Animal Sciences Commons^™

Dermal Efficacy Of Bendiocarb On Mammals, Used For Mosquito Control In Çukurova, Ayfer Pazarbaşi, Mülki̇ye Kasap, Hali̇l Kasap

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Inhibitory effect of bendiocarb on serum and whole blood cholinesterase activities of rats was investigated in laboratory conditions, bendiocarb a carbamate insecticide, was applied dermally to the rats. The concentrations of insecticide (80% WP) were choosen in accordance with the spray dosages used for mosquito control and the LD_{50} dermal dosages for rats. In vitro inhibition of serum cholinesterase activity was determined by using technical bendiocarb in the same dermal dosages. Both in vitro and in vivo dermal studies showed that there is a negative correlation between bendiocarb (80% WP) concentrations and enzyme activities. Application of one dose of bendiocarb …

The Electron Microscopic Structures Of The Two Ciliated Species Living Endocommensally In The Digestive System Of Rana Ridibunda (Amphibia-Anura), Naci̇ye Gülkiz Şenler, Ni̇met Öktem

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study ultrastructures of Balantidium elongatum and B.duodeni obtained from the digestive system of Rana ridibunda have been examined. In addition to the kinetodesmal fibril and microtubular fibrils orijinating from each kinetosome, a vacuolar zone, microtubular bundles and other cytoplasmic structures have been described by electron microscopy.

Histological Investigation Of Gonad Development Of Chalcalburnus Tarichi (P., 1811), Güler Ünal, Osman Çeti̇nkaya, Mahmut Elp

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, gonad development of Chalcalburnus tarichi, an anadromus, endemic fish species of the Lake Van and its inlets was histologically investigated. During oogenesis, six different development phases were histologically identified: chromatin-nucleolus, perinuclear, cortical alveolar, vitellogenic, ripening and ovulation phases. The diameters of oocytes were determined between 31 to 957 µm until the ovulation phase. According to the investigated sepcimens, vitellogenic phase started onward October and first ovulation was taken place in May-June 36 months and older females. It was found that some unspawned ova remained and formed atretic follicles in ovary after ovulation. Three different development phases were …

Changes In The Total And Free Amino Acid Composition In African Catfish ( Clarias Gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Larvae, Abdurrahman Polat

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, changes in amino acid composition of egg, larvae and larvae tissue which was separated from yolk sac mass of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) during yolk sac stage and starving larvae were investigated. In the yolk sac period, there was no change of each amino acid amounts (g/100 g dry matter) in larvae tissue in spite of conspicuous changes were determined in whole larvae amino acid amounts such as leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine and serine. It was evaluated that these amino acids were used preferentially by larvae. A/E reference was calculated for larval feed formulation. A …

A Study On The Activities Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase And 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Enzymes In Some Spalax Populations, H. Ramazan Yilmaz, Eşref Yüksel

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The purpose in planing this investigation was to contribute to the speciation problems in genus Spalax. For this, we examined the activities of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (6-PGD) enzymes from the liver of Spalax samples taken from both sides of river Euphrates. The samples belonging to genus Spalax were separated into two populationsin the research area. The spesific activities of G-6-PD and 6-PGD enzymes were measured at 0.01 level of significance. The results were given in a table. The observed differences between the mean specific activities of te enzymes of the two populatons were discussed.

Colony Initiation Of Bumble Bee Queens (B. Terrestris) And Colony Development In Captivity, Fehmi̇ Gürel, Yakup Efendi̇, Sali̇m Mutaf

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This experiment was conducted to determine breeding techniques, colony foundation rate, colony and worker development in the laboratory of field-collected Bombus terrestris queens. One hundred and sixty-seven naturally mated queens were captured from the Aegean region in autumn. The queens were individually in cages at 28-30°C and 50-60 % R.H. in the dark. Every 2-3 days, sugar solution (50 %) and pollen paste were supplied and 4-5 young honeybees were added to the cages. When the first bumble bee workers emerged, the colony was transferred to a large ventilated box with two compartments. During the trial the nest foundation rate, …

Growth And Mortality Of Mussels ( Mytilus Edulisl.) Reared Inlantern Nets In Loch Kishorn, Scotland, Sedat Karayücel, Ismi̇han Karayücel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

One-year old rope grown mussels ( Mytilus edulis L.) were held in experimental lantern nets at 2 m and 6 m depths in Loch Kishorn on the west coast of Scotland. Growth, mortality and shell morphology were monitored from May 1993 to August 1994. Water temperature, salinity, transparency and food availability were also determined. These showed a clear seasonal cycle, in consequence, growth of mussels was relatively rapid from May to November and very slow during the rest of the year. Depth had a insignificant effect on shell length and tissue growth (P>0.05) due to similar environmental factors. Shell …

Sources Of Variation And Repeatability For Litter Size, Body Weight And Matured Performance Of Awassi Ewes, Saad Ibrahim Said, M. M. Muwalla, J. P. Hanrahan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objectives of this study were to investigate the environmental factors influencing litter size and postpartum ewe live weight and to estimate the repeatability for these traits and for pre-weaning growth rate in Awassi breed. Least squares means for litter size and ewe body weight were 1.08 and 57.6 kg, respectively. Repeatability estimated by the intraclass correlation method was 0.03, 0.46 and 0.26 for litter size, ewe body weight and pre-weaning growth rate, respectively. Year-month and age of ewe showed highly significant effect on all the traits. It was concluded that selection for litter size should be based not only …

Effect Of Alcohol Treatment On In Situ Degradabilities Of Some Protein Sources, B. Zehra Sariçi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effect of alcohol treatment on in situ degradabilities of some protein sources. While the dry matter degradabilities (DMP) of hazelnut kernel oil meal (HKOM), soybean meal (SBM), sunflower meal (SM) and full-fat soy (FFS) for 24 hour incubation period were found to be 86.06, 86.01, 70.66 and 70.21 %, the corresponding values for alcohol treatment were 74.63, 79.41, 61.26 and 63.41%, respectively. For the same incubation period rumen organic matter degradabilities (OMD) of untreated feeds and alcohol treated feeds were found to be 85.20, 90.32, 70.96, 71.29 % and 75.61, 72.24, 62.54 and …

Parafilariosis In Cattle In Malatya And Environs, Cem Ecmel Şaki̇, Murat Sevgi̇li̇, Edi̇p Özer

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted in cattle on Malatya and environs. A total of 432 cattle were clinically examined for cattle parafilariosis. Cattle parafilariosis was clinically diagnosed in 22 cattle in August 1995, six cattle in September 1995, two cattle in July 1996, one cattle in August 1996, and one cattle in August 1997. Thirty-two out of 432 cattle (7.4%) were diagnosed as having the disease. Upon the microscopic examination of blood samples from wounds, 18 microfilariae were found whereas no eggs were found in 10 cattle. The disease was more widespread in 1-2 year-old cattle (46.8%) and females (68.7%) than …

1999 Nebraska Central Mixedgrass Prairie Rapid Ecological Assessment, Mike Bullerman

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This document has been prepared in partial fulfillment of the 1999 Central Mixedgrass Prairie ecoregion [CMGP] Rapid Ecological Assessment [REA] contract between the Nebraska Chapter of The Nature Conservancy [TNC] and Michael J. Bullerman [“contractor”]. The contract provided for the survey of selected untilled landscapes within the Nebraska portion of the CMGP ecoregion, excluding the Sandhills. The objectives of this study were to:

1) Identify relatively intact CMGP landscapes within the state of Nebraska,

2) Determine the ecological condition, threats, unique features, and conservation potential of these landscapes,

3) Determine land use practices implemented by landowners,

4) Determine landowner attitudes …

1999 Wildlife Management Area Threatened And Endangered Species Inventory, Final Report, Robert F. Steinauer

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This study was undertaken to determine the extent of threatened and endangered (T&E) species habitats and high-quality native plant communities on Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs). The Nebraska Natural Heritage Program (NHP) is responsible for environmental reviews of state projects that may impact threatened and endangered (T&E) species in Nebraska, including proposed management actions on state Wildlife Management Areas (WMA). These environmental reviews require a significant amount of NHP staff time, and frequently find no adverse impacts associated with the proposed management actions. This survey was undertaken to improve Nebraska Game and Parks Commissions (NGPC) …

Inventory Of The Central Mixed-Grass Prairie Ecoregion Of Kansas And Nebraska, Hillary Loring, Mike Bullerman, Kelly Kindscher

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

An inventory of potential high quality mixed-grass prairie ranches and large properties within the Central Mixed-Grass Prairie Ecoregion of Kansas and Nebraska was conducted in the spring and summer of 1999. Emphasis during the inventory was placed on identification of relatively intact landscapes. Significant ranches within those untilled landscapes were visited. An interview of the owners or managers of those properties was coupled with a survey of the vegetation. Assessments of quality were based on species composition, continuity of ground cover, observations of livestock impact, and viability of the community types present.

The objectives of this study were to:

1) …

An Analysis Of Differential Delayed Mortality Experienced By Stream-Type Chinook Salmon Of The Snake River, Nick Bouwes, Howard Schaller, Phaedra Budy, Charles Petrosky, Russ Kiefer, Paul Wilson, Olaf Langness, Earl Weber, Eric Tinus

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

In the Anadromous Fish Appendix of the US Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) Environmental Impact Statement on the Lower Snake River Hydrosystem Alternatives for recovery of Snake River salmon and steelhead (hereafter referred to as "A-Fish"), the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) suggested that transportation effectiveness of spring/summer chinook may have improved markedly in recent years. The NMFS conclusion was based on estimates of 'D'-values (the differential delayed survival rate between transported fish and fish that migrated in-river) for 1994-1995 (NMFS, 1999). NMFS suggested, if 'D' is high (estimated in A-Fish at 0.8) and extra mortality of in-river and transported …

Background Contaminants Evaluation Of Fort Niobrara And Valentine National Wildlife Refuge, Karen J. Nelson, Brent J. Esmoil

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

The objectives of this study were to determine background concentrations of metals and organic compounds in biotic and abiotic components of the Fort NiobraralValentine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) Complex and document these results to utilize as baseline information for future contaminants investigations. To establish this baseline, sediment, water, and biotic samples (fish, double crested cormorant eggs, and vegetation) were collected from Fort Niobrara and Valentine National Wildlife Refuge in 1995 and tested for inorganic and organic contaminants. lnorganics were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometer (lCP) scans. Arsenic and selenium were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Mercury …

Monitoring Of Selenium Concentrations In Biota From The Kendrick Reclamation Project, Natrona County, Wyoming 1992 - 1996, Pedro Ramirez Jr., Kimberly Dickerson

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Selenium is bioaccumulating in fish and aquatic birds inhabiting the Kendrick Reclamation Project (Kendrick) in Natrona County, Wyoming as a result of mobilization associated with irrigation return flows. Field studies conducted in the 1980’s by the U.S. Geological Survey (Survey) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) as part of the Department of Interior’s National Irrigation Water Quality Program (NIWQP) revealed elevated selenium concentrations in water, sediment and biota at Kendrick and immediately downstream in the North Platte River. Selenium concentrations found in biota exceeded levels known to cause mortality and embryonic deformities in birds and impaired reproduction in …

1999 Nebraska Swine Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Reproduction

Changes in pH of Boar Semen Extenders

Follicular Selection and Atresia in Gilts for an Index of High Ovulation Rate and High Prenatal Survival
Health A Population Approach to Diagnosis of Grow-Finish Diarrhea Comlex
Survival of Pathogenic Intestinal Spirochetes Kept in Pure Cultures and in Pig Feces Held at Four Different Temperatures

Nutrition Feasibility of Growing and Feeding High-Oil Corn to Pigs
Bioavailability of Iron in Iron Proteinates
Zinc Oxide, With or Without Carbadox, Stimulates Performance in Nursery Pigs
The Effects of Dietary Feather Meal Concentration on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Barrows
Defining Swine Nutrient Requirements and Allowances—What …

Survival Of Pathogenic Intestinal Spirochetes Kept In Pure Cultures And In Pig Feces Held At Four Different Temperatures, David E. S. N. Barcellos, Gerald Duhamel, Michelle R. Mathiesen

Nebraska Swine Reports

Porcine colonic spirochetosis (PCS) caused by Serpulina pilosicoli has been identified as a contributing cause of diarrhea and reduced performance of growing pigs in all major swine producing countries. The current view that transmission of PCS occurs through contamination of the environment by acutely or persistently infected pigs is based on the assumption that the spirochetes remain viable in the environment. The purpose of this study was to compare the viability of Serpulina pilosicoli kept in pure culture or mixed with feces at four different temperatures over time with that of Serpulina hyodysenteriae. The results of the present study indicated …

Feasibility Of Growing And Feeding High Oil Corn To Pigs, Larry L. Bitney, Duane Reese, Robert Caldwell

Nebraska Swine Reports

A feasibility analysis on the growing and feeding of high-oil corn (HOC) to pigs was conducted. The cost to produce HOC is about 25 to 32 cents per bushel higher than for normal corn (NC), primarily due to 7 to 10 percent yield reduction for HOC. Diets made with HOC contain between 1.5 and 3 percent additional fat. Therefore, feed efficiency should be improved, on average, by 3 to 6 percent when HOC is substituted for NC. In most cases, daily gain should improve by 0 to 3 percent with HOC in the diet. High-oil corn grown in central Nebraska …

Impact Of Drinker Type On Pig Performance, Water Use And Manure Production, Mike Brumm, Jill Heemstra

Nebraska Swine Reports

A summer experiment was conducted to examine the impact of drinker design on pig performance, water use and manure volume. Pigs with access to Drik-O-Mat® bowl drinkers had similar daily gains, lower feed intake and improved feed conversion compared to pigs with access to a WaterSwing® nipple drinker. Water use was reduced 24.8 percent for the bowl versus swing drinkers. Manure volume was reduced 21.6 percent for the bowl versus swing drinker. The difference in manure volume is most likely due to a reduction in water wastage. Selection of drinker devices must include consideration of the manure system design and …

Pork 101 A Short Course Focusing On The Importance Of Pork Quality And Consistency, Dennis E. Burson, Dana J. Hanson

Nebraska Swine Reports

As we move towards the next century, pork producers face many challenges. The Pork Quality Audit in 1994 identified consistency of the meat product, meat quality and food safety as major issues producers can’t afford to ignore.

To introduce participants to these important segments of the pork industry, a three-day, hands-on short course has been developed at the University of Nebraska, with the assistance of the American Meat Science Association, the National Pork Producers Council, Michigan State University and Texas A&M University.

Response To Increasing Levels Of Nutrients Fed During Gestation And Lactation To Control And Prolific Gilts, David Casey, Rodger K. Johnson

Nebraska Swine Reports

Normal diets and diets with 50 percent greater amounts of protein, vitamins and certain minerals were fed during the gilt development period through lactation to gilts of lines that differed in litter size. The lines had been developed with 10 generations of genetic selection that resulted in a difference between the prolific line and a randomly selected control line of 2.9 fully formed pigs at birth in first parity sows. However, the large litter size line also had greater numbers of stillborn pigs, smaller pigs at birth and greater pre-weaning mortality. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether …

A Population Approach To Diagnosis Of Grow-Finish Diarrhea Complex, Gerald E. Duhamel, Michelle R. Mathiesen

Nebraska Swine Reports

Because the growing-finishing phase of pig production accounts for 60 to 70 percent of the total feed costs, improvements in feed efficiency during that period can significantly effect cost-benefit potential. Alimentary tract diseases caused by bacterial agents can significantly impact the capacity of growing-finishing pigs to utilize nutrients. Although disease problems in the poultry industry are most often diagnosed by complete examination of several live animals submitted for necropsy, such an approach is cost prohibitive for growing-finishing pigs. To better control enteric bacterial diseases of growing/finishing pigs, we investigated the value of examining fecal specimens taken front a representative number …

Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs treated alike vary in performance, due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effects we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.

Development Of Intervention Strategies To Extend The Shelf- Life Of Fresh Ground Pork, David M. Gaebler, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Swine Reports

The effects of storage time, packaging atmosphere and raw material source on shelf-life of fresh ground pork were studied. Fresh ground pork (18 percent fat) was packaged in an atmosphere of 80:20 percent 0₂:CO₂ or 100 percent CO₂ and placed in unlighted refrigerated storage (34°F) for a period of two or eight days to simulate distribution time of the product from manufacturer to retail merchandiser. Products were then placed under lighted storage for eight additional days (100 foot candles, 34°F) to simulate retail display conditions. Ground sirloin had higher percent surface metmyoglobin (darkness and brown color) …

Are The Sows Fed Adequately?, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

Feeding and managing sows so changes in their body weight and condition fall within predetermined targets is critical for successful reproduction. General feeding recommendations are useful in designing a feeding strategy for sows in all pork producing operations. However, nutrient requirements are not the same for all sows and there are differences in how well producers implement feeding protocols. It is important sows be monitored systemically on farms to ensure their nutrient requirements are met. Body condition scoring seems to be the most practical and useful method of monitoring sows compared to backfat probing or weighing. Guidelines on how to …

Collagen Content And Electrophoretic Analysis Of Type I Collagen In Breastskin Of Heterozygous Naked Neck And Normally Feathered Commercialbroilers, Güldehen Bi̇lgen, Gülgün Oktay, Zeynep Tokgöz, Gül Güner, Servet Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to evaluate the breast skin collagen content and electrophoretic analyses of type I collagen in heterozygous naked neck and normally feathered commercial chicks. A total of 72 birds from each genotype were randomly selected at 7 weeks and slaughtered. Breast skin was separated from each carcass and was analysed for collagen content and gel electrophopresis of type I collagen was performed. Males had significantly higher level of skin collagen content than females in both genotypes. In the naked neck chickens ??1 , and ??2 bands were highly intensive than the commercial ones indicating that the collagen …

The Effects Of Some Antibacterial Drugs On The Immune System Of Poultry, Yusuf Şanli, Ali̇ Bi̇lgi̇li̇, Ayhan Fi̇lazi̇, Ender Yarsan, Reşat Aşti, Nevi̇n Kurtdede, Hakan Yardimci

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effects of some different antibacterial drugs used in the poultry industry for their effects on the immune system of poultry. This experiment was carried on a hundred and fifty Ross PM-3 type, daily broiler chicks. Oxytetracycline and amoxicillin used in treatment of drinking water, and zinc bacitracin and salinomycin capable of being continuously added to feed in anabolic and preservative concentrations were chosen as antibacterial drug samples. In the first 21 days of their lives the broilers were fed with a chick starter feed, that did not contain any antibacterial or anticoccidial agents, …

Effect Of Glazing And Storage Time On Lipid Oxidation Of Frozen Chub Mackerel (Scomberjaponicus), Ayla Soyer, M. Eki̇n Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of glazing with the solutions contained ascorbic acid (AA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), BHT/BHA combination and only water, and storage time on lipid oxidation of chub mackerel were determined during frozen storage at -18°C for 10 months. Glazing with some antioxidants or water of the fish retarded lipid oxidation when compared to control samples during frozen storage. The results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) as lipid oxidation parameters increased slowly in all the samples glazed with antioxidants as a function of time but they retarded lipid oxidation …

Morphometric Analysis Of The Mandible In German Shepherd Dogs, Vedat Onar, Oya Kahveci̇oğlu, Rifat Mutuş, Hasan Alpak

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The mandibles of thirty-five German shepherd dogs without skeletal disorders were measured morphometrically. The length and the angle of the mandibles were measured and the correlation was determined between the female and male dogs. Mandible measurements increased with the age of the animals. In males, the value of the 1A and 2A angle was not statistically significant when considering age. In females, a decrease in the 1A and 5A angles was determined while no statistically significant value was determined in 2A, 3A and 4A with age. In conclusion, morphological observations and the results of the measurements have shown that German …