Animal Sciences Commons^™

Nebraska Bird Review Whole Issue March 2003 Volume 71 Number 1

Nebraska Bird Review

Table of Contents

Fall Field Report, August-November 2002 Compiled
by W. Ross Silcock ............... 2

Species Accounts ...............6

Newspaper Bird History Of Miles Greenleaf,
An Omaha Newsman by James E. Ducey ...............25

2002 CBC, compiled by Janis Paseka...............31

Identifying Nursery Areas Used By Inner Bay And Oceanic Pink Snapper ( Pagrus Auratus) To The Effect Of Prawn Trawling On Inner Bay Snapper Stocks - Final Report For Frdc Project 2001/061, D. J. Gaughan, Michael J. Moran, Melinda M. Ranaldi, John R. Watling

Fisheries Research Contract Reports

Final Report for FRDC Project 2001/061

Pink snapper (Pagrus auratus) is the main commercial and recreational finfish (Kailola et al., 1993) in the Shark Bay region. Pink snapper are distributed along much of the temperate and tropical coasts of Western Australia from east of Esperance on the south coast to north of Shark Bay on the west (Paulin 1990). Previous research using genetics (Johnson et al. 1986), tagging (Moran et al. 2004), and otolith microchemistry (Edmonds et al., 1989, 1999) have shown that pink snapper from the innermost parts of Shark Bay do not mix with the ocean fish

Juvenile …

A System Dynamics Investigation Of Genetic Drift And Translocation In The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Metapopulation, Jason E. Yates

Theses and Dissertations

The red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) is classified under the Endangered Species Act of 1973 as an endangered species As such, the red-cockaded woodpecker (RCW) is afforded strict protection in an effort to return the RCW population to a self-sustainable level. Endemic to southeastern United States mature pine forests, the presence of the RCW impacts the operations of many Department of Defense (DoD) installations. A particular challenge in sustaining what are often small populations of RCW at these locations is the loss of genetic variation due to genetic drift. The optimal method for mitigating such loss is through the artificial immigration, …

Estimates Of Genetic Parameters And Genetic Change For Reproduction, Weight, And Wool Characteristics Of Targhee Sheep, Kathryn J. Hanford, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. D. Snowder

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Genetic parameters from both single-trait and bivariate analyses for prolificacy, weight, and wool traits were estimated using REML with animal models for Targhee sheep from data collected from 1950 to 1998 at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, Dubois, ID. Breeding values from both single-trait and seven-trait analyses calculated with the parameters estimated from the single-trait and bivariate analyses were compared across years of birth with respect to genetic trends. The numbers of observations were 38,625 for litter size at birth and litter size at weaning, 33,994 for birth weight, 32,715 for weaning weight, 36,807 for fleece weight and fleece grade, …

Temperature Regulation And The Constraints Of Climate In The Eared Grebe, Hugh I. Ellis, Joseph R. Jehl Jr

Biology: Faculty Scholarship

Eared Grebes (Podiceps nigricollis) encounter a variety of climatic regimes in their annual cycle. The most dramatic occur while on staging areas in autumn. We investigated the thermoregulatory abilities of the Eared Grebe to determine how they coped with these climate changes during staging. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) was higher than predicted. Mass-specific BMR was 1.212 mL O2/g·h for birds averaging 317 g. The thermoneutral zone is wide and extended from 15°C to 38°C. Minimal thermal conductance and average body temperature were not unusual. We conclude that Eared Grebes live most of the year under thermoneutral conditions and that …

Kentucky Warbler (Vol. 79, No. 1), Kentucky Library Research Collections

The Kentucky Warbler

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Three Types Of Free-Stall Surfaces On Preferences And Stall Usage By Dairy Cows, Cassandra B. Tucker, Daniel M. Weary, David Fraser

Housing and Confinement of Farm Animals Collection

One important criterion in choosing appropriate housing systems for dairy cattle is that the freestall provides a comfortable surface for the cow. This paper describes two experiments testing the effects of commonly used lying surfaces on stall preference and stall usage by Holstein cows. In both experiments, 12 cows were housed individually in separate pens. Each pen contained three free stalls with a different surface: deep-bedded sawdust, deep-bedded sand, and a geotextile mattress covered with 2 to 3 cm of sawdust. The animals were restricted to each surface in turn, in a random order for either 2 (Experiment 1) or …

Fisheries Statutory Management Authority Inquiry Background Paper, H. G. Brayford

Fisheries Management Papers

The objective of this paper is to provide factual background to the issues that are likely to be relevant to the Advisory Committee’s considerations and to the interests of stakeholders. It also pulls together relevant reference material and experiences from within WA and from other fisheries jurisdictions in Australia.

Genetic Relationships Between Scrotal Circumference And Female Reproductive Traits, G. Martinez-Valezquez, K. E. Gregory, G. L. Bennett, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Records for yearling scrotal circumference (SC; n = 7,580), age at puberty in heifers (AP; n = 5,292), age at first calving (AFC; n = 4,835), and pregnancy, calving, or weaning status following the first breeding season (PR1, CR1, or WR1, respectively; n = 7,003) from 12 Bos taurus breeds collected at the Meat Animal Research Center (USDA) between 1978 and 1991 were used to estimate genetic parameters. Age at puberty (AP) was defined as age in days at first detected ovulatory estrus. Pregnancy (calving or weaning) status was scored as one for females conceiving (calving or weaning) given exposure …

Effects Of Water Quality On Performance And Health Of Growing Steers, Hubert H. Patterson, Patricia S. Johnson, Doug B. Young, Ronald Haigh

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

Water available to livestock in western South Dakota is often high in total dissolved solids (TDS) and sulfates. Eighty-one crossbred, yearling steers (700 lb) were used to determine the effects of TDS and/or sulfates in water on cattle performance and health. Cattle were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (6-7 steers/pen). Pens were randomly assigned to one of four treatments (three pens/treatment) based on supplied water: 1) rural water (RW; 1,019 ppm TDS; 404 ppm sulfates, 2) well water (WW; 4,835 ppm TDS; 3,087 ppm sulfates), 3) dam water (DW; 6,191 ppm TDS; 3,947 ppm …

Effects Of Diets Containing Soybean Hulls Or Rolled Corn On The Performance And Mineral Status Of Newly Received Calves, Howard M. Blalock, Robbi H. Pritchard, William Epperson

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of soybean hulls as an energy source for newly received feeder calves and their effects on ADG, DMI, gain/feed (G/F), morbidity rate and mineral status. Steers from a single source were blocked into previously weaned (PW; n = 63; BW = 265 ± 2.9 kg) and non-weaned (NW; n = 92; BW = 264 ± 2.4 kg) groups, then allotted to one of two dietary treatment groups. Diets consisted of either rolled corn (CRN) or soybean hulls (SBH), and oat silage and vitamin/mineral supplements. Liver biopsies and blood samples were …

The Effects Of Trace Mineral Inclusion Management On The Performance And Mineral Status Of Newly Recwived Feeder Calves, Howard M. Blalock, Robbi H. Pritchard, William Epperson

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of trace mineral inclusion management on the performance and mineral status of newly received feeder calves. Steers from 2 pastures at a single ranch in Western South Dakota blocked into non-implanted (NI; n = 64; BW = 240 kg), May implanted (MI; n = 64; BW 252 kg;) and August implanted (AI; n = 66; BW = 248 kg;) groups, then allotted to one of two treatment groups. Treatments consisted of either: a pelleted supplement fed at a fixed amount to meet the gram / daily requirement (GDR) of Cu …

Feeding Value Of Rolled And Whole Shelled Waxy Corn In Finishing Diets, Robbi H. Pritchard, Kelly W. Bruns

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

Waxy corn in rolled or whole shelled form was compared with rolled normal corn in finishing diets for cattle. Steers (n = 144; initial BW = 765 lb) were allocated to 18 pens and fed these three grain types in a 123 d experiment. The waxy corn was a sole source grain that tested >99% pure waxy endosperm. The normal rolled was acquired as needed through a commercial elevator. Diets contained 78% grain as NR) normal rolled; WR) waxy rolled; or WW) waxy whole grain. Diet had no effect on DMI and there were no differences for production variables between …

A Comparison Of Lifetime Implant Strategies For Beef Steers, Robbi H. Pritchard, Kelly W. Bruns, Donald L. Boggs

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

Lifetime implant strategies were developed and applied to steer calves. The design was intended for evaluating strategies rather than specific implants. Strategies involving increasing potency of products used at common stages of production. Initial implants were administered when calves were approximately 2 mo of age. Implants did not increase BW at weaning or after backgrounding (P > 0.10) although they did increase ADG 5% over non-implanted controls during backgrounding (P < 0.05). The influence of implants on ADG was more pronounced during the finishing phase of production. Implants increased (P < 0.05) finishing phase ADG 18%, DMI 7.2%, and feed efficiency 9.4%. Overall post-weaning ADG increased 12% (P < 0.05) due to implants. Performance results changed when evaluating data on a live versus carcass weight basis due to differences in dressing percent. Increasing potency of the implant strategies caused progressive increases (P < 0.05) in carcass weight and ribeye area. Implanted steers produced fatter carcasses than did non-implanted steers (P < 0.05). There were no advances in skeletal or lean maturity attributable to the potency of the implant strategy. The frequency of carcasses grading Average Choice or better declined with implants. Implant strategies had no relevant influence on shear force. Overall, 12% of carcasses had a shear force > 5.0 kg (undesirable).

Sorting Cattle - A Review, Kelly W. Bruns, Robbi H. Pritchard

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

The purpose of this report is to review the most current concepts of sorting cattle. The reader should be aware that individual feedlot programs and markets will dictate the involvement and extent of sorting and its usefulness.

Characterization Of The Beef Cow-Calf Enterprise Of The Northern Great Plains, Barry Dunn, Edward Hamilton, Dick Pruitt

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

One hundred eighty five privately owned and operated cow-calf enterprises provided production data on their beef cow-calf operations. 0ne hundred and forty eight of those also provided financial information on a modified cost basis. The enterprises were located in the states of South Dakota, Nebraska, Montana, Minnesota, Iowa, Kansas, Wyoming, and North Dakota. The data were collected at the herd level according to Standardized Performance Analysis (SPA) guidelines during the years 1991-1999. By industry standards these operations were large, averaging just over 11,000 acres and 500 beginning year breeding females. They began calving approximately March 1st,, had an average 93% …

Models With Cytoplasmic Effects For Birth, Weaning, And Fleece Weights, And Litter Size At Birth For A Population Of Targhee Sheep, L. Dale Van Vleck, G. D. Snowder, Kathryn J. Hanford

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Fifteen models were compared for the birth weight of 33,994 lambs recorded at the U.S. Sheep Experimental Station (1950 to 1998). The initial intent was to estimate fractions of variance due to cytoplasmic line (c²; n = 892) and sire by cytoplasmic line interaction (sc²; n = 17,557). The basic model included direct genetic (fractional variance, a²; n = 35,684), maternal genetic (m2, with correlation r-am), and maternal permanent environmental (p²; n = 8,418) effects. The model with sc² was significantly better than the basic model with and without c2. When …

Correlated Response In Placental Efficiency In Swine Selected For An Index Of Components Of Litter Size, H. Mesa, T. J. Safranski, R. K. Johnson, W. R. Lamberson

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to evaluate correlated response in placental efficiency to selection for components of litter size. Fourteen generations of selection had resulted in a difference between lines of three fully formed piglets at birth. Gilts from a line selected for an index of components of litter size (S, n =33) and a randomly selected control (C, n =27) were observed at farrowing. At delivery, the umbilical cord of each piglet was double tagged with identically numbered mouse ear tags to allow the piglet’s weight to be matched to the corresponding placental weight. Litter size, placental weight, …

Increasing The Value Of The Round And Sirloin Through Pre-Rigo Skeletal Separations, Bruce C. Shanks, Duane M. Wulf, Brian J. Reuter, Robert J. Maddock

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

Thirty crossbred steers were utilized to explore and compare tenderness improvements in beef round and sirloin muscles resulting from various methods of pre-rigor skeletal separations. Animals were slaughtered according to industry procedures and at 60 min postmortem one of six treatments were randomly applied to each side: A) control, B) saw pelvis at the sirloin-round junction, C) separate the pelvic-femur joint, D) saw femur at mid-point, E) combination of B and C, and F) combination of B and D. After 48-h, the following muscles were excised from each side: semimembranosis (SM), biceps femoris (BF-R), semitendinosis (ST), and adductor (AD) from …

Sdsu Cow-Calf Teaching And Research Unit, Dick Pruitt, Kevin Vanderwal, Anna Drew

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

The SDSU Cow/Calf Teaching and Research Unit serves as a resource for teaching, research, extension and student organizations. In addition to use in the classroom, cattle are used for the annual SDSU Little International, Block & Bridle activities, field days, and numerous 4-H, FFA, and other educational events. Recent research projects at the Unit include studies on estrus synchronization, winter supplementation, and absorption of colostrum. For teaching purposes, cattle that vary in calving ease, growth rate, mature size, and maternal value are maintained. It is not feasible to maintain all of the breeds that are important in this region. The …

Characteristics Of Cressbred Progeny Of Holstein Dams Sired By Different Beef Breeds: A Review, Bruce C. Shanks

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

Excellent reviews of cattle breed comparisons or breed-cross comparisons have been previously reported by Franke (1980), Long (1980), and Marshall (1994). However, these reviews do not contain information on the calving ease, performance, carcass characteristics, or beef palatability of crossbred progeny of Holstein dams sired by different beef breeds. In many countries dairy females are commonly mated to beef sires; however, in the United States the use of this practice is somewhat limited. Nevertheless, some United States dairy production schemes utilize beef sires on surplus Holstein heifers and cows. Also, some large commercial dairy operations purchase replacement heifers from outside …

Associations Of A Leptin Gene Polymorphism With Beef Carcass Traits, Chad D. Bierman, Donald M. Marshall, Emilie Campbell, Nels H. Granholm

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

The objective was to evaluate associations of leptin genotype with fat and muscle traits in cattle. A single nucleotide polymorphism located in exon 2 of the leptin gene in cattle codes for an amino acid change from arginine (R) to cysteine (C). Genotypes for the polymorphism were determined on 492 crossbred calves by AciI digestion of amplified PCR product (C allele: 130bp; R allele: 73bp and 57bp). Data were analyzed by least-squares, accounting for effects of genotype, sex, year, location, breed-type, and calf sire. Genotype was not significantly associated with carcass weight or ribeye area in any of the analyses. …

A Preliminary Assessment Of Lung Lesion Distribution In Fed Cattle, William B. Epperson

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

The objectives of this research were to describe the lobar location of lung lesions and determine diagnostic sensitivity of lung lesion detection when only a portion of lobes are evaluated.

A Retrospective Case Study Implicating Foster Calves In A Calf Diarrhea Epidemic, William B. Epperson

South Dakota Beef Report, 2003

This report is a retrospective case study of a herd that experienced a severe calf scours epidemic in 2000. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors at work in this epidemic.

Effect Of Pore Size And Temperature On The Factionation Of Buttermilk Using Microfiltration, Pierre Morin, Rafael Jiménez-Flores, Yves Pouliot

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

Cheeses From Different Countries Of Latino America, V. Alvarez, Rafael Jiménez-Flores

Dairy Science

Abstract of paper presented at the 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the American Dairy Science Association & the American Society of Animal Science.

Incorporating Local Knowledge Into Population And Habitat Viability Assessments: Landowners And Tree Kangaroos In Papua New Guinea, Philip J. Nyhus, J Williams, J Borovansky, O Byers, P Miller

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Taking The Bite Out Of Wildlife Damage: The Challenges Of Wildlife Compensation Schemes, Philip J. Nyhus, Hank Fisher, Steve Osofsky, Francine Madden

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Dangerous Animals In Captivity: Ex Situ Tiger Conflict And Implication For Private Ownership Of Exotic Animals, Philip J. Nyhus, Ronald L. Tilson, J L. Tomlinson

Faculty Scholarship

The risks associated with tiger attacks on people in the wild are well documented. There may currently be more tigers in captivity than in the wild, but relatively little is known about the risks of injury or death associated with owning and managing captive tigers and other large carnivores. The purpose of this study was to conduct a global assessment of attacks by captive tigers on people, with particular emphasis on cases in the United States. Our analysis of 30 international media sources and additional documents uncovered 59 unique incidents in 1998-2001 in which people were reportedly injured or killed …

Age And Growth Estimates Of The Winter Skate (Leucoraja Ocellata) In The Western Gulf Of Maine, James A. Sulikowski, Michael D. Morin, Seung H. Suk, William Huntting Howell

Biological Sciences

The northwest Atlantic population of thorny skates (Amblyraja radiata) inhabits an area that ranges from Greenland and Hudson Bay, Canada, to South Carolina. Despite such a wide range, very little is known about most aspects of the biology of this species. Recent stock assessment studies in the northeast United States indicate that the biomass of the thorny skate is below the threshold levels mandated by the Sustainable Fisheries Act. In order to gain insight into the life history of this skate, we estimated age and growth for thorny skates, using vertebral band counts from 224 individuals ranging in size from …