Animal Sciences Commons^™

Nitrogen Transport Through Linked Stream-Lake Systems Measured With N Tracer, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Koren Nydick, Michelle A. Baker, Bob Hall

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Curassows, Guans And Chacalacas: Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan (2000-2004), Stuart D. Strahl, Daniel M. Brooks

Galliformes Specialist Group and Affiliated Societies: Reports and Other Materials

Executive Summary

Introduction

• Scope, structure, and objectives of the plan
• Rationale for the action plan
• Relevance of the action plan to general biodiversity conservation
• Cracid Specialist Group activities, strategy, and history
• Symposia and workshops
• Cracid Specialist Group publications
• Other activities related to cracid conservation
• Cracid natural history
• Evolution and ecology
• Biogeography, distribution, and habitat association
• The role of cracids in ecosystems
• Cracids as biological indicators of ecosystem health
• Socio-economic importance of cracids
• Sustainable use
• Potential for ecotourism
• Taxonomic definitions used in this action plan
• Threats to cracids
• Hunting pressure
• Habitat destruction
• Lack of knowledge
• Action needed to secure the future …

Effects Of Mechanical Processing On The Nutritive Value Of Barley Silage For Lactating Dairy Cows, Jong-Su Eun, K. A. Beauchemin, S.-H. Hong, W. Z. Yang

Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Mechanical processing of whole crop barley before ensiling may be useful for improving nutrient use by dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of feeding mechanically processed barley silage as the main forage source on lactational performance. Twenty-four Holstein cows, 16 primiparous (187±52 days in milk) and 8 multiparous (87±69 days in milk) cows, were used in a completely randomized design with a 2-wk covariate period and a 6-wk treatment period. The 2 treatments were: 1) total mixed ration (TMR) containing regular barley silage (RBS-TMR), and 2) TMR containing mechanically processed barley silage (MPBS-TMR). Barley …

Demographics And The Ecological Role Of The Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) In Commercially Exploited And Unexploited Reaches Of The Wabash River With Implications For The Flathead Catfish (Pylodictis Olivaris), Robert E. Colombo

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Catfish are a major component of the Wabash River fish assemblage and are commercially fished below river kilometer (Rkm) 500. From Rkm 322 through 499 the commercial fishery is subjected only to Indiana fishing regulations. In this reach of river, there is a 254-mm minimum total length limit on both sport and commercially harvested catfish. Below RM 322, the Wabash River forms the state boundary of Indiana and Illinois. In this region of river there are two different length limits on commercially harvested catfish with Indiana having a 254-mm length limit and Illinois having a 381-mm length limit. There is …

Dairies And Local Economic Development, Alvaro Garcia, Kenneth Kalscheur

SDSU Extension Fact Sheets

This fact sheet is one in a series intended to answer — with science-based land-grant university research — questions frequently asked by the public about issues and needs affecting agricultural growth, urban expansion, and rural community development in South Dakota. During 2002, the year with latest available USDA figures, livestock production in South Dakota represented 50.7% of total agricultural cash receipts, followed by 42.4% for crops and 6.9% for government payments. Dairy products, at $178,176,000, were fifth of all agricultural cash receipts and were a highly significant portion of the state’s economy. In light of possible dairy expansion in the …

Market Lamb Docking- The Better Way, Unknown Unknown

All Archived Publications

Tail removal or docking of lambs by the commercial sheep industry is a standard management practice. When properly docked, the tail or dock will be long enough that when lifting the tail to defecate, the caudal folds on the under side of the tail are raised.

The Natural History And Morphology Of The Eastern Cricket Frog, Acris Crepitans Crepitans, In West Virginia, Kimberly Ann Bayne

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Two subspecies of cricket frogs, Acris crepitans blanchardi and Acris crepitans crepitans, historically have occurred in West Virginia. The range of Acris c. blanchardi, Blanchard’s Cricket Frog, begins along the Ohio River extending into West Virginia. The Eastern Cricket Frog, Acris c. crepitans, is found in counties located in the eastern panhandle. The Eastern Cricket Frog is a species of great concern. Two sites where Acris c. crepitans historically occurred, two sites that never contained A. c. crepitans, one historical site that currently has A. c. crepitans, and two new sites that have A. c. crepitans were studied by auditory …

A Survey Into The Prevalence Of Parasitic Helminths In Boiler Breeders, Anita Sarathi

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of helminth infections in spent broiler breeders. Intestinal tracts from 10 birds from each of five farms were obtained and examined for parasite identification and quantification. Heterakis gallinarum infections were the most common, followed in order of decreasing incidence by Capillaria obsignata, Ascaridia galli and Raillietina cesticillus. Peak worm burdens for individual birds were 121 (A. galli), 535 (H. gallinarum), 2I5 (C. obsignata) and 125 ( R. cesticillus). Significant farm-to-farm variation in worm burdens was observed.

Use Of An Artificial Pond And Marshes By Amphibians And Reptiles In West Virginia, Vanessa A. Dozeman

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

A farm pond approximately 40 years old located in Wayne County, West Virginia was studied to determine the ingress and egress of amphibians and reptiles. In addition to the pond, 2 small marshes were also examined. The study extended from February 2003 to November 2003. The pond is approximately 36 m long and 38 m wide and is located on a south-facing hillside at 202 m in elevation. A drift fence composed of landscaping cloth was constructed to completely encircle the site. At every 5.15 m, funnel traps were positioned on both sides of the fence. Traps were checked daily …

2004 Annual Report: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Report of the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission for the Fiscal Year 2004

Approvals During Fiscal Year 2004

Migratory Bird Conservation Fund

Summary of Fiscal Year 2004 MBCF Land Acquisitions

New National Wildlife Refuge Boundary Approvals

Membership of the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

Map Showing National Migratory Bird Refuge Areas

Map Showing Wetland Management Districts

Notes on Tables One and Two

Table One – National Migratory Bird Refuge Areas

Table Two – Waterfowl Production Areas by State and County

North American Wetlands Conservation Fund

Table Three – U.S. Wetland Conservation Proposals Approved by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission for FY 2004 …

A Low Rainfall Livestock Option: Analysis Of Fat Tail Sheep In The System, Evan Burt, Tanya Kilmister, Matthew Young

Agriculture reports

This paper aims to briefly: • investigate farming systems issues in the medium and low rainfall regions of the South West Land Division of Western Australia; • identify options and opportunities for the fat tailed sheep breeds • capture some research about the tail; and • investigate market options surrounding the fat tailed sheep breeds. This analysis will provide a brief understanding of the scale of the fat tailed sheep breeds within Western Australia and provide a brief overview of products of the sheep highlighting potential opportunities.

Update On Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Litter Size In Swine, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

A literature review was conducted to examine the role that dietary omega- 3 fatty acids may have in improving litter size in swine. Omega-3 fatty acids are not normally present to any great extent in practical swine diets, but they are increasingly believed to be important in human and pet health. In all but one of the studies reviewed the number of pigs born alive improved (0.2 to 0.7 pigs litter) when sows were provided diets that contained more omega-3 fatty acids. In all the studies that reported litter size at weaning, positive responses were observed (0.3 to 1.3 pigs/litter) …

Dietary Antimicrobials In A Wean-To-Finish Facility, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

The routine use of growth-promoting antimicrobial feed additives is under increasing pressure worldwide. In response to this pressure, it is important that producers and their advisors understand under what circumstances these additives are likely to be effective or ineffective, allowing for improved decisions regarding their use. An experiment was conducted to examine the routine use of antimicrobial feed additives in a wean-to-finish facility. The weaned pigs used in this experiment were purchased from a source where grow-finish pigs were positive for PRRSV, circovirus-2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and had a previous history of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) related problems. Experimental treatments were …

Livestock Friendly Counties Statute Enacted, J. David Aiken

Nebraska Swine Reports

LB754, adopted in 2003, (1) allows the Nebraska Department of Agriculture to designate counties as livestock friendly and (2) changes procedures for county livestock zoning permits. Counties must upon request specify what an applicant must do in order to obtain a livestock zoning permit. Counties must provide written statements regarding why a livestock zoning permit is granted or denied. Applicants can upon request be informed of whether they will receive a county zoning permit before applying to the Nebraska Department of Environmental Control for a livestock waste control facility permit. LB754 is the latest (but not the final) chapter in …

Nebraska Supreme Court Rules City Can Regulate Animal Feeding Operation, J. David Aiken

Nebraska Swine Reports

Nebraska statutes authorize second class cities and villages to adopt regulations protecting municipal water supplies from pollution within 15 miles of their community borders. Livestock facility regulations implemented by the second class city of Alma that were stricter than those of the Nebraska Department of Environmental Quality were upheld by the Nebraska Supreme Court. However, similar municipal regulations may be vulnerable to future legal attacks.

Energy And Nitrogen Utilization Of Corn Rootworm Protected Corn (Event Mon 863) And Similar Non-Transgenic Corn In Young Pigs, Robert L. Fischer, Phillip S. Miller

Nebraska Swine Reports

This experiment was conducted to compare the nutritional value, measured by digestible and metabolizable energy, and nitrogen digestibility in young pigs fed either corn rootworm protected test corn (event MON 863, RX740CRW) or a genetically similar non-transgenic control corn (RX740). The experiment used 12 barrows with an initial body weight of 74.5 lb. The pigs were housed individually in stainless steel metabolism crates and were randomly allotted to one of two corn treatments, either corn rootworm protected corn or non-transgenic control corn. Diets were formulated to contain 97.5% of test or control corn and 2.5% minerals and vitamins. The duration …

Major Genes Affect Reproduction And Early Growth, Rodger K. Johnson, J. W. Holl

Nebraska Swine Reports

The Nebraska Index Line is reproductively superior to its contemporary control, producing approximately four pigs more per litter. However, the genes or quantitative trait loci (QTL) that cause these differences are unknown. A previous study with an F2 resource population created by crossing the NE Index and Control lines identified one QTL affecting ovulation rate, one QTL affecting number of fully formed fetuses, one QTL affecting number of pigs born alive, two QTL affecting number of stillborn pigs, five QTL affecting nipple number, and six QTL affecting age at puberty. However, individual birth weight and weaning weight had not been …

Different Biological Responses Of Pigs Of Two Genetic Populations To Prrsv Challenge Suggests Underlying Genetic Variation In Susceptibility/Resistance To Prrsv, Derek B. Petry, Justin W. Holl, John Weber, Rodger K. Johnson, Alan R. Doster, Fernando Osario

Nebraska Swine Reports

The objective was to determine whether genetic variation in susceptibility to Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome virus (PRRSV) exists. One hundred pigs from each of two distinctly different populations (NE Index Line, I, and Duroc-Hampshire cross pigs, DH) were challenged with PRRSV at 26 days old. A littermate to each challenged pig was included in the experiment without PRRSV challenge to serve as a control. Body weight and temperature were recorded and blood samples were drawn from all pigs on the day of challenge and 4, 7 and 14 days post-challenge. All pigs were sacrificed and a necropsy was performed …

Effects Of Index Selection On The Performance And Carcass Composition Of Sheep Given Foods Of Different Protein Concentrations Ad Libitum., R. M. Lewis, G. C. Emmans, G. Simm

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Sheep of a line selected on an index to increase carcass lean content at 150 days of age (selected (S); no. = 90), and an unselected control line (control (C); no. = 90), were given ad libitum foods of three different protein concentrations (192, 141 and 120 g/kg dry matter). Growth was measured from about 21 to 114 kg live weight. The carcasses of each line were analysed for lean, fat and bone at three widely varying weights in both males and females. Level of protein did not affect the extent to tohidi S was superior to C in the …

Effects Of Two Dried Forages, And A Choice Between Them, On Intake, Growth And Carcass Composition In Lambs Of Two Breeds And Their Cross, R. M. Lewis, J. M. Macfarlane, G. C. Emmans

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The effects of for age type, breed type and sex on lamb growth and carcass composition, and their changes throughout growth, were measured. The three breed types were Scottish Blackface (no. =31), Suffolk (no. =28) and their reciprocal cross (no. =30). The lambs were given ad libitum a pelleted rye grass alone, pelleted lucerne alone or a choice of both. Each lamb was scanned using X-ray computed tomography to measure the weights of fat, lean and bone in the carcass at three proportions of mature body weight (0-30, 0·45 and 0·65). Live weights and food intake data were recorded weekly. …

Distribution, Habitat Use, Growth, And Condition Of A Native And An Introduced Catfish Species In The Hudson River Estuary, Stephen M. Jordan, Robert M. Neumann, Eric T. Schultz

EEB Articles

White catfish (Ameiurus catus) is native to the Hudson River and is now coexisting with the recently established channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). These species were sampled from four freshwater reaches and four habitat types of the Hudson River estuary to assess whether the two species overlapped in their habitat use, and whether any impact on the native species was evident. Catfishes were sampled in 1998 and 1999 using baited hoop nets (N = 708 net nights). Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE, number of fish per net night; total catch = 368) of white catfish was significantly different among reaches …

Effect Of Wet And Dry Distillers Grains Plus Solubles And Supplemental Fat Level On Performance Of Yearling Finishing Cattle, Kyle J. Vander Pol, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Casey N. Macken

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two finishing trials were conducted to compare the addition of fat from either wet or dry distillers byproducts (WDGS; DDGS) to that provided from one of two commercially available fat sources (corn oil, Trial 1; tallow, Trial 2). In Trial 1, feed conversion and ADG decreased linearly as level of corn oil increased, while feed conversion and ADG were improved numerically as the level of WDGS increased in the diet. In Trial 2, no differences in performance were observed comparing cattle fed dry distillers grains plus solubles to cattle fed diets containing tallow. WDGS provided 12 and 17% more net …

The Impact Of Social Interactions On Torpor Use In Hummingbirds, Donald R. Powers

Faculty Publications - Department of Biological & Molecular Science

Measurements of metabolic rate and fat deposition were made on a three-species hummingbird guild in southeastern Arizona to determine if the energetic advantage gained by a dominant territorial species (Lampornis clemenciae) over subordinate competitors (Archilochus alexandri and Eugenes fulgens) resulted in less frequent use of torpor. Results showed that L. clemenciae was able to store enough fat during the day to avoid nocturnal torpor. Restricted access to food limited fat storage in both competitors, resulting in frequent torpor use. Avoidance of torpor by L. clemenciae supports the notion that use of nocturnal torpor by hummingbirds comes with a cost, and …

Facts About Footrot - A Special Booklet For Neighbours Of Properties Which Have Been Quarantine For Footrot, Or Farmers Wanting To Know More About Footrot, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Animal production and livestock published reports

Footrot is a contagious disease of sheep and goats caused by a mix of different bacteria, with the essential one being Dichelobacter nodosus. The bacterial infection can cause varying degrees of damage to the horn of the foot, leading to lameness, and significant loss of body weight and wool production.

There are two main forms of footrot - virulent and benign. Both are caused by D. nodosus. Footrot is diagnosed using two methods; inspecting sheep's feet, and testing skin scrapings in the laboratory

Cow Muscle Profiling: A Comparison Of Chemical And Physical Properties Of 21 Muscles From Beef And Dairy Cow Carcasses, Mike L. Buford, Chris R. Calkins, D. Dwain Johnson, Bucky L. Gwartney

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

About 43% of the meat from cow carcasses is sold into the boxed beef trade. This research was conducted to compare muscles from beef and dairy cows in an effort to identify optimal uses for cow muscles. Twenty-one muscles from beef and dairy cow carcasses were analyzed for objective color, total heme-iron, total collagen, pH, expressible moisture and proximate composition. Wide variation was observed for all properties measured. Effects of breed type on all measured traits were minimal except in the case of percent moisture. These results indicate muscles from beef and dairy cows are similar in chemical and physical …

Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay Levels In Dry-Rolled Corn Finishing Diets, Travis B. Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Casey N. Macken, Ronald U. Lindquist

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

One hundred ninety-two yearling steers were fed 132 days (June to October) to determine if roughage levels could be reduced in dry-rolled corn finishing diets containing wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and to evaluate the effects on N volatilization. Finishing diets contained either 0 or 35% WCGF and 0, 3.75, or 7.5% alfalfa hay. Intake, ADG, and carcass weight increased as level of alfalfa hay increased, or when WCGF was fed. Feed conversions of cattle fed 35% WCGF were improved 4.4% compared to conversions of cattle fed no WCGF at 0% alfalfa hay. Within 35% WCGF diets, efficiency decreased as …

Evaluation Of Initial Implants For Finishing Heifers, Travis B. Farran, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Gary Sides, Chris Reinhardt, Bill Dicke, Jim S. Drouillard

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A commercial feedyard experiment evaluated initial implant strategies for feedlot heifers. Heifers were administered either Revalor-IH or Synovex-H at initial processing, with both treatment groups receiving Revalor-200 as a common terminal implant. Implanting heifers initially with Revalor-IH improved feed efficiency and ADG compared to heifers implanted initially with Synovex-H. In addition, Revalor- IH implanted heifers had higher marbling scores while 58% more carcasses achieved the upper two-thirds Choice category. There were no differences in USDA yield grades. Selling Revalor- IH implanted heifers on a carcass merit basis returned $14.22/head more than Synovex-H implanted heifers. New reduced-dose initial implants can improve …

Vaccination And Direct Fed Microbials As Intervention Strategies For Reduction Of E. Coli O157:H7 In Feedlot Steers, Jeffrey D. Folmer, Casey N. Macken, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith, Susanne Hinkley, Andrew A. Potter, B. Brett Finley

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate effects of two intervention strategies on the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 shedding by feedlot steers using 384 steers and 48 pens. Intervention strategies were a direct fed microbial or vaccination against E. coli O157:H7. No differences in performance or carcass yield were observed for direct fed microbial or vaccination treatments, compared to the control. Vaccination significantly reduced the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7. In addition, we also observed a non-significant decrease in the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 with inclusion of the direct fed microbial.

Delayed Implanting Improves Quality Grade In Steer Calves, Richard N. Funston, Don C. Adams, Rex Davis, James R. Teichert

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

One hundred steer calves were used to evaluate the effect of delaying initial implanting on feedlot and carcass characteristics. One-half the steers were implanted with Synovex S® after a 14 day acclimation period, the remainder were implanted 30 days after the 14 day acclimation period. All calves were re-implanted 112 days after the beginning of the study with Synovex Choice® and harvested 100 days later. Neither final weight (1269 lb) nor ADG (3.74 lb/day) were affected by implant regimen. Delayed implant steers had a higher percentage grading Choice (92 vs 68%). Delaying implanting resulted in a 24% increase in cattle …

Phosphorus Requirement For Finishing Heifers, Bobbi Gene Geisert, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Casey N. Macken

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Sixty head of crossbred heifers (614 lb initial BW) were individually fed one of five levels of phosphorus of 0.10, 0.17, 0.24, 0.31, 0.38 % of diet DM with supplemental P from monosodium phosphate. Heifers were fed an energy-dense diet composed primarily of corn starch and corn fiber to minimize P from corn. When compared to the other four levels, heifers fed at the 0.10 % P level had lower DMI, ADG and final BW. Heifers fed 0.10%P had lower plasma P concentration. Breakpoint analysis of ADG suggests that the P requirement for finishing heifers is 0.115% P of diet …