None of the strains were resistant to cefepime or ceftazidime. Of all the antibiotics tested, only resistance to streptomycin was higher in the strains isolated from cattle than in the sheep strains (P = 0.043). The evaluation of the cattle strains, based on gender …