Animal Sciences Commons^™

A New Record Of Acaropsella Volgini(Acari: Prostigmata, Cheyletidae)For The Fauna Of Turkey, Kamil Koç

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the characteristic features of Acaropsella volgini (Gerson, 1967), a new record for the Turkish fauna, are given for the first time based on the drawings made from our specimens. In addition, their distribution is presented.

A New Species Of Exeurytoma Burks, 1971 From Turkey(Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), Halit Çam

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Exeurytoma anatolica sp. n. is described from Tokat, Turkey, and its diagnostic characters are illustrated.

The Herpetofauna Of The Ordu-Giresun Region, Yusuf Kumlutaş, Varol Tok, Oğuz Türkozan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, 17 reptile and amphibian species were recorded from 19 different localities in the Ordu-Giresun region. Of these, 3 belong to the urodelans species group, 6 belong to anurans, 4 belong to lizards and 4 belong to snakes.

The Taxonomy And Karyology Of Rattus Norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) Andrattus Rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Rodentia: Muridae) In Turkey, Nuri Yi̇ği̇t, Ercüment Çolak, Mustafa Sözen, Şakir Özkurt

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the Turkish population of Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus were studied with regard to external, cranial, phalli, bacula and tooth crown morphology and karyotype. External, internal and karyologic characteristics of R. norvegicus were found to be consistent with previously published results. Additionally, it was determined that there are striking color variations in the dorsal and ventral fur of R. rattus and that crown morphology is not a definitive characteristic distinguishing these species because of connected lobes in old specimens. According to the karyological studies, the diploid chromosome numbers and fundamental numbers of R. norvegicus and R. rattus …

Survival And Growth Of Corophium Volutator In Organically Enrichedsediment: A Comparison Of Laboratory And Field Experiments, Levent Bat, Dave Raffaelli

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the amphipod Corophium volutator (Pallas) was evaluated as test organisms for use in sediment toxicity tests by adapting standard protocols for conducting 10-day and 28-day sediment toxicity tests. Combine laboratory and field bioas-says showed that Corophium can survive in organically enriched sediment if they have no alternative, suggesting that Corophium is relatively tolerant of organically enriched sediment. Neither were there effects on emergence or reburying behaviour. Therefore this bioassay is considered inappropriate for estimating the quality of organically enricment sediment.

The Behavioural Abilities Of Meteorus Versicolor Wesm. And Rogas Rossicuskok. (Hymenoptera, Branconidae) Parasitoids Of Tephrina Arenacearia Den.Et Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae), Ilhama Gudrat Gizi Kerimova

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This paper concerns with the behavioural abilities of Meteorus versicolor Wesm. and Rogas rossicus Kok. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)-internal parasitoids of Thephrina arenacearia Den. et Schiff. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) as well. Periods of development phases and searching, ovipositional and mating behaviour of both parasitoids have been investigated.

Ornithological Observations On Karadag, Konya Province, Turkey, Guy M. Kirwan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Few ornithological observations are available from the isolated massifs of the Central Plateau; and for Karadag, Konya province there exists only the records of Ramsay (1914) in the summer of 1907. Observations from a visit in June 1996 are pre-sented and compared with those of Ramsay and data from other sources, principally Roselaar (1995). The total number of bird species recorded on the mountain is 53, of which 18 have been proven to breed; it seems probable that the globally threatened White-tailed Eagle formerly bred in the study area.

Some Aspects Of Reproductive Biology Of Euryglossa Orientalis(Bl. & Schn.)In North Arabian Sea Along The Coast Of Karachi, Pakistan, Mohammed Atiqullah Khan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In Euryglossa orientalis,sexual maturity was separated into seven stages. Size at sexual maturity was observed at 182 mm TL in males and 178 mm TL in females. A male-female ratio of 1.00:1.60 was determined (0.385:0.615). This species has two spawning seasons in Pakistani waters. The ist spawning season starts in September and the second in February. Fecundity ranged from 9922 to 83891 with a mean value of 36361.

Some Observations On Gastric Emptying In The Black Sea Whiting,Merlangius Merlangus Euxinus, (N. 1840) Fed On Natural Prey, Kadir Seyhan, N. Selda Başçinar, Ertug Düzgüneş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study a new perspective on the feeding physiology of whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus, N. 1840 was investigated. The effects of the skin of the prey, double feeding and prey type on the gastric emptying rate (GER) of whiting fed on natural prey, namely anchovy ( Engraulis encrasicholus) and mussels ( Mytilus galloprovincialis), were investigated. Return of appetite was also studied. It was found that in laboratory conditions, whiting (48.0±8.30 g, n=12) had consumed about 10.2% of its body weight in mussels and return of appetite was found to be approximately 30 h. The effect of the skin of …

The Short-Term Toxicity Of Two Toxicants To Artemia Nauplii, Melahat Toğulga

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, the short-term toxicities of sodium lauryl sulphate (an anionic detergent) and potassium dichromate on instar I and mixed instar II-III nauplii populations of Artemia were investigated. The comparisons between our results and the ARC-test (Artemia Reference Center) protocol show our experiments to be acceptable for acute toxicity standardization.

Drought-Induced Shift Of A Forest–Woodland Ecotone: Rapid Landscape Response To Climate Variation, Craig Allen, David D. Breshears

Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit: Staff Publications

In coming decades, global climate changes are expected to produce large shifts in vegetation distributions at unprecedented rates. These shifts are expected to be most rapid and extreme at ecotones, the boundaries between ecosystems, particularly those in semiarid landscapes. However, current models do not adequately provide for such rapid effects—particularly those caused by mortality—largely because of the lack of data from field studies. Here we report the most rapid landscape-scale shift of a woody ecotone ever documented: in northern New Mexico in the 1950s, the ecotone between semiarid ponderosa pine forest and pinon– juniper woodland shifted extensively (2 km or …

1998 Southeast Nebraska Tallgrass Praire Inventory: Johnson, Gage, And Jefferson Counties, Final Report, Robert F. Steinauer

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This report is prepared as a requirement of the 1998 Southeast Nebraska Prairie Survey contract between the Platte/Rainwater Basin Project Office of the Nature Conservancy and Robert F. Steinauer. The original contract called for the examination of Johnson County south of Highway 136, and Gage County east of Beatrice. Due to the scarcity of prairies in these areas, the survey region was expanded to include northern Johnson County, and southern Jefferson County.

Prairies in these areas were identified using infrared and black and white photos, driving on county and within grassland roads, and conversations with landowners. Heritage Program “Site Survey …

1997 Inventory For Spiranthes Diluvialis Sheviak In Western Nebraska: A Final Report, Volume Ii, Terri Hildebrand

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This study resulted from an agreement between Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFW). After the 1996 discovery of Spiranthes diluvialis, in western Nebraska, NGPC was seeking to determine the extent of the Nebraska population. Information on the wet meadow community of orchid occurrence in Nebraska and eastern Wyoming was needed. This report includes descriptions of communities inventoried, Spiranthes diluvialis populations, and additional species monitored by Nebraska and Wyoming Natural Heritage programs.

Between May and September 1997, potential Spiranthes diluvialis habitat was inventoried for occurrences of the orchid. For all sites …

Caribou Rangifer Tarandus Caribou

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Caribou are the largest members of the reindeer family (Rangifer tarandus) and are native to the arctic and sub-arctic regions of Siberia, North America and Greenland. Reindeer, which are traditionally herded in northern Europe and Eurasia, were introduced into Alaska in 1892. Although some herding of reindeer continues in Alaska today, many of the introduced reindeer interbred with caribou. The four caribou subspecies—barren ground, Peary’s, tundra and woodland—differ greatly in range, size, coloration, behavior, food habits and habitat use.

Caribou are a medium-sized member of the deer family and stand about 31⁄2 feet tall at the shoulder. Females …

Florida Panther Puma [Felis] Concolor Coryi

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

There are only 30 to 50 adult Florida panthers left in the wild, making Florida's official state animal one of the most endangered mammals in the world.  At one time perhaps 3,000 or more Florida panthers ranged throughout Florida, northward through Georgia, parts of South Carolina, and Tennessee, and westward through Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and possibly eastern Texas.  Today, the Florida panther's range is limited to parts of southern Florida, including the Big Cypress Swamp and the Everglades.

Initially, the Florida panter's decline was due to excessive hunting because of an unfounded fear for livestock and human safety.  More …

Sea Turtles

United States Fish and Wildlife Service: Publications

Of the six sea turtle species that are found in the U.S. waters or that nest on U.S. beaches, all are designated as either threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act.  Endangered status means a species is considered in danger of exinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range; threatened means it is likely to become endangered.

Six of the seven sea turtles species are listed as endangered or threatened: green, Kemp's ridley, olive ridley, hawksbill, loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles.  Only one species, the flatback sea turtle, is not considered threatened with extinction at this time. …

1998 Nebraska Swine Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Reproduction
Efficacy of Once (1x) vs Twice (2x) Daily Physical or Fence-line Contact with Boars for Stimulating Earlier Puberty in Gilts
Follicular Development in Gilts Selected for High Ovulation Rate and Embryo Survival Vs Randomly Selected Control Line Gilts

Genetics
The Effects of Genetic Line and Diet Regimen on Attainment of Puberty in Gilts
Effects of Gestation Housing System on Productivity of Three Genetic Lines of Sows
Responses to 14 Generations of Selection for Components of Litter Size

Health
Activity of Four Antimicrobial Agents Against Porcine Serpulina Pilosicoli Isolates From the Midwestern United States

Nutrition
Protein Sources for Segregated Early …

The Pig Pro Decision, Networking, And Environmental Protection: The Public Policy Challenge, J. David Aiken

Nebraska Swine Reports

On August 29, 1997, the Nebraska Supreme Court issued its first decision interpreting the provisions of Initiative 300 (I300), Nebraska’s family farm constitutional amendment. In its Pig Pro decision, a unanimous court ruled five Dawson county farmers who sought to form a non-profit cooperative corporation would violate article XII §12 of the Nebraska Constitution (I300). The decision means Nebraska farmers cannot network their operations and receive limited liability protection under I300.

Properties And Applications Of Pork Trim Obtained From An Advanced Meat Recovery System, Christi M. Calhoun, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Swine Reports

Automated mechanical systems are being utilized by the pork industry to efficiently and economically recover meat remaining on bones after fabrication. The recovered meat, referred to as pork trim-finely textured (PTFT), has unique properties which must be understood to best use this lean meat source. This research characterized the chemical and physical properties of PTFT, determined incorporation levels in ground pork and studied the storage and shelf-life-stability of products containing PTFT. Chemical and physical properties of PTFT were compared to knife trimmed meat (KT) and 80 percent lean ground pork (GP). PTFT had higher iron, calcium, total pigment and cholesterol …

The Effect Of Protein Intake On Growth Performance, Plasma Urea Concentration, Liver Weight, And Arginase Activity Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts, Hsin-Yi Chen, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis

Nebraska Swine Reports

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein concentration on growth performance, plasma urea concentration, liver weight and liver arginase activity of finishing (138 lb) barrows and gilts. Average daily feed intake, arginase activity and plasma urea concentration were greater in barrows than in gilts, whereas liver weight was lighter in barrows than in gilts. These data suggest gilts are affected more negatively by high protein diets than barrows. We believe the changes in liver weight and urea cycle enzymes (arginase) are related to these feed intake differences.

Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report

Nebraska Swine Reports

Pigs treated alike vary in performance, due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effects we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.

Utilization Of Raw Pork Skins In Reduced Fat Fresh Pork Sausage, Tammy Fotjik, Roger W. Mandigo

Nebraska Swine Reports

The effects of fat, raw pork skin and added water on the color, yield, texture and palatability of fresh pork sausage were investigated. Fresh pork sausage was produced to contain 8 percent and 20 percent fat, 10 percent or 20 percent pork skin and zero percent or 10 percent added water. Three controls were produced at 8 percent, 20 percent and 35 percent fat with no added pork skin or water. Sausage with added pork skins had increased pH values. The 8 percent fat sausage and sausage without added water had the greatest cook yields, while the addition of pork …

Nutrient Balance On Nebraska Livestock Confinement Systems, Richard K. Koelsch, Gary Lesoing

Nebraska Swine Reports

Managing the environmental risk associated with livestock production is a significant challenge. The degree of imbalance between the amount of nutrient input and nutrient output for a livestock operation provides insight into the underlying causes of nutrient-related environmental challenges. A nitrogen and phosphorus balance was constructed for 33 Nebraska livestock operations (including 17 swine operations). On most farms, substantially more nitrogen entered the farm (through purchased feed, fertilizer, etc) than left it in the form of animals, crops and manure sold. Most farms also had an accumulation of phosphorus. Size of the operation and the degree of integration between livestock …

The Effects Of Genetic Line And Diet Regimen On Attainment Of Puberty In Gilts*, Tom Long, Agustin Ruiz-Flores, Ken Stalder, Rodney Goodwin, Walter W. Stroup

Nebraska Swine Reports

A trial was conducted to determine the effects of genetic line and gilt development diet regimen and the interaction of these factors on the timely attainment of puberty in gilts. Genetic line was an important factor on the probability of gilts attaining puberty by 8.5 months. Results also indicated leaner gilts (as measured by backfat adjusted to 240 lb) had a lower probability of reaching puberty by 8.5 months than fatter gilts. Gilt development diet regimen and the interaction between genetic line and diet regimen were not significant effects on the attainment of puberty by 8.5 months of age. These …

Plasma Urea Can Be Used To Identify The Protein Requirements Of Group-Penned Finishing (130 To 220 Lb) Barrows And Gilts Fed Corn-Soybean Diets, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Hsin-Yi Chen

Nebraska Swine Reports

In this study, growth performance data from finishing pigs indicate the response of barrows and gilts to dietary protein concentration was maximized with a 15 percent protein corn-soybean meal diet. Review of the response of plasma urea concentration to dietary protein intake indicated that, in this study, the protein requirement of barrows was between 12 and 15 percent and the protein requirement for gilts was between 15 and 18 percent. Based on the many findings in the literature documenting that protein requirements ( percent of the diet) of gilts are greater than those of barrows, we believe the use of …

Dietary Fiber In Sow Gestation Diets — An Economic Analysis, Duane Reese

Nebraska Swine Reports

A previous research summary indicated sows fed high-fiber diets during gestation weaned an average of .3 more pigs/litter than sows fed lower-fiber, grain-based diets. Gestation diets containing 45 percent wheat midds, 20 percent soybean hulls, 25 percent alfalfa meal, 30 percent sugar beet pulp or 40 percent oats provide similar amounts of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), which should be sufficient to increase litter size weaned by .3 pigs per litter. An economic analysis suggests feeding a diet containing these sources of NDF would increase sow feed ingredient costs from 0 to $3.30/ sow/period (110 days) compared to feeding a corn-soybean …

Follicular Development In Gilts Selected For High Ovulation Rate And Embryo Survival Versus Randomly Selected Control Line Gilts, Hui-Wen Yen, Rodger K. Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman

Nebraska Swine Reports

The patterns of follicular development during the proestrous period were compared in gilts selected for an index of high ovulation rate and high prenatal survival (White Line-2, WL-2) and randomly selected controls (White Line-1, WL-1) on days 0, 2, 3, 4, 5 and estrus after induced luteolysis with PGF2&#;&#;on day 13 (day 0) of the estrous cycle. Numbers of follicles (F) equal or greater than 2 mm in diameter were categorized and recorded as follows: small (SF, 2 to 2.9 mm), medium-1 (M1F, 3 to 4.9 mm), medium-2 (M2F, 5 to 6.9 mm) and large (LF, equal or above 7 …

Efficacy Of Once (1x) Versus Twice (2x) Daily Physical Or Fence-Line Contact With Boars For Stimulating Earlier Puberty In Gilts, Dwane Zimmerman, Thomas Mcgargill, Norm Rohda

Nebraska Swine Reports

The effectiveness of twice daily (2x) versus once daily (1x) boar exposure (BE) and the possible interaction of frequency of BE and type of BE (physical, PBE, versus fence-line, FBE) for stimulating earlier puberty in gilts was evaluated. Gilts (n=120) from the R-LS line of the gene pool herd at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln were, within litter, assigned randomly to two frequencies of BE (1x versus 2x per day) and two types of BE (PBE versus FBE) plus one additional treatment where gilts were maintained in continuous fence-line contact with boars (CFBE). Treatments were initiated when gilts in each replicate …

Seasonal Changes In Brown Fat And Pelage In Southern Short-Tailed Shrews, Elisa M. Dew, Keith A. Carson, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We examined cellular changes in interscapular brown adipose tissue and pelage characteristics in Blarina carolinensis collected throughout the year in eastern Virginia. Cellular volume occupied by mitochondria and maximum mitochondrial size were significantly greater in the brown adipose tissue of winter shrews than in summer shrews. Lipid droplets occupied greater volume and were larger in shrews in summer than winter shrews. There were no seasonal differences in hair density; Type I and Type II guard hairs were significantly longer in winter than summer by a factor of 1.3. Woolly hairs were 1.2 times longer in winter than summer, a non-significant …

The Clinical-Chemical Parameters, Serum Lipoproteins And Fatty Infiltration Of The Liver In Ketotic Cows, Mutlu Sevi̇nç, Abdullah Başoğlu, İsmail Öztok, Mustafa Sandikçi, Fatih Bi̇rdane

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to provide a unique insight into the relationship between ketosis and fat cow syndrome using clinical-chemical parameters, serum lipoproteins and histopathological changes of the liver. The cholesterol and protein concentrations were significantly lower in the ketotic cows (p