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Theses and Dissertations

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Articles 391 - 420 of 497

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

The Effect Of Altitude On Thyroid Function Of The Uinta Ground Squirrel (Citellus Armatus), Wendell Lee Wells Aug 1975

The Effect Of Altitude On Thyroid Function Of The Uinta Ground Squirrel (Citellus Armatus), Wendell Lee Wells

Theses and Dissertations

Thyroid uptake and distribution of 125I, concentrations of T4 and T3 in serum and thyroids and concentrations of TSH in serum and pituitaries were measured to determine thyroid function of Uinta Ground Squirrels (Citellus armatus) native to 5,400 and 9,000 feet elevations to evaluate alterations in the state of the thyroid due to increased altitude. Uptake of 125I was 60 percent lower by squirrels from 9,000 feet. Incorporation of 125I into T3 was greater at the higher elevation, but absolute thyroid T3 concentrations were similar at both elevations. No significant differences were found in serum T3 concentrations, but squirrels living …

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Habitat Partitioning In A Community Of Passerine Birds, Robert C. Whitmore Aug 1975

Habitat Partitioning In A Community Of Passerine Birds, Robert C. Whitmore

Theses and Dissertations

Habitat partitioning was studied in a community of passerine birds in the Virgin River Valley of southwestern Utah. Ten habitat structure variables were measured for each of 24 species of passerine birds and several multivariate statistical techniques were used to determine the extent of habitat partitioning. Ordinations of species distributions along known environmental gradients were constructed using Principal Component Analysis and Stepwise Discriminant Analysis. Stepwise Discriminant Analysis was also used to determine which habitat variables were important in species separation. It was found that percent canopy cover was the most important variable. Two hundred seventy six pairs of species were …

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Raptor Temperature Regulation And Energetics, James Arthur Mosher May 1975

Raptor Temperature Regulation And Energetics, James Arthur Mosher

Theses and Dissertations

A review of energetics studies of raptorial species introduces four separate studies of temperature regulation by raptors. Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) nest site selection, as influenced by direction of exposure, is discussed. The data show strong directional preferences to the NNW by southern populations and SSE by northern populations. The tarsometatarsus is shown to have a thermoregulatory function in large falcons, and adaptations of this mechanism to varied habitats are examined. Color phase in Screech Owls (Otus asio) is shown to be related to metabolic differences that may explain the distributions of the color morphs. Development of thermoregulation in Flammulated …

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Small Mammal Survey In Two Geographically Separated Aspen Areas, Apichart Thammaruxs Apr 1975

Small Mammal Survey In Two Geographically Separated Aspen Areas, Apichart Thammaruxs

Theses and Dissertations

Small mammal surveys were conducted in two geographically separated aspen areas, in the Chicken Creek Watershed Management Unit, Utah, and Break Neck Flat, Wyoming. Four small mammal species, Peromyscus maniculatus, Clethrionomys gapperi, Zapus princeps and Eutamias minimus were caught most often in both areas of the aspen ecosystem. Peromyscus maniculatus was usually the most abundant animal trapped at all locations indicating the success of this species in aspen communities. The proportion of each species trapped, however, fluctuated, likely in accordance with responses to periodic biotic and abiotic factors. This data will serve as baseline information for the U.S. Forest Service …

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Ecology Of The Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo Regalis) In Central Utah Population Dynamics And Nest Site Selection, Neil D. Woffinden Apr 1975

Ecology Of The Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo Regalis) In Central Utah Population Dynamics And Nest Site Selection, Neil D. Woffinden

Theses and Dissertations

Research was conducted to determine the effect of prey numbers on the nesting success of the Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis). Conditions associated with nest site selection were also established. Frequent visits were made to active nests to determine clutch sizes, hatching dates and fledging success. Prey remains were collected from nests and analyzed. Kilometer square transects were made throughout the study area in 1974 to determine jackrabbit densities. A drastic decline in numbers of Ferruginous Hawks occurred. The number of young fledged also declined throughout the study while nestling mortality increased. Jackrabbit numbers were high in 1972 and then declined …

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A Comparative Study Of Some Population Characteristics Of Calyptraea Fastigiata Gould, Crepidula Lingulata Gould, And Crepidula Nummaria Gould (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), Roger Harold Goodwill Apr 1975

A Comparative Study Of Some Population Characteristics Of Calyptraea Fastigiata Gould, Crepidula Lingulata Gould, And Crepidula Nummaria Gould (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), Roger Harold Goodwill

Theses and Dissertations

A comparative study of the field populations of Crepidula lingulata, Crepidula nurnmaria, and Calyptraea fastigiata indicated all three preferred a rocky substrate but favored different size rocks. Their positions on the rocks varied but the greatest numbers were found attached to the undersides. Crepidula lingulata and C. nummaria preferred larger rocks and were found in intraspecific associations more often than C. fastigiata which preferred smaller rocks. These associations occurred with a 1:1 sex ratio; however, the overall population did not. Crepidula lingulata had a high female count and C. fastigiata a high male count. Males, of all three species, were …

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Activity Of A Dipodomys Ordii Population Using Recapture Methods, James R. Garcia Nov 1974

Activity Of A Dipodomys Ordii Population Using Recapture Methods, James R. Garcia

Theses and Dissertations

Activity curves for Dipodomys ordii were developed from data obtained from a study utilizing an electrically monitored trapping grid. The curves for non-perturbated populations showed an initial post-dusk peak, followed by increasing activity and a large pre-dawn peak; but after ten dominant animals had been removed, the largest activity peak was post-dusk. Differences in activity patterns were not found among sex, age or reproductive classes. Rising ambient temperatures, falling barometric pressures, winds over 3.2 km/hr and the absence of the moon depressed capture numbers; while increasing humidity (relative and absolute), decreasing soil temperatures at 20 and 40 cm below ground …

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The Effects Of Highway Construction On The Fish Populations In The Weber River Near Henefer, Summit County, Utah, Edward James Peters Nov 1974

The Effects Of Highway Construction On The Fish Populations In The Weber River Near Henefer, Summit County, Utah, Edward James Peters

Theses and Dissertations

Alterations of streams to facilitate highway construction and consumptive water use has become a fisheries management problem. To evaluate the effects of channeling concomitant to construction of Interstate 80 N. near Henefer, Utah, altered and unaltered sections of the Weber River were compared on the basis of fishes censused, population estimates and ordinations. Species compositions in particular areas were influenced by local rheologic conditions. Changes in species composition between samplings at a particular area were caused by fish movements. Data from altered sections, rehabilitated with deflectors and checkdams, were not noticeably different than data from unaltered areas. However, fish movements …

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Biology Of Northern Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus Alascanus) On Amchitka Island, Alaska, Steven K. Sherrod Aug 1974

Biology Of Northern Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus Alascanus) On Amchitka Island, Alaska, Steven K. Sherrod

Theses and Dissertations

Bald Eagles on Amchitka Island, Alaska, were studied from 1969-1972. From 1970-1972 the population averaged 214.6 eagles. The average ration was 66% adults to 34% subadults. The eagles move to and from the island in relation to significant food sources (especially the garbage dump). An increase in active nests occurred from 1969-1972 due to an increase in food. The average percentage of nests containing young from 1970-1972 was 71.28%. During these three years, the average number of young known in a nest per nesting attempt was 1.24, and the average number of young known in a nest per nest containing …

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The Spatial Distribution Of The Nests Of The Black-Crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax Nycticorax) And The Snowy Egret (Leucophoyx Thula) In Central Utah, Randall S. Isham Aug 1974

The Spatial Distribution Of The Nests Of The Black-Crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax Nycticorax) And The Snowy Egret (Leucophoyx Thula) In Central Utah, Randall S. Isham

Theses and Dissertations

Nests of the Black-crowned Night Heron and the Snowy Egret were examined in five central Utah colonies in 1973 to determine the spatial distribution within the colony. Nest locations of the 1085 nests of the two species were plotted to the nearest foot with an alidade and plane table. Tests of randomness, clump size, association, segregation, and T distribution were utilized. No differences between species were noted for the distance to the nearest and the next nearest nest. The Night Heron nested closer to other Night Herons and more often than did the Snowy Egret which non-significantly selected either species …

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Absorption Of Caffeine Through Isolated Rat Small Intestine, William James Hatch Aug 1974

Absorption Of Caffeine Through Isolated Rat Small Intestine, William James Hatch

Theses and Dissertations

Intestines of fifty-six albino rats of the Holtzman strain were removed and perfused with Krebs bicarbonate buffered solutions containing caffeine. After one hour of absorbtion, caffeine was extracted from the serosal fluids in chloroform and concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that all portions of the small intestine transported caffeine against a concentration gradient. This transport mechanism demonstrated saturation kinetics and was inhibited by ouabain. It was concluded that the movement of caffeine from the mucosa to the serosa of the small intestine cannot be the result of simple diffusion. Possible mechanisms by which the absorption of caffeine takes …

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Biochemical Parameters Of Hereditary Chondrodysplasia In Mice, Trent D. Stephens Aug 1974

Biochemical Parameters Of Hereditary Chondrodysplasia In Mice, Trent D. Stephens

Theses and Dissertations

Cartilage from newborn mice homozygous for chondrodysplasia contains normal quantities of protein and chondroitin sulfate. Mutant fetal cartilage incorporates normal amounts of sulfate, glucose, and glucosamine. Overnight rinsing with water removes about 25% of the incorporated sulfur and existing uronic acid from mutant ribs and about 55% from mutant limbs. Control ribs and limbs are affected very little by such a rinse. The diffusability of chondroitin sulfate (represented by incorporated sulfur and uronic acid) may be due to a lack of covalent bond formation between chondroitin sulfate and collagen.

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Venezuelan Macronyssidae (Acarina:Mesostigmata), Robert C. Saunders Jul 1974

Venezuelan Macronyssidae (Acarina:Mesostigmata), Robert C. Saunders

Theses and Dissertations

A total of over 5000 mite specimens representing 49 species was studied and evaluated. The most frequently encountered species was Ornithonyssus bacoti. Based on these specimens, a brief review of the family Macronyssidae in Venezuela is presented. Included are brief notes as to medical importance and host relationships; also a key to the genera of Venezuelan Macronyssidae and a host-parasite list are included. Reprints of two papers and the manuscript of a third are included as part of the dissertation requirements. Contained in these are descriptions of three new genera (Argitis, Lepidodorsum, and Nycteronyssus) and four new species (Acanthonyssus proechimys, …

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Nesting Ecology Of The Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Auritus Auritus) On Utah Lake, Ronald M. Mitchell Apr 1974

Nesting Ecology Of The Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Auritus Auritus) On Utah Lake, Ronald M. Mitchell

Theses and Dissertations

Research on the nesting of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus auritus) was undertaken to determine the nesting ecology of the bird on Utah Lake, Utah County, and the possible effects that diking Provo Bay would have on the cormorants breeding there. In 1973, two colonies in Provo Bay were visited weekly to determine laying dates, incubation period, clutch size, and hatching dates. Another colony, located on the dike of the Geneva Steel Reservoir, was visited daily during the spring and summer of 1973. At this colony, egg-laying occurred from 13 April to 17 May. The average clutch size was 3.8, …

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Taxonomic Studies Of Trombiculid Mites, Jack T. Reed Mar 1974

Taxonomic Studies Of Trombiculid Mites, Jack T. Reed

Theses and Dissertations

Five publications and one manuscript concerning the taxonomic studies of trombiculid mites are submitted. Publications include a revision of the North American genus Comatacarus Ewing, the erection of the following genera by Brennan and Reed: Loomisia, Atelepalme, Phalcophila, and Nycterinastes. Discussions of the genera Aitkenius Brennan and Polylopadium Brennan and Jones are also included. The subfamily Leeuwenhoekinae is reviewed on the basis of neo-tropical representatives (unpublished manuscript). The genus Odontacarus comprises 66% of the chiggers examined, and 82% of these were identified as O. tubercularis (Brennan). Odontacarus fieldi Brennan and Jones and O. cayolargoensis Brennan are synonomized under O. tubercularis …

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Community Characteristics Of Six Burned Aspen-Conifer Sites And Their Related Animal Use /|Clarry H. Kleinman, Larry H. Kleinman Aug 1973

Community Characteristics Of Six Burned Aspen-Conifer Sites And Their Related Animal Use /|Clarry H. Kleinman, Larry H. Kleinman

Theses and Dissertations

Six forest areas destroyed by fire representing different seral stages of aspen development and conifer invasion were studied to determine successional dynamics and the related livestock and big game use. Factors measured were: (a) age, basal area, density and frequency of aspen and conifer trees; (b) density and frequency of under-story species; (c) forage production for forbs, grasses, and browse, and (d) animal-days use for deer, cattle and sheep. Aspen appeared in the community the spring following the fire and conifers appeared fifteen to twenty years later. Conifers had begun to dominate aspen on an eighty-two year old stand. The …

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Habitat And Time Utilization Of A Pair Of Nesting Sharp-Shinned Hawks (Accipiter Striatus Velox) : A Telemetry Study, Joseph Belnap Platt Jul 1973

Habitat And Time Utilization Of A Pair Of Nesting Sharp-Shinned Hawks (Accipiter Striatus Velox) : A Telemetry Study, Joseph Belnap Platt

Theses and Dissertations

Telemetric observations were conducted on a pair of Sharp-Shinned Hawks (Accipiter striatus velox) nesting in Spanish Fork Canyon, Utah in 1972. The movements of both adults were monitored from the time their eggs hatched in late June until they left the study area in early August, fourty-two days later. A transmitter was also attached to one of the young at the time of fledging. The adult's main hunting area was a single plant community located 1600 meters from the nest. The male performed the majority of the foraging while the female spent the greatest part of her time at the …

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Speciation In The Genus Sceloporus Sceloporus (Sauria, Iguanidae) As Determined By Cranial Osteology And Other Characters, Kenneth Rex Larsen May 1973

Speciation In The Genus Sceloporus Sceloporus (Sauria, Iguanidae) As Determined By Cranial Osteology And Other Characters, Kenneth Rex Larsen

Theses and Dissertations

Numerical statistical methods were used to analyse the species in the genus Sceloporus using cranial osteology, external meristic and numeric characters, karyology, display behavior and geographic distribution. A new phylogeny for the genus is proposed with three main branches or Groups: Group I, a primitive group, evolved from Uta, Urosaurus and Sator in Miocene times. This Group speciated from gadoviae in the south to merriami in the north and contains 7 species in 3 species groups. Group II arose from Group I and evolved from centrally located pictus in all directions throughout Mexico. It contains approximately 19 species in 5 …

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Growth And Development Of The Western Harvest Mouse, Reithrodontomys Megalotis Megalotis, Gary H. Richins Apr 1973

Growth And Development Of The Western Harvest Mouse, Reithrodontomys Megalotis Megalotis, Gary H. Richins

Theses and Dissertations

Growth rates, gestation period, litter size, reproductive age, sex ratios, and development were studied on 198 litters of Reithrodontomys megalotis megalotis. Growth was characterized by several standard skull and body measurements, and was partitioned into four phases of 1-3, 4-12, 13-22, and 23-70 days. Growth was best described by measurements of tail length, ear length, and dried eye lens weight. Reproductive activity began as early as 38 days for females and 59 days for males. Gestation period was 22 days and mean litter size was 3.83 (range 1-7). Sex ratio was 53.49% males to 46.51% females. Reproductive efficiency was 53.53%. …

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The Effects Of Thiamin Deficiency And Thiamin Antagonists On Cardiac Function In The Rat, D. James B. Sutherland Apr 1973

The Effects Of Thiamin Deficiency And Thiamin Antagonists On Cardiac Function In The Rat, D. James B. Sutherland

Theses and Dissertations

A study was made to determine what biochemical changes were involved in the slowing of the rat heart rate during thiamin deprivation, pyrithiamin or oxythiamin treatment. The appearance of bradycardia during progressive thiamin deficiency was shown to be related to the reduction in myocardial enzymatic activity of pyruvate (PDH) and 2-ketoglutarate (2-KGDH) dehydrogenase, and not due to inanition alone since pair-fed control rats did not show bradycardia until the agonal stage. Bradycardia was not the result of reduced energy since CP, ATP, ADP, and AMP levels remained normal even though PDH and 2-KGDH activity dropped to 20% of normal by …

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Reproduction And Development Of Ferrissia Rivularis (Say) (Basommatophora: Ancylidae) And The Effects Of Maleic Hydrazide On Its Development And Fecundity, Yuan-Hsu Kang Apr 1973

Reproduction And Development Of Ferrissia Rivularis (Say) (Basommatophora: Ancylidae) And The Effects Of Maleic Hydrazide On Its Development And Fecundity, Yuan-Hsu Kang

Theses and Dissertations

Ferrissia rivularis was selected for research because of its local accessibility and because essentially nothing was known of its reproduction and development. Reproductive and developmental biology is first described herein from the natural environment. This is then compared with the effects created by experimental exposure to a selected herbicide, maleic hydrazide, which might be a potential threat to certain invertebrates in the natural environment.

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Fleas (Siphonaptera) Associated With Small Mammals Of Morocco Their Distribution And Host-Specificity, Michael W. Hastriter Dec 1972

Fleas (Siphonaptera) Associated With Small Mammals Of Morocco Their Distribution And Host-Specificity, Michael W. Hastriter

Theses and Dissertations

A total of 9,936 fleas, representing 27 species, have been processed for study and identified. They were associated with 2,011 small mammals, representing 38 species, collected throughout Morocco from October 12, 1969 to July 20, 1970 by personnel of the Smithsonian Institution. Two species, Synosternus cleopatrae pyramidis (Rothschild and Xenopsylla ramesis (Rothschild), comprised 68 percent of the fleas collected. Two subspecies are described: Ctenophthalmus andorrensis opistolatus, ssp. n. and Ctenophthalmus russulae tangerensis, ssp. n.. There are three ecological subdivisions of Morocco: the coast and coastal plains, the Atlas Mountains, and the pre-saharan desert. Even though there is some overlap, the …

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Characterization Of Field Populations Of Magarites Pupillus (Gould) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), Stephen Craig Schroeter Jul 1972

Characterization Of Field Populations Of Magarites Pupillus (Gould) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia), Stephen Craig Schroeter

Theses and Dissertations

Field populations of Margarites pupillus (Gould), a numerically abundant prosobranch mollusc occuring on rocky shores in Puget Sound, Washington, have previously received little autecological attention. Seawater table studios and SCUBA observations led to the following conclusions: Populations of Margarites are primarily subtidal. Population density and growth are directly related to algal canopy density. Algal canopy may function in reducing predator efficiency, Margarites populations have a 1:1 sex-reatio and no size dimorphism. Sexually mature individuals live for at least two years, and possibly more than four years.

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Helminths Of Sceloporus Lizards In The Great Basin And Upper Colorado Plateau Of Utah, Richard Carlyle Pearce Jul 1972

Helminths Of Sceloporus Lizards In The Great Basin And Upper Colorado Plateau Of Utah, Richard Carlyle Pearce

Theses and Dissertations

This study was prompted by the scarcity of information on helminths in Sceloporus lizards of Utah. It reports these worms and includes references to parasites of reptiles in the appendix. A microscopic examination of the coelom, mesenteries, liver, lungs, esophagus, stomach, and intestines of 55 lizards was made, but helminths were recovered only from stomachs and intestines. Examination of S. graciosus yielded Opchoristica scelopori, a cestode found in the duodenum, and Cyrtosomum penneri, C. readi, and C. heynemani, three nematodes of the cecum. The latter two are new nematodes for this host species. Examination of S. undulatus yielded three new …

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The Reproductive Biology Of The Leech Helobdella Stagnalis (Linnaeus) In Utah Lake, David L. Tillman May 1972

The Reproductive Biology Of The Leech Helobdella Stagnalis (Linnaeus) In Utah Lake, David L. Tillman

Theses and Dissertations

The reproductive biology of the brooding leech Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus) in Utah Lake was studied for an 18 month period from June 1970 to December 1971. In determining the annual reproductive cycle, the number of adult leeches carrying eggs or young were counted at weekly intervals during the reproductive season and monthly during the rest of the year. Gonadal staging data from histological sections were correlated with the field collection data. It was found that two broods of young were produced by the adult animals during the reproductive season. Continuous water temperatures were recorded at the study site throughout the …

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A Taxonomic Study Of The Western Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus Collaris), Nathan M. Smith May 1972

A Taxonomic Study Of The Western Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus Collaris), Nathan M. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

The marked pattern and coloration which distinguish members of Crotaphytus collaris baileyi in its western range indicated a need to compare it to the collaris-complex consisting of C.c. auriceps, C.c. baileyi, and C.c. fuscus. Thirty-two external and sixteen cranial characters were measured on preserved specimens. Blood serum proteins were compared by disc gel electrophoresis. Cluster, canonical, and discriminant analyses were used to define population characteristics and areas of intergradation. Disc electrophoresis did not reveal consistent population differences. The western range of C.c. baileyi is restricted to Central Arizona. The Great Basin form from western Arizona, western Utah, southern Idaho, southeastern …

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The Bottom Fauna Of Fish Lake, Utah And Its Relationship To The Trout Fishery, Dennis L. Shirley Apr 1972

The Bottom Fauna Of Fish Lake, Utah And Its Relationship To The Trout Fishery, Dennis L. Shirley

Theses and Dissertations

One-hundred and three bottom samples taken at Fish Lake, Utah from July, 1969 to June, 1970 were analyzed to determine the abundance, distribution, and standing crop of the bottom fauna species and to relate their availability to the amount of food eaten by the trout. Twenty-three taxa, representing three phyla and 19 families were collected. An amphipod, Gammarus limnaeus, in the littoral zone, and a tubificid worm, Rhyacodrilus coccineus, in the sublittoral and profundal zones, were the most abundant species. All 23 species were unevenly distributed in the littoral zone, whereas, only eight were found in the sublittoral and five …

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Analysis Of Asexual Reproduction Dugesia Dorotocephala, Harvey Dee Mecham Apr 1972

Analysis Of Asexual Reproduction Dugesia Dorotocephala, Harvey Dee Mecham

Theses and Dissertations

Genetic control of decapitation-induced fission in planaria is mediated by stimulator and inhibitor molecules. Resolution of the two factors was accomplished by filtration chromatography of whole planaria extract. The stimulator (M.W. 2500 to 3500) was purified with ion exchange chromatography and increases the multiple fission rate. The inhibitor (M.W. 20,000 to 50,000) is non-dialyzable, heat labile and is inactivated unless kept frozen. Storage at 4°C results in a loss of inhibitory capacity with a concomitant stimulator increase, suggesting a protein-stimulator complex as the inhibitor. In light of a demonstrated animal intercommunication system, the inhibitor-stimulator complex is hypothesized as part of …

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Nesting Of The White-Faced Ibis (Plegadis Chihi) Of Utah Lake, Kenichi David Kaneko Apr 1972

Nesting Of The White-Faced Ibis (Plegadis Chihi) Of Utah Lake, Kenichi David Kaneko

Theses and Dissertations

Information on the nesting of the White-faced Ibis (Plegadis chihi) in Utah County is presented for the first time. Nests built in hardstem bulrush (Sciprus acutus) settled from an average height of 120.8cm on June 9 to 93.6cm on June 27, 1971. Nest spacing ranged from 2m to 9m, averaging 4.6m. Invertebrates of the class Arachnida and the insect orders Coleoptera, Homoptera, Lepidoptera, and Thysanoptera were collected in a Berlese funnel. Average clutch size was 3.17. Egg length and width averaged 51.40mm X 36.75mm. Average volume was 36.93cc. In 21 study nests, 45.8 percent of the eggs hatched, beginning on …

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Small Rodent Populations And Biomass In Three Sagebrush Communities Of Rush Valley, Utah, David W. Nichols Feb 1972

Small Rodent Populations And Biomass In Three Sagebrush Communities Of Rush Valley, Utah, David W. Nichols

Theses and Dissertations

Three desert Artemisia tridentata communities in Rush Valley, Utah were trapped for small rodents during the summer of 1970 in a mark-recapture study. Population densities were estimated using several indices for each population category. Animals were weighed and rodent biomass calculated for each species throughout the summer. Populations, biomass, and other data were then analyzed to gain a better understanding of A. tridentata community types of the Great Basin. Peromyscus maniculatus, Eutamias minimus, and Reithrodontomys megalotis were common to area 1. Peromyscus maniculatus, E. minimus, and Perognathus parvus were common to areas 2 and 3. The peak estimated standing crops …

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