Animal Sciences | Open Access Articles | Digital Commons Network™

Effect Of Crop Residue Grazing On Crop Production- Update Of Research Activities, Gary Lesoing, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Crop residues provide an inexpensive feed source during the winter months. Cattle grazing them during this period will not impact subsequent crop yields if managed carefully.

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Composting Of Feedlot Waste-Update Of Research Activities, Gary Lesoing, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Daniel Duncan, Mark A. Schroeder

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Composting of feedlot manure is an alternative waste management system that is environmentally sound, provides flexibility in application as a nutrient source, and is economically feasible.

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Biochemical Characterization Of A Peptidase Enzyme From The Ruminal Bacterium Prevotella Ruminicola, Humberto Madeira, Mark Morrison

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

The characterization by molecular biology techniques of a bacterial enzyme involved with ruminal protein digestion brings new insights and strategies which seek to optimize protein nutrition of beef cattle.

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Time Of Feeding Influence On Cattle Exposed To Heat, Terry L. Mader, John Gaughan, Darryl Salvage, Bruce Young

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Managing heat load through manipulation of feeding regime may be effective in maintaining intake of individually fed feedlot cattle exposed to hot environmental conditions.

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Effects Of Heat Exposure On Adapting Feedlot Cattle To Finishing Diets, Terry L. Mader, John Gaughan, Bruce Young

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Body temperatures increased in individually fed cattle being stepped-up on finishing diets under both thermoneutral and hot conditions.

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A Low Roughage Diet Alternative For Finishing Cattle, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A low roughage diet containing Impact supplement can reduce feed to gain ratio while maintaining daily gain. A relatively high energy level in this diet results in lower ad libitum intake.

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Wet Corn Gluten Feed As A Source Of Rumen Degradable Protein For Finishing Steers, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Drew Shain, Mark Klemesrud

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Rumen degradable protein supplied by alfalfa, wet corn gluten feed, or corn steep liquor increased efficiency.

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Evaluation Of Corn Bran And Corn Steep Liquor For Finishing Steers, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Corn steep liquor has a higher energy value than bran and there is an associative effect between steep and bran when fed in combination.

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A Bacterial Preservative For Ensiled High-Moisture Corn, Burt Weichenthal, Ivan G. Rush, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

PRO-MAX bacterial inoculant added to ground high-moisture corn before ensiling can speed up fermentation, lower the pH faster. and increase propionic acid percentage enough to reduce spoilage organism counts.

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Lysine Requirements For Feedlot Cattle, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Feedlot diets low in ruininal escape protein may be deficient in metabolizable lysine, especially early in the feeding period. Addition of rumen-protected lysine can improve feedlot gain and efficiency.

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Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 1997

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

From the Department Head's Desk -- Elton Aberle
Animal Science Alumni Day
Graduate Program (86 students = a record)
Undergraduate Program (250 majors)
New Faculty: Todd Milton, Jess Miner
Faculty Retirement: Ted Doane
Emeritus death: Cecil T. Blunn
Faculty Development Leave: Terry Mader
Jeffrey Keown MIAC Project
R. B. Warren Saddle Award
Emeriti Update
Block and Bridle: Max Waldo 1996 Honoree; Officers & activities 1996-1997
Awards and Recognition
Judging Team Activities: Livestock, Meat Animal, Meats, & Horse Teams
Alumni News
Calendar of events 1996-1997

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Variability In Metabolic Rate, Feed Intake And Fatness Among Selection And Inbred Lines Of Mice, D. E. Moody, Daniel Pomp, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Mouse populations differing in metabolic rate have been developed through selection for high (MH) and low (ML) heat loss (HLOSS), along with randomly selected controls (MC). Objectives of this study were to (a) compare MH, ML and MC lines for HLOSS and correlated traits of feed intake, body composition and organ weights; (b) compare three widely used inbred mouse lines with MH, ML and MC for the same traits ; and (c) investigate potential genotype by diet interaction resulting from feeding diets differing in fat percentage. Heat loss (kcal/day) of MH and ML mice differed by 37% of the mean …

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A Simulation Model Including Ovulation Rate, Potential Embryonic Viability, And Uterine Capacity To Explain Litter Size In Mice: Ii. Responses To Alternative Criteria Of Selection, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Kreg A. Leymaster, Gary Bennett

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Direct selection for litter size was compared with selection for ovulation rate, ova success, or uterine capacity and for indexes of ovulation rate with ova success or uterine capacity. Selection was simulated for 10 generations in a mouse population based on a model integrating ovulation rate, potential embryonic viability, and uterine capacity. Two indexes including ovulation rate (OR) and ova success (OS) were I = .291 x OR + 2.19 x OS and I = .165 x OR + .736 x OS. Heritabilities for ovulation rate and ova success, assumed in the simulation and to derive the indexes, were .25 …

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Divergent Selection For Heat Loss In Mice: I. Selection Applied And Direct Response Through Fifteen Generations, Merlyn K. Nielsen, L. D. Jones, B. A. Freking, J. A. Deshazer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Divergent selection for heat production/ loss (kcal•kg^-.75•d^-1) , measured in 9- to 11-wk-old male mice, was conducted for 15 generations. Heat loss was measured for 15 h on individual animals placed overnight in direct, gradient-layer calorimeters. Selection for high (MH) and low (ML) heat loss and unselected control (MC) occurred in each of three replicates for a total of nine unique lines. Repeatability of the heat loss measurement was .45 and the CV was 10.5%. Cumulative realized selection differentials, averaged for the three replicates, were 145.1 and -105.0 (kcal•kg^-.75•d^-1) and ranged from …

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Limiting Amino Acids In Meat And Bone And Poultry By-Product Meals, M. J. Klemesrud, Terry Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis, D. H. Shain, D. Herold

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

In situ, digestion, and growth studies were conducted to evaluate four meat and bone meals and six poultry by-product meals as sources of escape protein and to predict the first-limiting amino acid for growing calves. Escape protein values, determined by 12-h in situ incubation, ranged from 41.7 to 51.0% of CP for meat and bone meals; poultry by-product meals ranged from 32.0 to 39.8%. True protein digestion in the gastrointestinal tract of lambs differed among protein sources ( P < .05), ranging from 79 to 95%. In each of three growth trials, 60 steers (258 ± 24, 241 ± 23, and 230 ± 16 kg for Trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were supplemented with 4 of the 10 protein sources along with a urea supplement. Protein sources were fed at 30, 40, 50, and 60% of the supplemental CP, with urea supplying the remainder. Protein efficiency differed among treatments ( P < .10), ranging from .61 to 1.55. Amino acid composition was determined for each protein source, and the individual metabolizable amino acids were regressed on the protein efficiency values. Escape protein values were correlated (R² = .75) with protein efficiency but had a negative slope. Metabolizable methionine was the only amino acid moderately correlated (R …

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Development Of Gilts And Boars For Efficient Reproduction, Donald G. Levis, Vernon D. Leibbrandt, Dale W. Rozeboom

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Successful introduction of replacement gilts and boars into the breeding herd is an important aspect of breeding herd efficiency. To attain herd efficiency, females must ovulate adequate numbers of viable ova, express estrus, show willingness to mate, and conceive in a regular manner. Males must produce adequate numbers of fertile spermatozoa, possess ability and show willingness to mate, and produce high-conception rates. If these qualities are properly developed, pregnancy rate and litter size will be maximized.

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Better Flock Benchmarking From Wether Trials, David Windsor, Bronwyn Clarke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Genetic links between wether trials put in place by Agriculture Western Australia's Wool Program are helping farmers benchmark the productivity of their flocks on a statewide basis. David Windsor and Bronwyn Cklarke report on the progress to date.

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Blup For Merino Breeding, David Windsor, Johan Greeff

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) experiences of farmers into their genetic breeding programs.

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A Simulation Model Including Ovulation Rate, Potential Embryonic Viability, And Uterine Capacity To Explain Litter Size In Mice: I. Model Development And Implementation, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Gary Bennett, Kreg A. Leymaster

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Litter size in mice was studied using a model including ovulation rate, potential embryonic viability, and uterine capacity. Simulated results were compared with experimental results from a selection experiment with mice. The four criteria of selection were selection on number born (LS), selection on an index of ovulation rate and ova success (IX), selection on number born to unilaterally ovariectomized females (UT), and unselected control (LC). Comparisons were made to statistics of the base generation and to responses after 13 generations of selection. Phenotypic and genetic statistics for uterine capacity were generated so that simulations produced the experimental means, standard …

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Effects Of Sire, Dam Traits, Calf Traits, And Environment On Dystocia And Subsequent Reproduction Of Two-Year-Old Heifers, D. J. Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Don C. Adams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A study was conducted over 3 yr to evaluate effects of sire birth weight EPD, calf birth weight and shape, and heifer pelvic area and weight, individually and in combination, on dystocia and subsequent rebreeding of 2-yr-old heifers. Heifers (n = 550), MARC II yearlings, were assigned for breeding to one of four Angus sires with birth weight EPD of -.95, -.82, +2.9, and +2.7 kg. At calving, heifers were assisted as needed. A gauge attached to the calf puller recorded applied traction pressure. Analysis of traction pressure detected only slightly larger amounts of variation (2 to 3%) affecting dystocia …

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Influence Of Sample Orientation On Prediction Of Fresh Ham Lean Content By Electromagnetic Scanning, N. L. Meseck, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Phillip Miller

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

To evaluate the effect of orientation of hams during electromagnetic scanning on the estimation of dissected lean content, hams were scanned horizontally, posterior first (POS) or dorsal first (DOR), and vertically, medial side (aitchbone) first (MED; standing on the butt face). Weight and percentage of dissected lean were estimated using scan peak for each orientation, ham weight, and fat thickness. The mean scan peak for the MED orientation was approximately twice as great as peaks for the POS and DOR orientations, which suggests that this orientation may offer greater predictive accuracy by reducing the signal to noise ratio. Results, however, …

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Comparison Of Usda Quality Grade With Tendertec For The Assessment Of Beef Palatability, M. H. George, J.D. Tatum, H. G. Dolezal, J. B. Morgan, J. M. Wise, Chris R. Calkins, T. Gordon, J. O. Reagan, G. C. Smith

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Carcasses (n = 265) selected to differ in USDA yield grade were evaluated by expert graders and assessed for tenderness with the Tendertec Mark III Beef Grading Instrument. Tendertec measurements were collected on longissimus lumborum muscles in both sides of each carcass. During fabrication of each left carcass side, a rib section (later converted into three steaks) was removed for aging and subsequent sensory panel evaluation at 14 d and for Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements at 14 and 28 d. Correlation coefficients for repeatability of Tendertec output variables, between left and right carcass sides, were .57, .44, .70, and .65 …

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Role Of Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors In Sertoli Cell Differentiation: Identification Of An E-Box Response Element In The Transferrin Promoter, Jaideep Chaudhary, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Sertoli cells are critical for testicular function and maintenance of the spermatogenic process. The induction of Sertoli cell differentiation in the embryo promotes testicular development and male sex determination. The progression of Sertoli cell differentiation during puberty promotes the onset of spermatogenesis. The maintenance of optimal Sertoli cell differentiation in the adult is required for spermatogenesis to proceed. The current study was designed to investigate the transcriptional regulation of Sertoli cell differentiation through the analysis of a previously identified marker of differentiation, transferrin gene expression. Sertoli cells produce transferrin to transport iron to developing spermatogenic cells sequestered within the blood-testis …

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Swimming Behavior In The Fox Squirrel, Sciurus Niger (Rodentia: Sciuridae), From Northeastern Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, David H. Jamieson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Revised Status Of Rare And Endangered Unionaea (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, John L. Harris, Peter J. Rust, Alan D. Christian, William R. Posey Ii, Chris L. Davidson, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Harris and Gordon (1987) reviewed the distribution and status of 18 rare and /or endangered unionacean bivalve species (commonly referred to as clams, mussels, freshwater mussels, naiads) that occur or have occurred in Arkansas. They discussed four species that were federally listed as endangered, four species that were considered endangered or extirpated within Arkansas, four species considered threatened within Arkansas, four species of special concern within Arkansas, and two species for which the conservation status was considered uncertain due to questions regarding taxonomic validity. Numerous unionacean field surveys have been performed during 1986 1996, and a substantial database of new …

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Age, Growth And Condition Of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus Salmoides, Of Lake Ashbaugh, Arkansas, Ronald L. Johnson, Rosalyne M. Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The population size structure, length at age and condition of 140 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, were studied for Lake Ashbaugh, Arkansas. Scales and otoliths were used for age and length at age determination of individual bass. Length at age was determined by back-calculation and relative weight was used to measure condition. The Lake Ashbaugh population is dominated by young, slow growing bass in poor condition. Ninety-one percent of the largemouth bass in Lake Ashbaugh were less than four years of age, with age 3+ bass serving as the dominant year class. Proportional and relative stock density values were 25 and …

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Survey Of Mollusca (Bivalva: Unionacea) Inhabiting Myatt Creek, Fulton County, Arkansas, Chris L. Davidson, George L. Harp, John L. Harris

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Adaptive Significance Of Re-Nesting Following Nest Abandonment In The Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila Caerulea), Melissa Nicole Helton

Masters Theses

We studied the adaptive significance of nest abandonment and re-nesting in the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) in east-central Illinois from 1995 through 1997. This Neotropical migrant is widely distributed and highly persistent in re-nesting following nest abandonment. Nest abandonment may be a response to brood parasitism, predation or other nest disturbances. We studied the nesting behavior of gnatcatchers and investigated the cues which may elicit nest abandonment. We monitored 57 pairs of gnatcatchers which built a total of 98 nests. Twenty pairs successfully fledged a total of 63 young and overall nest success was only 8.5%. Daily mortality rates for …

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Fertilization Of An Oligotrophic Lake With A Deep Chlorophyll Maximum: Predicting The Effect On Primary Productivity, H. P. Gross, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Phaedra E. Budy, Chris Luecke

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We investigated how epilimnetic fertilization would affect chlorophyll levels and light penetration of oligotrophic sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) lakes and how the resulting self-shading would affect primary production of the prominent deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) of the lakes. Epilimnetic nutrient additions to large mesocosms (330 m3) in Redfish Lake, Idaho, increased levels of primary productivity and chlorophyll a but decreased Secchi depths and light available in the metalimnion and hypolimnion. Redfish Lake and other Sawtooth Valley (Idaho) lakes had DCM in which the mean chlorophyll a peaks were 240-1000% of mean epilimnetic chlorophyll a concentrations. The DCM existed at low …

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Hydroacoustic Assessment Of Abundance And Diel Distribution Of Sockeye Salmon And Kokanee In The Sawtooth Valley Lakes, Idaho, D. Beauchamp, Chris Luecke, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, H. G. Gross, Phaedra E. Budy, S. Spaulding, R. Dilenger, C. P. Gubala

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

We used dual-beam hydroacoustics and echo integration techniques, combined with midwater trawling and gillnetting, to assess the abundance and distribution of the endangered Snake River juvenile sockeye salmon and resident kokanee (both Oncorhynchus nerka) in Sawtooth Valley lakes of Idaho during September 1991 and 1992. Abundance of O. nerka varied among the four lakes containing this species (12,500–257,000) and varied between years in Redfish Lake (86,400 in 1994 and 241,000 in 1992) and Alturas Lake (230,000 in 1991 and 257,000 in 1992). In Alturas Lake, where piscivore densities were high and zooplankton densities were low, small acoustic targets (≤18 cm …

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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Effect Of Crop Residue Grazing On Crop Production- Update Of Research Activities, Gary Lesoing, D. J. Jordon, Terry J. Klopfenstein

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Composting Of Feedlot Waste-Update Of Research Activities, Gary Lesoing, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Daniel Duncan, Mark A. Schroeder

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Biochemical Characterization Of A Peptidase Enzyme From The Ruminal Bacterium Prevotella Ruminicola, Humberto Madeira, Mark Morrison

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Time Of Feeding Influence On Cattle Exposed To Heat, Terry L. Mader, John Gaughan, Darryl Salvage, Bruce Young

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Effects Of Heat Exposure On Adapting Feedlot Cattle To Finishing Diets, Terry L. Mader, John Gaughan, Bruce Young

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A Low Roughage Diet Alternative For Finishing Cattle, Ivan G. Rush, Burt Weichenthal, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Wet Corn Gluten Feed As A Source Of Rumen Degradable Protein For Finishing Steers, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Drew Shain, Mark Klemesrud

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Evaluation Of Corn Bran And Corn Steep Liquor For Finishing Steers, Tony Scott, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Mark Klemesrud, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

A Bacterial Preservative For Ensiled High-Moisture Corn, Burt Weichenthal, Ivan G. Rush, Brad Van Pelt

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Lysine Requirements For Feedlot Cattle, Mark Klemesrud, Terry J. Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis, Rick Stock

Nebraska Beef Cattle Reports

Animal Science Alumni Newsletter, Winter 1997

Department of Animal Science: Departmental News

Variability In Metabolic Rate, Feed Intake And Fatness Among Selection And Inbred Lines Of Mice, D. E. Moody, Daniel Pomp, Merlyn K. Nielsen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

A Simulation Model Including Ovulation Rate, Potential Embryonic Viability, And Uterine Capacity To Explain Litter Size In Mice: Ii. Responses To Alternative Criteria Of Selection, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Kreg A. Leymaster, Gary Bennett

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Divergent Selection For Heat Loss In Mice: I. Selection Applied And Direct Response Through Fifteen Generations, Merlyn K. Nielsen, L. D. Jones, B. A. Freking, J. A. Deshazer

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Limiting Amino Acids In Meat And Bone And Poultry By-Product Meals, M. J. Klemesrud, Terry Klopfenstein, Austin Lewis, D. H. Shain, D. Herold

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Development Of Gilts And Boars For Efficient Reproduction, Donald G. Levis, Vernon D. Leibbrandt, Dale W. Rozeboom

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Better Flock Benchmarking From Wether Trials, David Windsor, Bronwyn Clarke

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Blup For Merino Breeding, David Windsor, Johan Greeff

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A Simulation Model Including Ovulation Rate, Potential Embryonic Viability, And Uterine Capacity To Explain Litter Size In Mice: I. Model Development And Implementation, E. L. De A. Ribeiro, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Gary Bennett, Kreg A. Leymaster

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Effects Of Sire, Dam Traits, Calf Traits, And Environment On Dystocia And Subsequent Reproduction Of Two-Year-Old Heifers, D. J. Colburn, Gene H. Deutscher, Merlyn K. Nielsen, Don C. Adams

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Influence Of Sample Orientation On Prediction Of Fresh Ham Lean Content By Electromagnetic Scanning, N. L. Meseck, B. L. Gwartney, Chris R. Calkins, Phillip Miller

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Comparison Of Usda Quality Grade With Tendertec For The Assessment Of Beef Palatability, M. H. George, J.D. Tatum, H. G. Dolezal, J. B. Morgan, J. M. Wise, Chris R. Calkins, T. Gordon, J. O. Reagan, G. C. Smith

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Role Of Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors In Sertoli Cell Differentiation: Identification Of An E-Box Response Element In The Transferrin Promoter, Jaideep Chaudhary, Andrea S. Cupp, Michael K. Skinner

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Swimming Behavior In The Fox Squirrel, Sciurus Niger (Rodentia: Sciuridae), From Northeastern Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, David H. Jamieson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Revised Status Of Rare And Endangered Unionaea (Mollusca: Margaritiferidae, Unionidae) In Arkansas, John L. Harris, Peter J. Rust, Alan D. Christian, William R. Posey Ii, Chris L. Davidson, George L. Harp

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Age, Growth And Condition Of Largemouth Bass, Micropterus Salmoides, Of Lake Ashbaugh, Arkansas, Ronald L. Johnson, Rosalyne M. Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Survey Of Mollusca (Bivalva: Unionacea) Inhabiting Myatt Creek, Fulton County, Arkansas, Chris L. Davidson, George L. Harp, John L. Harris

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Adaptive Significance Of Re-Nesting Following Nest Abandonment In The Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila Caerulea), Melissa Nicole Helton

Masters Theses

Fertilization Of An Oligotrophic Lake With A Deep Chlorophyll Maximum: Predicting The Effect On Primary Productivity, H. P. Gross, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, Phaedra E. Budy, Chris Luecke

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Hydroacoustic Assessment Of Abundance And Diel Distribution Of Sockeye Salmon And Kokanee In The Sawtooth Valley Lakes, Idaho, D. Beauchamp, Chris Luecke, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, H. G. Gross, Phaedra E. Budy, S. Spaulding, R. Dilenger, C. P. Gubala

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications