Animal Sciences Commons^™

Protein Evaluation Of Porcine Meat And Bone Meal Products, Tony Scott, Ryan Mass, Casey Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Thirteen commercially available porcine meat and bone meal products from both independent renderers and commercial packing plants were evaluated in a lamb-digestion study for the following variables: crude protein, undegradable intake protein, metabolizable protein, apparent nitrogen digestibility and true nitrogen digestibility. As a whole, the products varied widely with respect to all of the variables measured with the exception of apparent nitrogen digestibility, indicating that feeding value of commercially available meat and bone meal products also varies widely, although all of the products tested had acceptable protein digestibilities.

Influence Of Diet On Total And Acid Resistant E. Coli And Colonic Ph, Tony Scott, Casey Wilson, Doreen Bailey, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Todd Milton, Rodney A. Moxley, David R. Smith, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Nine steers were fed finishing diets in a replicated 3x3 Latin square design to determine if dietary manipulation would alter total and acid resistant E. coli populations. Manipulating diet by limit-feeding of finishing diets did not affect total or acid-resistant E. coli populations. Altering dietary ingredients did not affect total E. coli populations; however, steers fed diets containing dry-rolled or high-moisture corn had lower acid-resistant E. coli populations. Following completion of the Latin Square, all animals were fed alfalfa hay ad libitum for five days. Switching steers to alfalfa hay lowered both total and acid-resistant E. coli populations.

Effects Of Programmed Gain Feeding Strategies On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers, Tony Scott, Todd Milton, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Terry L. Mader, Simone Holt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Two hundred forty-five crossbred yearling steers were used in a randomized complete block design to determine effects of including a programmed gain phase in the feeding period on performance and carcass characteristics. Including a programmed gain phase in the finishing period resulted in similar cumulative daily gains and feed conversions when compared with steers allowed to consume feed ad libitum. Programming gain reduced the total amount of feed consumed per animal; however, the lack of an improvement in feed conversion coupled with slight numerical differences in hot carcass weights resulted in net profits favoring ad libitum feeding.

The Effect Of V-Max® On Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Cattle Fed Corn And Corn By-Product Finishing Diets, Tony Scott, Todd Milton, Bill Dicke, Pete Poppert, Larry Hollis

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Seven hundred sixty-two crossbred steers were used in a feedlot trial to determine the effect of V-Max® on performance, carcass characteristics, and the incidence and severity of liver abscesses. Finishing diets included either V-max® or the combination of Rumensin® and Tylan®. Performance was not different between the two treatments; however, including V-max® in the diet resulted in an increased incidence and severity of liver abscesses. Numbers of steers with small abscesses were similar between treatments; however, moderate and severe liver abscesses were increased in steers fed V-Max® compared to steers fed the combination of Rumensin® and Tylan®.

Cleaning Coliform Bacteria From Feedlot Water Tanks, David R. Smith, Todd Milton, Rodney A. Moxley, Jeff Gray, Laura Hungerford, Doreen Bailey, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Three methods of physically or chemically cleaning feedlot water tanks were tested for their ability to reduce amounts of coliform bacteria in the water and biofilm during the summer months. Draining and refilling or draining, scrubbing and refilling water tanks did not reduce coliform bacteria in water or biofilm. Coliform bacteria in water and biofilm were reduced 99% and 99.9%, respectively, after draining, scrubbing and 15 minutes of chemical disinfection with chlorine bleach and refilling. However, coliforms returned to pretreatment levels 24 to 48 hours after treatment if cattle continued to drink from the tanks.

Escape Protein Supplementation Of Yearling Steers And Summer Born Calves On Native Sandhills Range, Casey Wilson, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Don C. Adams

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of escape protein supplementation on pasture gains and subsequent finishing performance of cross-bred yearling steers and summer-born calves. Yearling steers and calves were assigned to one of two summer treatments: escape protein supplement or unsupplemented control. Escape protein supplementation improved pasture gains in supplemented steers and calves. Forage dry matter intake during summer grazing was lower for supplemented than unsupplemented steers and calves. Improved gains on range from escape protein were maintained in the feedlot by summer-born calves but not yearling steers.

Effects Of Length Of Grain Feeding And Backgrounding Programs On Beef Carcass Characteristics, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rob Cooper, D. J. Jordon, Drew Shain, Todd Milton, Chris R. Calkins, Carlo Rossi

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Data from 534 cattle serially slaughtered indicate percentages of carcasses grading Choice increased 30 + 2.4 percentage units for each .1 in increase in rib fat. Marbling score increased 75 units (200 = Slight00) for each .1 in increase in fat. If cattle are fed to a common rib fat endpoint, and within the ranges of winter (.51-1.35 lb/day) and summer gains (1.26-1.85 lb/day) studied, we conclude backgrounding program has little or no effect on marbling or carcass quality grade. Also, systems that increase age of cattle will reduce tenderness, but if meat is cooked properly, risk of tough steaks …

The Use Of Animals In Higher Education: Problems, Alternatives, & Recommendations, Jonathan Balcombe

eBooks

Despite recent advances in technology and increasing societal concern for animals, animals continue to be exploited and killed in large numbers so that students can learn about their structure and function. Dissection may not be without its merits from an educational standpoint, if well implemented, but it appears from student surveys that it usually is not. When one considers the associated costs—animal suffering and death in the supply trade, disruption of wild animal populations, messages that tend to undermine rather than reinforce respect for life and concern for others, rising costs of animal carcasses (as compared with alternatives with longer …

The Mayfly Newsletter, Peter M. Grant

The Mayfly Newsletter

The Mayfly Newsletter is the official newsletter of the Permanent Committee of the International Conferences on Ephemeroptera.

Review Of The Breeding Status Of Pinyon Jay In Nebraska, Wayne J. Mollhoff

Nebraska Bird Review

The Rev. J,M. Bates (1900) was the first tQ suggest breeding by Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) in Nebraska when he reported, "Breeding at Holly, Sheridan Co., north of Rushville, July 15, '97." While he gave us no indication of what he saw, the date cited in the report, 15 July, should raise a cautionary flag, since by that date the young are normally 2 months past fledging and would be free-flying and moving about with the flock.

In discussing birds which breed in the state, Bruner (1901) placed the species in Part II of the list, along with …

Tufted Duck At Lake Ogallala: First Record For Nebraska, Stephen J. Dinsmore

Nebraska Bird Review

On 2 December 1999, I was birding at the east end of Lake Ogallala in Keith County. I was scanning the large diving duck flock just above the Keystone diversion dam when I noticed a scaup-like duck with a thin crest. I quickly realized that the bird was a male Tufted Duck. I carefully studied the, bird from 9:32-10:28 a.m. The bird spent all of its time actively foraging with a large flock of Greater and Lesser Scaup. It was approximately the same size as a Lesser Scaup. The head shape was rounded like a scaup, not "peaked" like a …

Yellow-Billed Loon At Lake Mcconaughy, Stephen J. Dinsmore, Joel G. Jorgensen

Nebraska Bird Review

On 8 August 1998 we observed a Yellow-billed loon (Gavia adamsii) at lake McConaughy in Keith County, Nebraska. We arrived at the pull-off on the south end of the dam at 6:25 p.m. and soon spotted a distant loon off the dam. On the basis of the yellow bill, head pattern, and large size, we concluded the bird was a Yellow-billed loon. We studied the bird until 7:33 p.m. and again from 9:03-9:45 a.m. on 9 August. Compared to a Common loon, this bird was huge and large-headed. The neck was very thick with an almost puffy appearance. …

Index To Volume 68

Nebraska Bird Review

Index

An Examination Of The Impact Of Moon Phase On Catch Rates Of The Western Rock Lobster, Petra Roberts

Theses : Honours

The western rock lobster is the most valuable single-species fishery in Australia returning a commercial value of around $250 million annually. This fishery is considered fully exploited and requires careful management to ensure a viable and sustainable fishery. Scientists at Marine Research Laboratory, Western Australia have already built detailed computer models of the lobster fishery and further research is required to continuously update and refine these models to provide an accurate picture of the fishery. One area of interest that could improve this model is the impact of the moon phase, if any, on the daily catch rates of the …

Genetic Improvement Of The Horse, T. Arnason, L. Dale Van Vleck

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Table of Contents:

Breeding Goals
• General formulation of breeding objectives
• Racing horses
• Riding horses
• Other horse breeds
Genetic Evaluations
• Genetic Background and basic theory
• BLUP – the current standard method for obtaining EBV
• BLUP with the animal model – an effective tool for genetic evaluation of stallions and mares
• Applications of BLUP for genetic improvement of horses
• Use of non-additive genetic effects in horse breeding
Selection – Genetic Response
• Factors determining genetic progress
• Observed genetic progress in several horse populations
• Effects of selection on genetic variation and long-term …

Effect Of Dietary Concentration Of Metabolizable Lysine On Finishing Cattle Performance, M. J. Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Rick Stock, Austin Lewis, D. W. Herold

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A finishing trial and a metabolism trial were conducted to determine the effect of supplemental metabolizable Lys level on finishing calf performance and to estimate the metabolizable Lys requirement of finishing calves. The finishing trial included 60 individually fed crossbred beef steer calves (237 kg; SD = 20 kg) supplemented with either incremental amounts of rumen-protected Lys and Met, or Met alone. Addition of Lys and Met improved gains and efficiencies (quadratic; P < .02) during the first 56 d. There was no response to supplemental Met alone, suggesting that supplemental Lys rather than Met was responsible for the improvement in performance. Using nonlinear analyses to compare gain relative to supplemental Lys intake, maximum gain was determined to be 2.10 kg/ d, or .27 kg/d above the zero Lys control, at a supplemental Lys intake of 2.56 g/d. Steers supplemented with 3 and 4 g of Lys had a weight advantage over the control steers of 16 kg at 56 d and 32 kg at the end of the 161- d trial. However, there were no statistical responses to Lys or Met during any periods after 56 d. During a separate metabolism trial, four steers fed the control finishing diet were slaughtered, and abomasal contents were collected for amino acid analyses. The predicted (Level 1 NRC, 1996) metabolizable protein flow to the abomasum for the control diet was 715 g/d, and the predicted Lys flow was 37.9 g/d. A supplemental Lys intake of 2.56 g/d would increase the Lys flow to 40.5 g/d. Feedlot diets low in ruminal escape protein may be deficient in metabolizable Lys, especially early in the feeding period. The metabolizable Lys requirement of steer calves gaining 2.10 kg/d is estimated to be 40.5 g/d.

Role Of Neurotropins In Rat Embryonic Testis Morphogenesis (Cord Formation), Elena Levine, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The process of seminiferous cord formation is the first morphological event that differentiates a testis from an ovary and indicates male sex determination. Cord formation occurs by embryonic Day 14 (Day 0 5 plug date; E14) in the rat. A series of experiments were conducted to determine if neurotropins and their receptors are important for the process of rat embryonic cord formation. The expression of low affinity neurotropin receptor (p75/LNGFR) was determined by immunohistochemistry on sections of both testis and ovary from E13 through birth (Day 0, P0) with an antibody to p75/LNGFR. The staining for p75/ LNGFR was present …

Designing And Conducting Experiments For Range Beef Cows, Don C. Adams, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Walter H. Schacht, Richard T. Clark

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Designing and conducting effective research for range beef systems involves analysis of intended application of the results, identification of factors affecting variation, and selection of appropriate research methods so that precise inferences can be made. Variances associated with time, location, animal, and error in grazing research can be high. Variation due to treatment × location and treatment × time interactions is reduced by increasing the number of locations and periods tested. Random error is reduced by increasing the total number of observations. Animals, pastures, and weather are significant sources of variation in grazing studies. Factors that influence nutrient requirements or …

Evaluation Of Feather Meal As A Source Of Sulfur Amino Acids For Growing Steers, M. J. Klemesurd, Terry Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

In situ and digestion studies were conducted to evaluate feather meal (FTH), blood meal (BM), and meat and bone meal (MBM) for escape protein content, amino acid composition of the escape protein, true protein digestibility, and digestibility of the individual amino acids. Following 12 h of ruminal incubation, escape protein values were 73.5, 92.4, and 60.8% of CP for FTH, BM, and MBM, respectively. Blood meal and MBM were poor sources of sulfur amino acids (SAA), whereas FTH was a good source. Most of the SAA of FTH, however, was Cys, with very little Met. True protein digestibilities were not …

Metabolizable Methionine And Lysine Requirements Of Growing Cattle, M. J. Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Two growth studies were conducted to determine the Met and Lys requirements of growing cattle. In each 84-d trial, steer calves were fed individually diets containing 44% sorghum silage, 44% corn cobs, and 12% supplement (DM basis) at an equal percentage of BW. In Trial 1, 95 crossbred steers (251 kg) were supplemented with urea or meat and bone meal (MBM). Incremental amounts of rumen-protected Met were added to MBM to provide 0, .45, .9, 1.35, 3, and 6 g/d metabolizable Met. In Trial 2, 60 steers (210 kg) were supplemented with urea or corn gluten meal (CGM). Incremental amounts …

Interactions Between Forage And Wet Corn Gluten Feed As Sources Of Fiber In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows, D. M. Allen, R. J. Grant

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Twelve early lactation Holstein cows (4 fistulated) were used in replicated 4 × 4 Latin squares with 4-wk periods to determine the effective neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of wet corn gluten feed and to measure the effect of forage particle size on ruminal mat consistency and passage rate of wet corn gluten feed. Diets were 1) 23.3% NDF (17.4 percentage units of NDF from alfalfa silage), 2) diet 1 plus 11.1 additional percentage units of NDF from alfalfa silage, 3) diet 1 plus 10.7 percentage units of NDF from wet corn gluten feed, and 4) 8.6 percentage units of …

Heritability Of Clinical Mastitis Incidence And Relationships With Sire Transmitting Abilities For Somatic Cell Score, Udder Type Traits, Productive Life, And Protein Yield, D. L. Nash, G. W. Rogers, J. B. Cooper, G. L. Hargrove, Jeffrey F. Keown, L. B. Hansen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the relationships among daughter clinical mastitis during first and second lactations and sire transmitting abilities for somatic cell score, udder type traits, productive life, and protein yield. Data on clinical mastitis during first lactation were available for 1795 daughters (in six Pennsylvania herds, one Minnesota herd, and one Nebraska herd) of 283 Holstein sires. Data on clinical mastitis during second lactation were available for 1055 of these daughters. A total of 479 cows had 864 clinical episodes during first lactation, and 230 cows had 384 clinical episodes during second lactation. Clinical mastitis …

Comparison Of Plasma Fsh Concentration In Boars And Gilts From Lines Selected For Ovulation Rate And Embryonal Survival, And Litter Size And Estimation Of (Co)Variance Components For Fsh And Ovulation Rate, J. D. Cassady, Rodger K. Dennison, J. J. Ford

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this research was to determine whether plasma concentration of FSH was genetically correlated with ovulation rate and thus was a useful trait for indirect selection. Blood samples were collected from 619 animals from five lines of pigs. Line I was selected for increased index of ovulation rate and embryonal survival, and Line C was its randomly selected control. Pigs sampled from Lines I and C were from generations 12 and 13. Pigs from three additional lines that were derived from eighth-generation pigs of Lines I and C also were used. These lines were Line C2, a randomly …

Mortality Of Adult White-Tailed Deer On Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, Gregory G. Humphreys, Thomas A. Nelson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We conducted a telemetry study on Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, to estimate the extent, timing, and causes of mortality among resident adult white-tailed deer {Odocoileus virginianus). Twenty-seven deer were captured, radio-collared and monitored for 1 yr to assess seasonal mortality. Annual mortality rates differed considerably between sexes, with males exhibiting a much higher rate (86.1%) than females (5.3%). The primary causes of death among males were poaching, predation by coyotes, and legal harvest. Legal harvest by a gun-hunter accounted for the only female mortality. No mortalities were attributed to military exercises, which occurred frequently on the study area. Our results suggest …

Feeding Relationship Between Two Synoptic, Morphologically Similar Fishes, The Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia Affinis) And The Blackspotted Topminnow (Fundulus Olivaceus), Allyson R. Neely, Edmund J. Pert

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We sampled fish during the summer of 1999, in Caney Bayou on the campus of the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Jefferson County, in order to study the feeding relationship between the western mosquitofish (Gambusia ajfinis) and the blackspotted topminnow (Fundulus olivaceus). We identified and enumerated the diet items of 56 blackspotted topminnows and 28 mosquitofish that were captured using electroshocking, seining, and dipnetting. Pooled diet items for each species were analyzed using a variety of approaches: percent of diet composition, frequency of occurrence, Levins' measure of diet breadth, and Morisita's measure of diet overlap. Twenty-one percent of mosquitofish …

Record Of The Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser Fulvescens Rafinesque, From The Caddo River (Ouachita River Drainage), Arkansas, Betty G. Crump, Henry W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

First Record Of The Subterranean Amphipod Crustacean Allocrangonyx Hubrichti (Allocragonyctidae) In Arkansas, Henry W. Robison, John R. Holsinger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Predator Chemical Cues And Conspecific Alarm Signals Upon Behavior In Early And Late Developmental Stages Of American Toad (Bufo Americanus) Tadpoles, Carol Lynette Johnson

Masters Theses

The chemosensory capability and subsequent habitat choice of larval American toad (Bufo americanus) tadpoles were quantified using choice of refuge with both early and late developmental stages. Treatments were performed with two tadpole densities to ascertain the effect of social aggregations upon behavior. Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and predaceous diving beetle larvae (Dytiscus sp.) predators were used to condition water. Conspecific tadpoles as well as Southern leopard frog (Rana sphenocephala) tadpoles were used to prepare treatment extracts.

Tadpole density (n=10 and n=20) had no significant effect upon the percentage of tadpoles seeking cover …

Discovery: The Student Journal Of Dale Bumpers College Of Agricultural, Food And Life Sciences - Volume 1 2000, Several Authors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.

Contents, Discovery Editors

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

No abstract provided.