Animal Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of Calving Time And Weaning Time On Cow And Calf Performace - A Preliminary Report, Dick Pruitt, Ron Haigh, William Epperson, Scott Fausti, Doug Young

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

Cows grazing native range pasture year round in western South Dakota were allotted to 3 management systems: 1) A calving season starting in mid March with calves weaned in late October; 2) A calving season starting in mid March with calves weaned in mid September; and 3) A calving season starting in early May with calves weaned in late October. The effect of management system on pregnancy rate was year dependent. After 4 years of the study, there was no consistent advantage for any particular group. Average weaning weight was consistently higher for the March calving/October weaned group that was …

2003 South Dakota Beef Report, Department Of Animal And Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service, South Dakota State University

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

This is the 2003 South Dakota Beef Report. The articles published in this report summarize many of the beef cattle research activities conducted at South Dakota State University during 2003. The articles in this report have many levels of application. Some information has immediate application for your farm, ranch, or agribusiness. The articles include information on nutrition, feed management, reproductive management, health, growth and development, and economics of the cattle and beef industry in South Dakota.

Recommended Strategies For Odor Control In Confinement Beef Cattle Operations, Kent Tjardes, Alvaro Garcia, Hans Stein, Charles Ullery, Stephen Pohl, Christopher Schmit

SDSU Extension Special Series

Odors coming off a beef feeding operation are generated from three different sources: the feedlot facility, waste storage, and the land where the manure is applied. In some operations, the feedlot facility may also serve as the primary waste storage area. To reduce the total amount of odor generated from a beef feeding operation, odor generation and emission by each of these three sources needs to be reduced.

Aerobic Endospore Distribution In A Process To Produce High Phospholipid Ingredients From Commercial Reconstituted Buttermilk, L. Lassonde, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

Monitoring Spores And Spore-Forming Bacteria Populations In Commercial Skim Milk Powder Production Plants Using Conventional And Molecular Methods, C. Murillo, Chris Kitts, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

Development Of Endospore-Specific Primers For The Analysis Of Microbial Populations In Milk Powder, M. M. Arendts, Chris Kitts, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

Systematical Studies On Megabombus (Apidae: Hymenoptera) Species In Central Anatolia, Ahmet Murat Ayteki̇n, Neşe Çağatay

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Some species from the genus Megabombus in Central Anatolia were considered. Eight species were determined from the subgenera Thoracobombus, Rhodobombus and Megabombus (s. str.) by both classical and morphometrical systematics. Synonymies, Turkish and general distributions and detailed drawings of the dorsal view of the male genitalia were given. As a result of the phenograms obtained from 39 different morphological characters examined statistically, the subgenus Megabombus was shown to be a natural group.

Development Of A Gis Geodatabase As A Tool For Analyzing Spatial Relationships In The Species Distributions Of West Virginia Fishes, Nathan D. Bowe

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

One of the most complete references to date of fish species distribution in West Virginia is a 1995 book entitled “The Fishes of West Virginia” (Stauffer, et al.). In this project, geographic information systems (GIS) and relational database technology have been utilized to adapt that reference into a system where spatially arranged collection site features are related to distribution data through a series of common fields among tables in a geodatabase. The geodatabase is stored in an MDB-formatted database management system (DBMS) which is readable by Microsoft Access and useful in its own right as a means to query distribution …

Accelerated Hatching Of Southern Leopard Frog (Rana Sphenocephala) Eggs In Response To The Presence Of A Crayfish (Procambarus Nigrocinctus) Predator, Daniel Saenz, James B. Johnson, Cory K. Adams, Gage H. Dayton

Faculty Publications

Phenotypic plasticity, such as morphological and behavioral changes in response to predators, is common in larval anurans. Less is known about inducible defenses in the embryonic stages of development. We investigated the predation risk imposed by crayfish (Procambarus nigrocinctus) on southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) eggs aud whether crayfish presence induces a change in the timing of hatching of R. sphenocephala eggs. We found that crayfish significantly reduce the hatching success of R. sphenocephala eggs by eating them and that eggs hatch significantly faster in the presence of crayfish than when crayfish are not present. We …

The Influence Of Predator Threat On The Timing Of A Life-History Switch Point: Predator-Induced Hatching In The Southern Leopard Frog (Rana Sphenocephala), James B. Johnson, Daniel Saenz, Cory K. Adams, Richard N. Conner

Faculty Publications

We tested the hypotheses that potential egg predators, crayfish Procambarus nigrocinctus and dytiscid Cybister sp. larvae, would accelerate the timing of hatching and that a larval predator, dragonfly naiad Anax junius, would delay hatching in the southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala). We also tested the hypothesis that differences in response would be proportional to predator lethality. Our results indicate that our hypotheses were partially supported. The presence of an efficient egg predator (crayfish) induces hatching faster than a less efficient predator (dytiscid larvae). However, the presence of a larval predator (naiads) did not delay hatching. Eggs that …

Ecological Games In Space And Time: The Distribution And Abundance Of Antarctic Krill And Penguins, Suzanne H. Alonzo, Paul V. Switzer, Marc Mangel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

The distribution and abundance of organisms are affected by behaviors, such as habitat selection, foraging, and reproduction. These behaviors are driven by interactions within and between species, environmental conditions, and the biology of the species in-volved. Although extensive theoretical work has explored predator–prey dynamics, these models have not considered the impact of behavioral plasticity and life-history trade-offs on predicted patterns. We apply a modeling method that allows the consideration of a spatial, dynamic ecological game between predators and prey using a life-history perspec-tive. As an illustrative example, we model the habitat selection of Antarctic krill and penguins during the time …

An Ecosystem-Based Approach To Management: Using Individual Behaviour To Predict The Indirect Effects Of Antarctic Krill Fisheries On Penguin Foraging, Suzanne Alonzo, Paul Switzer, Marc Mangel

Faculty Research & Creative Activity

Summary 1. Changes in species' abundance and distributions caused by human disturbances can have indirect effects on other species in a community. Although ecosystem approaches to management are becoming increasingly prevalent, they require a fuller understand- ing of how individual behaviour determines interactions within and between species. 2. Ecological interactions involving krill are of major importance to many species within the Antarctic. Despite extensive knowledge of the ecosystem that they occupy, there is still incomplete understanding of the links between species and the effect of environmental conditions on these interactions. In this study, we extended a behavioural model used previously …

Farm Disease Crises In The United Kingdom: Lessons To Be Learned, Michael C. Appleby

State of the Animals 2003

Over the last fifteen years, a diverse succession of disease-related crises has befallen farm animal and food industries in the United Kingdom. Some have involved animal health, with little risk to humans. Some have involved human health, with animals acting as a reservoir for infection but little affected themselves. Some, however— including the most alarming— have involved both animal and human health through zoonoses, diseases transmittable from animal to human. All of these crises are linked in the public mind and in many commentaries, and indeed there are issues that many of them share. The most common of these is …

Effect Of Electrolyte Balance In Low-Protein Diets On Broiler Performance And Tibial Dyschondroplasia Incidence, A. E. Murakami, J. R. G. Franco, E. N. Martins, E. O. Oviedo Rondon, M. I. Sakamoto, M. S. Pereira

Faculty Publications

A proper dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) is essential to ensure an optimum acid-base equilibrium and broiler performance. In low-CP diets, this balance can be affected by reduction of soybean meal and inclusion of high levels of synthetic amino acids. Although, some studies have related low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids and DEB, these relations are not well explained, because some research demonstrates confusion about the deficiency and balance of nutrients. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the DEB effects of diets with low levels of protein supplemented with amino acids on broiler performance and bone development. Results indicated …

Requirements Of Sodium And Chloride By Leghorn Laying Hens, A. E. Murakami, M. I. Sakamoto, J. R. G. Franco, E. N. Martins, E. O. Oviedo Rondon

Faculty Publications

Sodium and Cl are low-cost nutrients with great influence on feed conversion ratio (FCR), eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. Actual values of dietary requirements of these minerals for commercial laying hens are not well defined. These requirements were reevaluated in a factorial experiment using corn-soybean meal basal diets. No significant influence of Na and Cl levels was observed on egg production (%), egg weight (g), or feed intake (g/d), but levels of these minerals had variable effects on FCR, eggshell quality, and excreta moisture. The optimum requirement of Na changed according to the variable evaluated and level of Cl used.

Gyratrix Hermaphroditus: A State Record For Arkansas, Jane Dunn

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Dairy Digest 2003, South Dakota State University Dairy Club

Dairy Digest

No abstract provided.

Morphology Of The Spores Of Myxosoma Cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) And M. Cartilaginis (Hoffman, Putz, And Dunbar, 1965)*, Glenn L. Hoffman, Jiří Lom

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The spore of Myxosoma cerebralis is redescribed and compared with that of a close relative, M. cartilaginis. M. cerebralis is smaller, with greater variability in size and shape. It possesses a mucous envelope whereas M. cartilaginis does not. The surface architecture of M. cerebralis, as seen with the scanning electron microscope, differs in possessing a conspicuous circumsutural groove, prominent polar filament pores, and a mucous envelope.

Feasibility Study On Nonnative Fish Removal In The Lower Little Colorado River, Pam Sponholtz

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

This section provides insight into the relationship between the proposed action and the Adaptive Management Program goals and objectives, Recovery Goals for the humpback chub, and the Biological Opinion RPAs on Glen Canyon Dam operations.

Bull Trout Salvelinus Confluentus

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Bull trout are members of the char subgroup of the salmon family (salmonids), which also includes the Dolly Varden, lake trout and Arctic char. Bull trout living in streams grow to about 4 pounds while those in lake or large river environments can weigh more than 20 pounds.

Biologists distinguish char from other salmonids such as trout and salmon by
the absence of teeth in the roof of the mouth, the presence of light-colored spots on a dark background (trout and salmon have dark spots on a lighter background), the absence of spots on the dorsal fin, their …

Vitamin B12 Requirement For Weanling Pigs, Sara S. Blodgett, Phillip S. Miller, Robert L. Fischer

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to further define the vitamin B₁₂ requirement of the 11- to 44- lb pig. Pigs (initial weight 11.20 lb) were fed one of six diets for a total of 35 days: 1)Negative control, common nursery diet with no added vitamin B₁₂; 2) IX, common nursery diet with the addition of 100% the 1998 NRC-requirement for the 11- to 22- lb pig for vitamin B₁₂ (7.94 µg/lb of diet), 4) 4X, common nursery diet with the addition of 400% the 1998 NRC-requirement for the 11- to 22- lb pig for vitamin B_{12 …}

Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effect we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.

Effect Of A Low Phytate, Nutrient Dense Corn On Pig Performance, Mike Brumm

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of a low phytate, nutrient dense corn variety on pig performance, fecal phosphorus and fecal nitrogen. Experimental treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal diets formulated with purchased yellow corn; 2) similar diets formulated with 500 FTU/kg phytase; 3) diets formulated with a nutrient dense corn variety having a reduced phytic acid, elevated lysine, and higher energy compared to yellow corn; and 4) diets formulated with the nutrient dense corn variety and phytase at 500 FTU/kg to 130 lb BW and blended with yellow corn thereafter based on estimated available phosphorus. There was no …

Agricultural Management Advisory Groups For Pork Producers, Allen Prosch

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pork producers face complex management decisions and they need assistance with this complexity. Pork producers need to increase their awareness of the value of intangible assets such as relationships and knowledge. Pork producers must value, employ, and extract value from the use of intangible assets. Agricultural management advisory services assist producers in extracting vale from the use of intangible assets such as knowledge. Pork producers need to participate in advisory services. Pork producers can use group efforts to effectively create such services. Advisory services can improve the well being of producers by increasing their knowledge of and ability to deal …

Effect Of Post-Cooking Holding Time On Consumer Taste Panel Ratings Of Enhanced Pork Loins, Christian Perversi, Chris R. Calkins, Kent M. Eskridge

Nebraska Swine Reports

Sensory evaluation of food products is a valuable means of learning about their characteristics. Consumer taste panels are regularly used to evaluate properties of meat products such as pork loins. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of post-cooking holding time on the taste panel ratings of enhanced pork. The loins used in this project were enhanced with varying percentages (close to 10%) of solutions containing water, salt, phosphates and natural juices or flavors. The loins came from 10 different suppliers and were served in randomly allotted groups of seven, throughout twenty, one-hour taste panel sessions. The …

The Economic Potential Of Methane Recovery: Projected Impacts Of Various Public-Policy Scenarios, Richard R. Stowell, Christopher G. Henry

Nebraska Swine Reports

Economic analyses were performed on anaerobic digestion of manure from swine finishing operations. The main factors considered were facility size (1,000 head; 3,500 head; and 10,000 head) and method of financial support provided (cost-share program, no-interest loans, tax subsidies, and subsidized electrical sales). Installation of a digester system is a significant investment that is currently very difficult to justify economically to Nebraska producers based upon consideration of currently available income and expense estimates, regardless of facility size. Swine finishing operations looking to invest in this technology would benefit most from a no-interest loan or cost-share program – policies that relate …

Omega-3 Fatty Acids And Swine Reproduction - A Review, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

A literature review was conducted to examine the role dietary omega-3 fatty acids may play in swine reproduction. Omega-3 fatty acids are not normally present to any great extent in practical swine diets, but they are increasingly important in human and pet health. Swine nutritionists have focused primarily on the effect omega-3 fatty acids may have on littler size, piglet preweaning mortality, and boar fertility. Feeding omega-3 fatty acids to sows has not generally improved litter size. Piglet preweaning mortality may be improved by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation provided sows are allowed to farrow naturally (without induction). Boar fertility seems …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2003

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:

Tribute to R. B. “Dick” Warren, A Study in True Grit
From the Department Head’s Desk
Department of Animal Science Loses a Good Friend
Klopfenstein Fund to Benefit Animal Science Students
Faculty Retirement
Awards
Block and Bridle Convention
Block and Bridle Kids Day
Block and Bridle Steak Fry
Spring 2004 Block and Bridle Calendar
Ambassador Activities
Animal Science Overnight Recruits New Students
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Academic Quadrathlon
Deaths
E. coli Research
Nebraska Beef Youth Leadership Symposium Planned
Woman Combines Ag Passion and Writing
Husker Hire Link
Study Tour to Denmark
New Study Abroad Program …

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 2003

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Contents:L

Tribute to R. B. “Dick” Warren, A Study in True Grit
From the Department Head’s Desk
Department of Animal Science Loses a Good Friend
Klopfenstein Fund to Benefit Animal Science Students
Faculty Retirement
Awards
Block and Bridle Convention
Block and Bridle Kids Day
Block and Bridle Steak Fry
Spring 2004 Block and Bridle Calendar
Ambassador Activities
Animal Science Overnight Recruits New Students
Recent Department Awards and Recognitions
Judging Team Activities
Academic Quadrathlon
Deaths
E. coli Research
Nebraska Beef Youth Leadership Symposium Planned
Woman Combines Ag Passion and Writing
Husker Hire Link
Study Tour to Denmark
New Study Abroad Program …

Growth And Carcass Characteristics In Wether Lambs Of A Crossbred Dam Line, A. M. Van Heelsum, R. M. Lewis, M. H. Davies, W. Haresign

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

While crossing of specialized sire and dam breeds can be biologically efficient overall, a by-product is produced in the form of (crossbred) males of the dam line that are unwanted for breeding. In the UK sheep indusiru, most commercial females are first crosses between males of 'longwool' crossing sire breeds, predominantly the Biuefaced Leicester, and females of hill breeds. Genetic improvement of carcass quality in longwool breeds would benefit the surplus F₁males as well asfilter through to tile terminal sire cross lambs produced by the F₁ewes. As afirst step, this paper aims to describe thegrowth and …