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2004

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Articles 571 - 590 of 590

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Do Rhinoceros Auklet, Cerorhinca Monocerata, Fledglings Fly To The Sea From Their Natal Burrows?, James L. Hayward, Jere K. Clayburn Jan 2004

Do Rhinoceros Auklet, Cerorhinca Monocerata, Fledglings Fly To The Sea From Their Natal Burrows?, James L. Hayward, Jere K. Clayburn

Faculty Publications

The mode of departure of Rhinoceros Auklet fledglings from their nest burrows has remained uncertain. Both walk-down and fly-down hypotheses have been proposed. Here we use the unique geography of Protection Island, Washington, to evaluate the fly-down hypothesis. Some fledglings raised on Protection Island do appear to walk to the water, but our results suggest that many of the island's fledgling Rhinoceros Auklets fly to the sea.

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A New Pathogenic Virus In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Panulirus Argus From The Florida Keys, Jeffrey D. Shields, Donald C. Behringer Jr. Jan 2004

A New Pathogenic Virus In The Caribbean Spiny Lobster Panulirus Argus From The Florida Keys, Jeffrey D. Shields, Donald C. Behringer Jr.

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

A pathogenic virus was diagnosed from juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the Florida Keys. Moribund lobsters had characteristically milky hemolymph that did not clot. Altered hyalinocytes and semigranulocytes, but not granulocytes, were observed with light microscopy. Infected hemocytes had emarginated, condensed chromatin, hypertrophied nuclei and faint eosinophilic Cowdry-type-A inclusions. In some cases, infected cells were observed in soft connective tissues. With electron microscopy, unenveloped, nonoccluded, icosahedral virions (182 +/- 9 nm SD) were diffusely spread around the inner periphery of the nuclear envelope. Virions also occurred in loose aggregates in the cytoplasm or were free in the hemolymph. …

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Isolation And Characterization Of Mycobacteria From Striped Bass Morone Saxatilis From The Chesapeake Bay, Martha W. Rhodes, Howard Kator, Ilsa Kaattari, David Gauthier, Wolfgang Vogelbein, Christopher A. Ottinger Jan 2004

Isolation And Characterization Of Mycobacteria From Striped Bass Morone Saxatilis From The Chesapeake Bay, Martha W. Rhodes, Howard Kator, Ilsa Kaattari, David Gauthier, Wolfgang Vogelbein, Christopher A. Ottinger

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Mycobacteriosis in striped bass Morone saxatilisof Chesapeake Bay, USA, was first diagnosed in 1997 based on the presence of granulomatous inflammation and acid-fast bacteria in skin and spleen. To confirm histopathology, bacteriological detection and identification of mycobacteria were begun using splenic tissue from fish with and without skin ulcerations. On the basis of initial studies using a variety of selective and nonselective media, decontamination, homogenization and incubation conditions, a simple and quantitative recovery method using aseptic necropsy of splenic tissue was developed. Optimal recovery was obtained by spread-plating homogenates on Middlebrook 7H10 agar with incubation for 3 mo at …

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Metabolic Rate Models And The Substitutability Of Predator Populations, David R. Chalcraft, William J. Resetarits Jr. Jan 2004

Metabolic Rate Models And The Substitutability Of Predator Populations, David R. Chalcraft, William J. Resetarits Jr.

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

1. Much of the debate surrounding the consequences of biodiversity loss centres around the issue of whether different species are functionally similar in their effects on ecological processes. In this study, we examined whether populations consisting of smaller, more abundant individuals are functionally similar to populations of the same species with larger, fewer individuals.
2. We manipulated the biomass and density of banded sunfish (Enneacanthus obesus) and measured their impact on populations of Southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) larvae. We also evaluated the ability of models relating metabolic rate to body size to predict the relative …

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Comparative Life Histories Of Georgia And Virginia Cotton Rats, Bradley J. Bergstrom, Robert K. Rose Jan 2004

Comparative Life Histories Of Georgia And Virginia Cotton Rats, Bradley J. Bergstrom, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Adult hispid cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were collected from the field monthly for >2 years from populations near the northern edge of their range in Virginia and contemporaneously from south-central Georgia. Body measurements and weights were taken at capture, and after dissection embryos, corpora lutea, and placental scars were counted and measured; testes and seminal vesicles were dissected out, measured, and weighed. This allowed comparison of several life-history parameters between the populations and tests of several life-history hypotheses. The breeding season was up to 2 months longer in Georgia than in Virginia, where there was typically a 3-month …

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Breeding Abundance And Nest-Site Distribution Of The Altamira Oriole At Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, Timothy Brush, Christopher R. Hathcock Jan 2004

Breeding Abundance And Nest-Site Distribution Of The Altamira Oriole At Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge, Texas, Timothy Brush, Christopher R. Hathcock

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

The distribution of the Altamira oriole (Icterus gularis) in the United States is restricted to the Lower Rio Grande Valley of southernmost Texas. Our objective was to assess the current breeding status of this species at and near Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuge (SANWR), a principal nesting area in the region. During each breeding season from 1997 to 1999, we attempted to find and monitor all Altamira oriole nests in and within 0.5 km of SANWR to determine annual breeding-pair abundance, annual nest-site distribution, and nest distribution among tree species. We estimated that there were 6 or 7, 8 or …

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Determination Of The Nutritional Level Of Calcium And Phosphorus In Llamas (Lama Glama) In Two Seasons In The Condoriri Agricultural Experiment Center, Gustavo Adolfo León Titichoca Jan 2004

Determination Of The Nutritional Level Of Calcium And Phosphorus In Llamas (Lama Glama) In Two Seasons In The Condoriri Agricultural Experiment Center, Gustavo Adolfo León Titichoca

Theses and Dissertations

The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were determined in 12 llamas from the Condoriri Agricultural Experiment Center (Oruro Technical University) of Oruro, Bolivia during two seasons (wet and dry) and at three ages (newborn, juvenile, and adult). Samples of flesh were taken from the arm, leg, back, rib, and neck. Pasture samples (grassland and prairie) were used to determine the rate of biting of each animal studied. The blood samples were taken by extracting blood from a jugular vein. The minerals (Ca and P) in the flesh are highest in the wet season, 113.78 mg/100 g. The newborns were found …

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Predicting Dynamics Of Aggregate Loafing Behavior In Glaucous-Winged Gulls (Larus Glaucescens) At A Washington Colony, Shandelle M. Henson, James L. Hayward, Christina M. Burden, Clara J. Logan, Joseph G. Galusha Jan 2004

Predicting Dynamics Of Aggregate Loafing Behavior In Glaucous-Winged Gulls (Larus Glaucescens) At A Washington Colony, Shandelle M. Henson, James L. Hayward, Christina M. Burden, Clara J. Logan, Joseph G. Galusha

Faculty Publications

Seabirds move throughout the day in changing, patchy environments as they engage in various behaviors. We studied the diurnal abundance dynamics of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) in a habitat patch dedicated to loafing in the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Washington. We constructed three differential equation models as alternative hypotheses and then used model selection techniques to choose the one that most accurately described the system. We validated the model on an independent data set, made a priori model predictions, and conducted a field test of the predictions. Clear dynamic patterns emerged in the abundance of loafing gulls, even though …

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The Effect Of Size-Limited Brood Capacity On Brood Size In A Freshwater Bivalve, Mark Beekey Jan 2004

The Effect Of Size-Limited Brood Capacity On Brood Size In A Freshwater Bivalve, Mark Beekey

Biology Faculty Publications

Size limited brood capacity is common among species with hard exoskeletons or shells. In these species, brood size is limited by the physical capacity to hold offspring. Here we present evidence that brood size is limited by physical constraints in Sphaerium striatinum , a small brooding bivalve. Sphaerium striatinum is a sequential brooder and produces offspring throughout the year. Offspring are brooded in marsupial sacs located on the inner demibranch. In an unconstrained brooder one would predict that brood size would increase as a function of adult length cubed, a volumetric relationship. In S. striatinum, brood size increases as less …

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Diet Quality And Food Limitation Affect The Dynamics Of Body Composition And Digestive Organs In A Migratory Songbird (Zonotrichia Albicollis), Barbara J. Pierce, Scott R. Mcwilliams Jan 2004

Diet Quality And Food Limitation Affect The Dynamics Of Body Composition And Digestive Organs In A Migratory Songbird (Zonotrichia Albicollis), Barbara J. Pierce, Scott R. Mcwilliams

Biology Faculty Publications

Migrating songbirds interrupt their feeding to fly between stopover sites that may vary appreciably in diet quality. We studied the effects of fasting and food restriction on body composition and digestive organs in a migratory songbird and how these effects interacted with diet quality to influence the rate of recovery of nutrient reserves. Food limitation caused whitethroated sparrows to reduce both lean and fat reserves, with about 20% of the decline in lean mass represented by a decline in stomach, small intestine, and liver. During refeeding on diets similar in nutrient composition to either grain or fruit, foodlimited grain-fed birds …

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Effect Of Canihua (Chenopodium Pallidicaule Aellen), Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), And Soybean (Glycine Max M) Sprouts On The Feeding Of Guinea Pigs For Growth, Eddy Wilfredo Calle Ayma Jan 2004

Effect Of Canihua (Chenopodium Pallidicaule Aellen), Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), And Soybean (Glycine Max M) Sprouts On The Feeding Of Guinea Pigs For Growth, Eddy Wilfredo Calle Ayma

Theses and Dissertations

This study occurred during July, August, and September in the Small Animals Investigation and Production Center (CIPAM), dependent of the Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock, and Veterinary Sciences of the Technical University of Oruro, of the Central Highland of Bolivia. In order to satisfy guinea pig nutrition requirements, which are 2800.00 kcal/kg of energy, 18.00% protein, 10.00% fiber, 1.00% calcium, and 0.60% phosphorus, the following ingredients were used in feed: 11.30% yellow corn, 30.00% milled wheat [Bromus catharticus], 14.00% soy cake, 32.00% wheat bran, 9.00% alfalfa flour, 1.80% bone flour, 1.00% conchilla, 0.50% common salt, and 0.40% methionine. The effect that …

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Statistical Models And Genetic Evaluation Of Binomial Traits, Jose Lucio Guerra Jan 2004

Statistical Models And Genetic Evaluation Of Binomial Traits, Jose Lucio Guerra

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Generalized mixed model methodology and MCMC simulations were used to estimate genetic parameters for calving rate and calf survival with the normal, probit, and logistic models. Calving rate and calf survival were defined as 0 each time a cow failed to calf or a calf failed to survive to weaning age, otherwise they were set to 1. Data were available on 1,458 cows and on 5,015 calves. Cows produced a total of 4,808 records over 4 discrete generations of rotational crosses between Angus, Brahman, Charolais, and Hereford from 1977 to 1995. The heritability of calving rate and calf survival, the …

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Bakso (Traditional Indonesian Meatball) Properties With Postmortem Condition And Frozen Storage, Dino Rahardiyan Jan 2004

Bakso (Traditional Indonesian Meatball) Properties With Postmortem Condition And Frozen Storage, Dino Rahardiyan

LSU Master's Theses

Bakso is a finely comminuted boiled Indonesian meat product that is traditionally made of starch, salt and emulsified prerigor or early postmortem meat and often sold from street vendors. Recently processors have begun to commercially manufacture bakso. This research was conducted to investigate the substitution of early postmortem meat with postrigor meat to allow more efficient manufacturing and raw material procurement. The first experiment was to determine the properties of bakso with three tapioca starch concentrations added to early or late postmortem beef. No differences (p<0.05) were observed in bakso properties of composition and texture, though bakso made of post-rigor meat had slightly less elasticity, strength and shear. These disadvantages were compensated by incorporating 15% starch concentration, indicating that the replacement of early postmortem meat with postrigor meat was applicable in industrial mass production of bakso. The second phase of experiments was to investigate the properties of bakso with different frozen storage times of raw postrigor meat and after different times of frozen storage for bakso made from postrigor and early postmortem meat. Postrigor meat substitution for early postmortem meat in bakso with 15% tapioca starch resulted in minimum composition and textural differences (p>0.05). Meat stored frozen for 2 and 4 months was still suitable as raw …

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Efficacy Of Prepartum Intramammary Lactating Cow Treatment In Dairy Heifers, Christopher B. Norman Jan 2004

Efficacy Of Prepartum Intramammary Lactating Cow Treatment In Dairy Heifers, Christopher B. Norman

LSU Master's Theses

Mastitis in prepartum dairy heifers has been recognized as a significant economic problem for the dairy industry. Intramammary infusion of cephapirin sodium was completed in 20 treatment animals and the results were compared to 25 non-treated control animals. Bacteriological data from the quarter milk samples were used to determine and compare initial infection rates and cure rates following calving between treatment and control groups. Comparisons were also made between groups for differences in reproductive performance, milk yield, somatic cell count and milk ketone concentration. Milk yield did not differ between groups for either DHIA monthly average kg/day, 305 day actual …

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The Effect Of Holding Bovine Oocytes In Follicular Fluid On Subsequent Fertilization And Embryonic Development, Angela Marie Klumpp Jan 2004

The Effect Of Holding Bovine Oocytes In Follicular Fluid On Subsequent Fertilization And Embryonic Development, Angela Marie Klumpp

LSU Master's Theses

The objective of Experiment 1 was to determine the effect of bovine follicular fluid (bFF) on nuclear maturation. Treatment A (Control) oocytes were stained with Hoechst-33342 immediately after aspiration from follicles, whereas, oocytes in Treatment B were held in bFF for 12 hours at 38¢ªC and then stained to determine nuclear status. No significant difference was detected between treatment groups. Results indicate that bFF inhibits resumption of meiosis. The objective of Experiment 2 was to determine the effect of bFF on embryonic development. Oocytes in Treatment A (Control) were placed into in vitro maturation (IVM) for 22 hours followed by …

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Effects Of Dietary Protein Level And Fish Meal On Growth And Hormonal Status Of Weaned Dairy Calves, Patricia Terrell Richardel Jan 2004

Effects Of Dietary Protein Level And Fish Meal On Growth And Hormonal Status Of Weaned Dairy Calves, Patricia Terrell Richardel

LSU Master's Theses

Eight weaned Holstein steers approximately 4 mo of age (mean BW = 119.47 ± 2.65 kg) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square designed experiment to study the effects of protein source and level on performance and anabolic hormonal status of weaned dairy calves. Treatments consisted of two diets containing either 16 or 20 % crude protein (CP) with or without fish meal (FM). Experimental diets were corn silage based with soybean meal (SBM) as the source of ruminal degradable protein and FM as the source of ruminal undegradable protein. The animals were fed their respective diets …

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Cryopreservation Of Bovine And Caprine Oocytes By Vitrification, Sabrina Marie Luster Jan 2004

Cryopreservation Of Bovine And Caprine Oocytes By Vitrification, Sabrina Marie Luster

LSU Master's Theses

Cryopreservation of animal oocytes will permit germplasm of valuable or unique females to be preserved for extended times. The objective of this research was to derive a procedure to cryopreserve bovine oocytes by vitrification to be used as recipients for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Caprine oocytes vitrified by the same procedure were assayed by cytological examination of microtubules. In the first two of three experiments, bovine oocytes matured in vitro were vitrified in a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG), dimethylsulfoxide (Me2SO) and trehalose, and then subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF) or SCNT. For vitrification, oocytes were first exposed …

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Mineral Utilization In Poultry As Affected By Virginiamycin Or Mineral Source, Tanika Ivel O'Connor-Dennie Jan 2004

Mineral Utilization In Poultry As Affected By Virginiamycin Or Mineral Source, Tanika Ivel O'Connor-Dennie

LSU Master's Theses

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diets with reduced Ca or nonphytate P (nPP) levels with supplemental virginiamycin (Vm) on growth performance and bone response variables in chicks. All diets were corn-soybean meal based and all treatments were replicated six or eight times with five or six chicks each. Reducing dietary nPP from 0.45 to 0.15, 0.25, or 0.35% decreased most growth and bone response variables. The addition of Vm to diets containing 0.35% nPP and above increased both growth and bone response variables. The addition of Vm to diets containing 0.25% nPP and below had no …

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The Role Of Farm Dams As Refugia For Aquatic Invertebrates In A Salinised Landscape, South Western Australia, Jean-Michel Benier Jan 2004

The Role Of Farm Dams As Refugia For Aquatic Invertebrates In A Salinised Landscape, South Western Australia, Jean-Michel Benier

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

In a salinised landscape farm dams may represent the last truly freshwater surface resource, and therefore provide refuge habitats for the biota of wetlands affected by increasing salinity. One wetland threatened by increased salinity in south-west Western Australia is Lake Toolibin. It is listed as a Wetland of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention in recognition of its high conservation value, and remediation actions to halt (and possibly reverse) further increases in salinity are being undertaken at this wetland. Farm dams act as aquatic refugia if they convey resistance and/or resilience to the biotic communities of a disturbed habitat. This …

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Terrestrial Isopods (Crustacea: Oniscidea) And Biogeographical Patterns From South-Western Australia, Simon L. Judd Jan 2004

Terrestrial Isopods (Crustacea: Oniscidea) And Biogeographical Patterns From South-Western Australia, Simon L. Judd

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

This thesis examines terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Oniscidea) diversity and biogeography from south-western Australia, a region already recognised for the exceptional high biodiversity and concentrations of endemic species. A taxonomic investigation of isopods in the Western Australian Museum and material collected systematically as part of this study revealed seventy taxa, sixty of which were considered native species. The thesis provides a comprehensive review of regional taxonomic history and includes a key, complete with a set of forty characters states and taxa, illustrated by a number of photographic plates that are designed for use by specialists and non-specialists alike. Prior to this …

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