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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows: I. Effects On Lactation Performance And Pig Composition, Scott Tilton, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Paul Ermer
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows: I. Effects On Lactation Performance And Pig Composition, Scott Tilton, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Paul Ermer
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted with 30 lactating sows to determine the effects of high fat lactation diets on the body composition of suckling pigs and sow backfat composition. Sows were provided a lactation diet containing either zero or 10% tallow on an ad libitum basis for a 21-day lactation. No differences in feed intake during lactation were observed, although sows fed tallow consumed more metabolizable energy per day than control sows. Composition of backfat samples taken at weaning from sows suggested an increase in the amount of fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of control sows. Sows fed tallow weaned …
Space Allocation Decisions For Barrows And Gilts, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Space Allocation Decisions For Barrows And Gilts, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted to determine if barrow and gilt performance could be modified by varying pen space allocation for each sex and whether performance of barrows given less space per pig could be enhanced with a more nutrient-dense diet. Barrows given 6 ft2 of pen space per pig consumed less feed and grew slower with no effect on lean gain compared to barrows provided 7 ft2 of pen space per pig. Increasing diet nutrient density by feeding the diet sequence recommended for gilts to barrows had no effect on performance for barrows at 6 ft2 per …
Pork Quality Assurance...Dollars And Sense, Angela Baysinger
Pork Quality Assurance...Dollars And Sense, Angela Baysinger
Nebraska Swine Reports
Is there any reason a pork producer would not want to reduce production cost or improve management skills? With the pork industry becoming more consumer driven, should producers take an active role in producing a quality pork product? The Pork Quality Assurance (PQA) Program, developed by the National Pork Producers Council on behalf of the pork industry, is available to help pork producers answer these questions and ensure future success.
Impact Of Feeder And Drinker Designs On Pig Performance, Water Use And Manure Production, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Impact Of Feeder And Drinker Designs On Pig Performance, Water Use And Manure Production, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Nebraska Swine Reports
Two experiments were conducted to examine the impact of feeder and drinker designs on pig performance, water use and manure volume. In the first experiment, pigs with access to a Crystal Springs® wet/dry feeder grew faster, but had a poorer feed conversion and similar carcass merit as pigs using dry feeders with wall-mounted nipple drinkers. Water use was reduced 25.6% in the combined winter and summer trials and manure volume reduced 28.9% in the summer trial for the wet/dry feeder system versus the dry feeder and wall-mounted nipple drinker system. In the second experiment, there was no difference in pig …
The Effects Of Reducing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Odor In Swine Facilities, Claudia Obrock H.
The Effects Of Reducing Dietary Crude Protein Concentration On Odor In Swine Facilities, Claudia Obrock H.
Nebraska Swine Reports
The effect of dietary manipulation on odor emission in a research pig facility was evaluated with 26 finishing gilts (initial weight 161 lb). The two diets were formulated to contain 13% crude protein or 9% crude protein supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Two environmental chambers were used and each housed a group of four or five gilts for 21 days. Relative humidity, temperature and air exchange were maintained throughout the experiment. Samples of feces and air were taken on days 4, 7, 11, 14, 18 and 21 of the experiment. Aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulphide concentrations were measured using detector …
Segregated Early Weaning Of Pigs: Dietary Challenges And Opportunities, Stacy Norin, Duane Reese, Austin Lewis
Segregated Early Weaning Of Pigs: Dietary Challenges And Opportunities, Stacy Norin, Duane Reese, Austin Lewis
Nebraska Swine Reports
Segregated early weaning (SEW) technology is being adopted by many producers in the pork industry. With the implementation of this technology come many challenges and opportunities to exploit the lean-growth potential and health status of the SEW pig. This review provides insight into some of the reasons for these challenges and discusses some possible ways of utilizing the unique characteristics of the SEW pig to reduce production costs.
Effect Of Early Weaning On Sow Reproductive Performance — A Review, Donald G. Levis
Effect Of Early Weaning On Sow Reproductive Performance — A Review, Donald G. Levis
Nebraska Swine Reports
A review of literature was conducted to evaluate the effects of lactation length on reproductive performance of sows. As lactation length decreases there is an increase in the weaning-to-estrus interval, a decrease in farrowing rate, a decrease in subsequent litter size and an increase in pigs weaned per sow per year. Because of herd-to-herd differences in the influence of lactation length on reproductive performance, it is advised that each farm conduct a preliminary study to evaluate the effect of the considered lactation length before implementing the “new” weaning age of piglets.
Purple Sulfur Bacteria In Anaerobic Treatment Lagoons, Richard K. Koelsch, Tong Tong Chen, Dennis D. Schulte
Purple Sulfur Bacteria In Anaerobic Treatment Lagoons, Richard K. Koelsch, Tong Tong Chen, Dennis D. Schulte
Nebraska Swine Reports
Purple or pink colored lagoons, indicating the presence of purple sulfur bacteria, are less likely to be considered an odor nuisance than a more typical non-purple lagoon. The design and management factors that encourage the growth of purple sulfur bacteria are poorly understood. A study of eight purple and non-purple lagoons was initiated during the spring and summer of 1996. The intent of this effort was to identify critical factors that would allow purple lagoons to become a more predictable odor control alternative. A preliminary comparison of design and management factors assumed to be critical suggests more similarities between these …
Growth Performance And Digestive And Metabolic Responses Of Finishing Gilts Penned Individually Or In Groups, Sergio Gómez-Rosales, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Growth Performance And Digestive And Metabolic Responses Of Finishing Gilts Penned Individually Or In Groups, Sergio Gómez-Rosales, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment was conducted using one or four finishing gilts/pen to identify factors related to the lower performance of pigs penned in groups. Feed intake, daily gain and final weight were greater in pigs penned individually. There was a trend for greater loin weight and primal cut percentage for pigs penned individually. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy and the plasma concentrations of urea, glucose and nonesterified fatty acids were similar for both individually and group-penned pigs. These results suggest the lower performance of group-penned pigs is related neither to changes in digestive processes nor plasma …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effects we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments, it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
Retention Of Selected Nutrients In Grilled Boneless Pork Chops, Judy A. Driskell, Fayrene Hamouz, Sharon Davis, David Giraud, Jidong Sun
Retention Of Selected Nutrients In Grilled Boneless Pork Chops, Judy A. Driskell, Fayrene Hamouz, Sharon Davis, David Giraud, Jidong Sun
Nebraska Swine Reports
Fresh pork Canadian Backs, cut into boneless pork chops, were cooked to 160°F internal temperature by grilling at one of the following temperatures: 200, 250, 300, 350, or 400°F. Significantly longer cooking times were observed for chops grilled at 200°F than for those grilled at the higher temperatures. The yields, as well as the moisture and crude fat content of the chops in the different treatments, were similar. Retention values for selenium were similar for all treatment groups. Chops grilled at 400°F had significantly lower retention values for vitamin E and thiamin and a tendency for lower retention values for …
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows: Ii. Effects On Energy Mobilization And Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Activity, Scott Tilton, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Paul Ermer
Addition Of Fat To Diets Of Lactating Sows: Ii. Effects On Energy Mobilization And Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Activity, Scott Tilton, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Paul Ermer
Nebraska Swine Reports
The effect of dietary fat intake on the ability of the lactating sow to mobilize energy from adipose tissue fat was examined. Sows had ad libitum access to diets formulated to contained 1% lysine and either zero or 10% tallow. Data from two epinephrine challenges indicated sows fed tallow tended to have higher baseline concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and lower stimulated release of NEFA in response to epinephrine than did control sows. Because baseline glycerol values did not differ between treatments, we interpreted this to suggest control sows tended to re-esterify (recycle) a greater portion of the fatty …
Dietary Fiber In Sow Gestation Diets — A Review, Duane Reese
Dietary Fiber In Sow Gestation Diets — A Review, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
Gestation sows are well suited to utilize high-fiber, low-density diets. They utilize fiber better than growing pigs and during gestation have a high feed intake capacity relative to their energy requirement. When research results from several studies were pooled and weighted according to the number of litters produced, sows fed additional fiber during gestation farrowed and weaned more pigs/litter than sows fed control diets. Feeding fiber during gestation also improved lactation feed intake, but reduced sow weight gain during pregnancy and pig birth weight. Sows fed fibrous diets also exhibit less stereotypic behavior (i.e., bar-biting), which may be an indication …
Epinephrine And Energy Mobilization By Lactating Sows, Scott Tilton, Paul Ermer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Cynthia Wolverton
Epinephrine And Energy Mobilization By Lactating Sows, Scott Tilton, Paul Ermer, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Cynthia Wolverton
Nebraska Swine Reports
Research was conducted to determine the optimal dosage of epinephrine (adrenalin) for use as an in vitro diagnostic tool to measure changes in the mobilization of energy from body tissues. Doses of epinephrine were .1, .2, .4, .8, 1.2, and 1.6 &#;g/kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected from 15 minutes before epinephrine infusion through 120 minutes post infusion. Samples were analyzed for non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and glucose content. Linear increases in NEFA and glucose were found for increasing dosages of epinephrine, along with a quadratic effect for some of the NEFA data because of a hypersensitive response …
Effect Of Floor Space Allocation On Barrow Performance To 300 Pounds, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Effect Of Floor Space Allocation On Barrow Performance To 300 Pounds, Mike Brumm, Jim Dahlquist
Nebraska Swine Reports
One hundred eighty barrows (12/ pen) were given space allocations of 7, 9, and 11 ft2/pig from 43 to 300 lb. There was no effect of space allocation on daily feed intake, lean gain, or carcass backfat depth. Pigs given 9 ft2 grew fastest while pigs given 7 ft2 had the best feed conversion. Daily gain and feed efficiency were worst when pigs were given 11 ft2/pig. Results from this experiment will be useful to producers as they make space allocation decisions for pigs finished at weights heavier than the current U.S. average of 245 …
Pigchamp Summary Of 1994 Reproductive Herd Performance, Mike Brumm, Cate Dewey, Barbara B. Cox, Angela Baysinger
Pigchamp Summary Of 1994 Reproductive Herd Performance, Mike Brumm, Cate Dewey, Barbara B. Cox, Angela Baysinger
Nebraska Swine Reports
A summary of 51 swine herds in the western cornbelt that used PigCHAMP as their reproductive record system during 1994 was completed. This summary documents the wide range in performance that existed among herds. Using 10th and 90th percentiles, farrowing rate ranged from 69.1% to 88.1%, pigs weaned per litter from 8.1 to 9.8, and litters per mated female from 1.76 to 2.36. Overall reproductive performance, reported as pigs weaned per mated female per year, ranged from 14.8 to 22.4 with a 50th percentile value of 19.3. These results can be used for planning and decision making purposes in individual …
House Mouse Damage To Insulation, Scott E. Hygnstrom
House Mouse Damage To Insulation, Scott E. Hygnstrom
Nebraska Swine Reports
House mice (Mus musculus) were introduced into 20, 4-inch thick insulated panels and provided unlimited food and water for six months. Mouse populations increased 3-to 4-fold inside the insulated panels. Aluminum foil vapor barriers were severely damaged by mice and in all cases, reduced to less than half of their original mass. All of the insulation materials tested (insulation board, fiberglass batt, rockwool, beadboard, and vermiculite) sustained significant levels of damage as measured by increased thermal conductance. Researchers have yet to discover an insulative material that is not susceptible to house mouse damage. Producers should use construction techniques …
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Explanation Of Statistics Used In This Report
Nebraska Swine Reports
Pigs treated alike vary in performance due to their different genetic makeup and to environmental effects we cannot completely control. When a group of pigs is randomly allotted to treatments it is nearly impossible to get an “equal” group of pigs on each treatment. The natural variability among pigs and the number of pigs per treatment determine the expected variation among treatment groups due to random sampling.
Is Physical Boar Exposure Required For Accurate Detection Of Estrus In Gilts?, Dwane Zimmerman, Denny Aherin, Jeff Hall
Is Physical Boar Exposure Required For Accurate Detection Of Estrus In Gilts?, Dwane Zimmerman, Denny Aherin, Jeff Hall
Nebraska Swine Reports
Accuracy of estrus detection in response to physical (PBE) vs fenceline (FBE) boar exposure was evaluated in 40 gilts during two successive estrous periods. Gilts heat checked with FBE expressed shorter estrous periods (.6 day) than PBE gilts. Estrus was detected within five minutes of boar exposure in 100 percent of gilts on both treatments except for PBE gilts on the first day of estrus. The first day of estrus was expressed after five minutes of boar exposure in 16.2 percent of PBE vs 0 percent of FBE gilts. The PBE gilts may be near the beginning of estrus. They …
Age And Synchrony Of First Estrus In Gilts As Influenced By Type And Duration Of Daily Boar Exposure (Be), Dwane Zimmerman, Thomas Mcgargill, Norm Rohda, Jeff Hall
Age And Synchrony Of First Estrus In Gilts As Influenced By Type And Duration Of Daily Boar Exposure (Be), Dwane Zimmerman, Thomas Mcgargill, Norm Rohda, Jeff Hall
Nebraska Swine Reports
Fence-line boar exposure (FBE) and physical boar exposure (PBE), each with durations of 10 minutes or four hours, were evaluated for their ability to trigger puberty in gilts. Gilts provided PBE attained puberty 11.8 days earlier than gilts provided FBE. Duration of boar contact was without effect. Earlier age at first estrus resulted, in large part, from a more rapid pubertal response after initiation of boar exposure (BE). The mean interval from initiation of BE to pubertal estrus was 13.5 days for PBE gilts and 24.8 days for FBE gilts. Fence-line boar exposure stimulates earlier puberty in gilts (shown in …
National Swine Improvement Federation Ultrasound Certification Workshops, Doyle Wolverton, Dennis E. Burson, Thomas Socha
National Swine Improvement Federation Ultrasound Certification Workshops, Doyle Wolverton, Dennis E. Burson, Thomas Socha
Nebraska Swine Reports
Twenty-three people participated in two National Swine Improvement Federation ultrasound certification workshops in January 1995. Each participant’s ability to predict backfat and loin muscle area on live market hogs was determined. IBP Inc,. Madison, Nebraska cooperated in the collection of carcass data for certification purposes. Nine participants were certified for backfat and loin eye readings and eight participants qualified for certification of backfat only. The workshops provided the pork industry with additional expertise in the use of ultrasonic measurements to determine backfat and loin muscle area on live swine.
Slaughter Hog Price Patterns At Omaha, Al Wellman
Slaughter Hog Price Patterns At Omaha, Al Wellman
Nebraska Swine Reports
Omaha slaughter hog prices from 1975 to 1994 were used to indicate the price patterns that tend to be repeated year to year. A monthly price index and variability of the monthly price were calculated. Strong seasonal price patterns were observed. The price patterns can be used to determine likely price trends during the year. The price data can be used to assist producers with their marketing plan and price forecasting for the future.
New Swine Nutrition Guide Available, Duane Reese
New Swine Nutrition Guide Available, Duane Reese
Nebraska Swine Reports
A new swine nutrition guide from the University of Nebraska and South Dakota State University is available for pork producers, veterinarians, and others. The guide addresses many fundamentals of swine nutrition and modern feeding program design. Single copies are available for $1 from a Cooperative Extension Office in Nebraska or by writing to Swine Nutrition, PO Box 830918, Lincoln, NE 68583- 0918. Mail orders must include 55 cents shipping and appropriate sales tax. The guide should help readers develop better feeding strategies for pigs.
Gelatinized High Added-Water Pork Skin Connective Tissue Protein Gels As Potential Water Binders, Wesley Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo
Gelatinized High Added-Water Pork Skin Connective Tissue Protein Gels As Potential Water Binders, Wesley Osburn, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Swine Reports
Heating pork skin connective tissue (PCT) obtained from pork carcasses may enhance its water binding ability due to partial conversion of connective tissue collagen to gelatin. Upon cooling, the protein gel partially reforms, and may entrap added water. Incorporation of this recovered protein as a high added-water gel in reduced-fat products may improve product juiciness and palatability. The objectives of this study were to determine temperature and time variables that enhance conversion of connective tissue collagen to gelatin and determine basic properties of high added-water pork skin connective tissue gels. Heating PCT at 158oF for 30 minutes released more gel-water …
Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs Consuming Diets Formulated On An Ideal Protein (First Four Limiting Amino Acids) Basis, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia Wolverton, Christopher Borland
Performance Of Growing-Finishing Pigs Consuming Diets Formulated On An Ideal Protein (First Four Limiting Amino Acids) Basis, Phillip S. Miller, Austin Lewis, Cynthia Wolverton, Christopher Borland
Nebraska Swine Reports
An experiment with growing-finishing pigs was conducted to evaluate the effects of a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with crystalline amino acids in an ideal pattern for the first four limiting amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and methionine) on growth performance, plasma urea concentration, and carcass characteristics in barrows and gilts. Barrows were pair-fed to gilts within the same dietary treatment. For the entire growing- finishing period, there was a diet x sex interaction for daily gain and feed efficiency. Barrows and gilts consuming a corn-soybean meal diet performed similarly; however, barrows receiving diets formulated on an ideal protein basis had …
Bioavailability Of Iron In Two Different Sources For Weanling Pigs, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Cynthia Wolverton
Bioavailability Of Iron In Two Different Sources For Weanling Pigs, Austin Lewis, Phillip S. Miller, Cynthia Wolverton
Nebraska Swine Reports
The bioavailability of the iron in iron methionine was compared with that in feed-grade ferrous sulfate. Pigs, which were anemic at weaning, were given diets containing supplements of one of the two iron sources. Iron supplementation increased weight gain and hemoglobin repletion. The increases were greater for ferrous sulfate than for iron methionine. This indicates that the iron in ferrous sulfate is more bioavailable than the iron in the iron methionine source that we investigated.
The Effect Of Photoperiod On Sexual Development In Young Boars, Donald G. Levis, Andrew Paterson, Hugh Payne
The Effect Of Photoperiod On Sexual Development In Young Boars, Donald G. Levis, Andrew Paterson, Hugh Payne
Nebraska Swine Reports
The effects of photoperiod in stimulating reproductive function in prepubertal boars was studied in 40 crossbred boars. One group of boars was exposed to a regimen where day length was increased from 12 to 14.5 h/d (from 8 to 20 weeks of age) and then decreased from 14.5 to 12 h/d (from 20 to 32 weeks of age); whereas, the other group of boars was exposed to a regimen where day length was decreased from 12 to 9.5 h/d and then increased from 9.5 to 12 h/d. Exposing prepubertal boars to a long photoperiod inhibited the development of the testis …
1995 Nebraska Swine Enterprise Records Program Results, Dale Kabes, Mike Brumm, Larry Bitney
1995 Nebraska Swine Enterprise Records Program Results, Dale Kabes, Mike Brumm, Larry Bitney
Nebraska Swine Reports
Data from cooperators participating in the Nebraska Swine Enterprise Records and Analysis Program were summarized for the period January to June 1995 and July 1, 1994 to June 30, 1995. Results continue to show significant variability in production and financial parameters among individual swine enterprises. The results indicate that efficient, well managed swine enterprises can be profitable and competitive in a dynamic industry.
Plasma Fsh Concentration In Young Boars And Gilts From Lines That Differ In Ovulation Rate And Litter Size, Rodger K. Johnson, Joe Cassady
Plasma Fsh Concentration In Young Boars And Gilts From Lines That Differ In Ovulation Rate And Litter Size, Rodger K. Johnson, Joe Cassady
Nebraska Swine Reports
Four experiments were conducted to determine whether boars and gilts from selected lines that differ in ovulation rate and litter size also differ in plasma concentrations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH). Plasma FSH was studied because it is a potential indicator trait of ovulation rate. Plasma concentrations of FSH in young boars and gilts differed between the select and the control line. It is likely that this difference is due to a correlated response to selection for ovulation rate. Therefore, plasma concentration of FSH in young boars and gilts may be a trait that can be used effectively to indirectly …
Impact Of Cooking Method On Quality Of Boneless Pork Loin Roasts, Fayrene Hamouz, Judith Batenhorst, Judy A. Driskell, Roger W. Mandigo
Impact Of Cooking Method On Quality Of Boneless Pork Loin Roasts, Fayrene Hamouz, Judith Batenhorst, Judy A. Driskell, Roger W. Mandigo
Nebraska Swine Reports
Chef’s Prime™ pork loin roasts were roasted, braised and cooked in a bag at an oven temperature of 325°F to an internal temperature of 160 or 180°F. Roasting improved yield and surface browning of Chef’s Prime™ roasts. While roasting and braising resulted in similar quality, the presence of moisture (braising and cook-in bag) reduced cooking time. Cooking in the bag had the greatest impact on quality characteristics as these roasts were least tender and they tended to be less juicy and favorable than braised or roasted loins. Reduction of the final internal temperature from 180 to 160°F did not improve …