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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

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Articles 271 - 300 of 538

Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences

Arkansas Range Extensions Of The Eastern Small-Footed Bat (Myotis Leibii) And Northern Long-Eared Bat (Myotisseptentrionalis) And Additional County Records For The Silver-Haired Bat (Lasionycteris Noctivagans), Hoary Bat (Lasiurus Cinereus), Southeastern Bat (Myotis Austroriparius), And Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat (Plecotus Rafinesquii), David A. Saugey, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England, Marsha C. Rowe, Laura R. Chandler-Mozisek, Betty G. Cochran Jan 1993

Arkansas Range Extensions Of The Eastern Small-Footed Bat (Myotis Leibii) And Northern Long-Eared Bat (Myotisseptentrionalis) And Additional County Records For The Silver-Haired Bat (Lasionycteris Noctivagans), Hoary Bat (Lasiurus Cinereus), Southeastern Bat (Myotis Austroriparius), And Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat (Plecotus Rafinesquii), David A. Saugey, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England, Marsha C. Rowe, Laura R. Chandler-Mozisek, Betty G. Cochran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We continued field studies of bats in non-cave regions of Arkansas from 1989 to present and utilized specimens submitted to the Arkansas Department of Health Rabies Laboratory to establish Arkansas range extensions for the eastern smallfooted bat (Myotis leibii) and northern long-eared bat (Myotisseptentrionalis). In addition, we documented additional county records for the silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus), southeastern bat (Myotis austroriparius), and Rafinesque's big-eared bat (Plecotus rafinesquii).

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Distribution Of The Mole Salamander, Ambystoma Talpoideum (Urodela: Ambystomatidae), In Arkansas With Notes On Paedomorphic Populations, Stanley E. Trauth, Betty G. Cochran, David A. Saugey, William R. Posey Ii, Wesley A. Stone Jan 1993

Distribution Of The Mole Salamander, Ambystoma Talpoideum (Urodela: Ambystomatidae), In Arkansas With Notes On Paedomorphic Populations, Stanley E. Trauth, Betty G. Cochran, David A. Saugey, William R. Posey Ii, Wesley A. Stone

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Distributional Survey Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), In Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1992

Distributional Survey Of The Bird-Voiced Treefrog, Hyla Avivoca (Anura: Hylidae), In Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A field study of the bird-voiced treefrog, Hyla avivoca, was conducted in Arkansas during the summer of 1991. A total of 75 separate sites in 23 counties was visited. Males with their distinctive whistle-like calls were listened for at night at each site. Breeding colonies of Hyla avivoca were found in four of the six major river basins; the study established three new county records. Currently, this species has been documented at 14 sites in 10 counties; in very few situations were the treefrogs locally abundant (voucher specimens deposited in the Arkansas State University Museum of Zoology). Habitat perturbation and …

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Age Specific Analysis Of Food Habits For Arkansas Raccoons (Procyon Lotor), J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, C. Renn Tumlison Jan 1992

Age Specific Analysis Of Food Habits For Arkansas Raccoons (Procyon Lotor), J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel, C. Renn Tumlison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Reproduction In The Western Mud Snake, Farancia Abacura Reinwardtii (Serpentes: Colubridae), In Arkansas, John W. Robinette, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1992

Reproduction In The Western Mud Snake, Farancia Abacura Reinwardtii (Serpentes: Colubridae), In Arkansas, John W. Robinette, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The reproductive cycle of Farancia abacura reinwardtii was studied using samples of snakes collected throughout Arkansas from 1985 to 1991 ;museum specimens were also examined. The right testis of 22 males was examined by light microscopy. Histological analysis of the testis indicated a postnuptial spermatogenic cycle. Testicular recrudescence begins in late May with sperm production peaking in late summer; sperm over winter in the ductus deferens. Ovarian follicles of 22 females were measured and counted; two follicular sizes were noted. In those undergoing primary vitellogenesis, a maximum size of 6.5 mm was reached; those exhibiting secondary vitellogenesis ranged in size …

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Effect Of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fever On The Humoral Response Of New Zealand White Rabbits, Lawrence W. Hinck, Stanley N. David Jan 1992

Effect Of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fever On The Humoral Response Of New Zealand White Rabbits, Lawrence W. Hinck, Stanley N. David

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Maternity Colony Of Gray Bats In A Non-Cave Site, Lorraine Timmerman, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1992

Maternity Colony Of Gray Bats In A Non-Cave Site, Lorraine Timmerman, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Observations On The Natural History Of The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus Turcicus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) In Northwest Arkansas, Mark A. Paulissen, Thomas M. Buchanan Jan 1991

Observations On The Natural History Of The Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus Turcicus (Sauria: Gekkonidae) In Northwest Arkansas, Mark A. Paulissen, Thomas M. Buchanan

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Mediterranean gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus, is a small nocturnal lizard introduced into the U.S. A stable population on the campus of Westark Community College in Fort Smith, Sebastian County, Arkansas represents the northernmost U.S. population presently known. We report data on microhabitat usage, feeding behavior, reproduction, and activity patterns. This gecko is active on the outside of buildings during warm months of the year and occasionally inside buildings during the winter. It is most abundant on buildings with many crevices that are used as daytime retreats. It avoids direct illumination of artificial light and usually perches at heights greater than …

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Reproductive Performance Of Female White-Tailed Deer On Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge, Thomas A. Nelson Jan 1991

Reproductive Performance Of Female White-Tailed Deer On Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge, Thomas A. Nelson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Aspects of the reproductive biology of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge were investigated by examining the reproductive tracts of 121 deer harvested during the 1985-90 archery seasons. The presence of corpora albicantia in yearlings suggested that 27% of female fawns conceived, producing a mean of 1.0 ova/breeding fawn. Pregnancy rates among yearlings and adults averaged 94% and 97%, respectively. Ovulation rates averaged 1.4 and 2.0 ova/female among yearlings and adults. Some females were ovulating in early-October, but the earliest conceptions occurred during the last week of October. The peak breeding period for yearlings and …

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Analysis Of The Fall And Winter Diet Of The Bobcat In Eastern Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1990

Analysis Of The Fall And Winter Diet Of The Bobcat In Eastern Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Food habits of the bobcat (Felis rufus) in eastern Arkansas were examined based on stomach contents of 148 specimens. Rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus and S. aquaticus) were the primary food source for males, females, and kittens. Rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), nutria (Myocastor coypus), and several species of waterfowl are first reported as food of bobcats in Arkansas. Cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and muskrats (Ondatra zibethica) were more common in bobcat diets in eastern versus western Arkansas. Adult males did not use smaller prey but this food source was common, in kittens; females were intermediate in their use of smaller prey.

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Hematozoa Of Common Grackles (Quiscalus Quiscula Versicolor, Vieillot) In Central Arkansas, Arthur A. Johnson Jan 1990

Hematozoa Of Common Grackles (Quiscalus Quiscula Versicolor, Vieillot) In Central Arkansas, Arthur A. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

During the years 1977-84, 118 bronzed grackles, Quiscalus quiscula versicolor, Vieillot, of 132 examined were found infected with hematozoa. The eight species of symbionts collected from the infected birds included two microfilarial species (Chandlerella quiscali and Eufilaria hibleri), five apicomplexans (Haemoproteus quiscali, Leucocytozoon fringillinarum, Plasmodium matutinum, P. vaughani, P. sp.) and a flagellate (Trypanosoma ontarioensis). P. matutinum and T. ontarioensis represent new host records and all the protozoans represent new locality records. Comparisons are made of symbiont prevalance and diversity as this relates to seasons of the year, sex and age of the host. Comparisons are also made with previous …

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Pellet Analysis Of Winter-Roosting Long-Eared Owls (Asio Otus) In Arkansas, Norman Lavers Jan 1990

Pellet Analysis Of Winter-Roosting Long-Eared Owls (Asio Otus) In Arkansas, Norman Lavers

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Fecundity Of Male White-Tailed Deer On Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge, Thomas A. Nelson, Michael W. Johnson Jan 1990

Fecundity Of Male White-Tailed Deer On Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge, Thomas A. Nelson, Michael W. Johnson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Male reproductive tracts were collected from 57 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvested on Holla Bend National Wildlife Refuge during the 1988 and 1989 archery deer seasons. Organ weights and total numbers of spermatozoa present were determined for both testes and epididymides. Among yearling and adult males, the mean weights of testes and epididymides peaked during November and decreased through the end of the collection period in mid-December. Total number of spermatozoa in the tract increased through October, peaked during the last half of November, and decreased through mid- December. No significant difference was found between the mean number of spermatozoa …

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Management Of The Ozark Big-Eared Bat, Plecotus Townsendii Ingens, In Arkansas, Michael J. Harvey, Sam W. Barkley Jan 1990

Management Of The Ozark Big-Eared Bat, Plecotus Townsendii Ingens, In Arkansas, Michael J. Harvey, Sam W. Barkley

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Age Assessment Of White Bass From Otoliths, Dorsal Spines And Scales, Raj V. Kilambi, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran Jan 1989

Age Assessment Of White Bass From Otoliths, Dorsal Spines And Scales, Raj V. Kilambi, Thoniot T. Prabhakaran

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Otoliths, dorsal spines, and scales of 85 white bass collected in1987 from a pre-spawning group were used forage assessment. Agreement between spine and otolith ages were 78.3%, between scale and otolith ages was 68.2%. Unlike spine ages, percent agreement of scale ages with otolith ages decreased from small to large fish. Length-frequency analysis in conjunction with ages assessed by the three calcified structures showed that dorsal spines and scales underestimated white bass ages compared to the otoliths. Clarity of the otolith annuli, even of the older fish, makes them a reliable source for white bass age assessment.

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Bats Of The Ouachita Mountains, David A. Saugey, Darrell R. Heath, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1989

Bats Of The Ouachita Mountains, David A. Saugey, Darrell R. Heath, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A survey was conducted from June, 1982 through January, 1989 to determine the occurrence of bat species in the Ouachita Mountain region of west-central Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma, with emphasis on censusing lands managed by the USDA Forest Service, Ouachita National Forest. Seven genera and 13 species of bats in the families Vespertilionidae and Molossidae were captured. Species represented included: Eptesicus fuscus, Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus, Myotis austroriparius, Myotis keenii, Myotis leibii, Myotis lucifugus, Myotissodalis, Nycticeius humeralis, Pipistrellus subflavus, and Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala.

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Mammals Of Southwestern Arkansas Part Ii. Rodents, Tim W. Steward, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England Jan 1989

Mammals Of Southwestern Arkansas Part Ii. Rodents, Tim W. Steward, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

This study investigated the composition and habitat affinities of the mammalian fauna of southwestern Arkansas. The study area was comprised of the 21 counties located south and/or west of and including Pulaski County. The previously existing data set pertaining to the mammals of Arkansas was notably incomplete and this study area in particular, was poorly known mammalogically. Specimens were collected by standard trapping and salvage methods throughout the study area. The mammals considered during this study were limited to those species meeting a set of criteria designed to eliminate species that had been introduced or artificially maintained. This study has …

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Distributional Survey Of Eastern Collared Lizard, Crotaphytus Collaris Collaris (Squamata: Iguanidae), Within The Arkansas River Valley Of Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1989

Distributional Survey Of Eastern Collared Lizard, Crotaphytus Collaris Collaris (Squamata: Iguanidae), Within The Arkansas River Valley Of Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A distributional survey of the eastern collared lizard, Crotaphytus collaris collaris, was conducted in the Arkansas River Valley of Arkansas during the summer of 1988. Thirty-four sites in 10 counties were searched. Only three localities yielded colonies of lizards; all were found south of the Arkansas River. This species has a discontinuous distribution in central Arkansas; habitat depletion and overzealous collection may have contributed to the extirpation of lizards at formerly-reported localities in the Arkansas River Valley of Arkansas.

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Female Reproductive Traits Of The Southern Leopard Frog, Rana Sphenocephala (Anura: Ranidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1989

Female Reproductive Traits Of The Southern Leopard Frog, Rana Sphenocephala (Anura: Ranidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Reproductive characteristics of female southern leopard frogs (Rana sphenocephala) were studied from specimens collected in northeastern Arkansas. Egg masses collected from breeding habitats were also examined. A communal ovipositional site was discovered in March 1988 and possessed over 75 egg masses within a 3 m square area. Clutch size from necropsied females averaged 2958.7 eggs, whereas number of eggs per egg mass averaged 2106.5 eggs. Egg diameter averaged 1.76 mm and was similar to populations reported previously in Texas. Positive correlations existed between mean ovum size and female body size and between clutch size and female body size. Negative correlations …

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Distribution And Status Of Shrews In Arkansas, Diana A. Garland, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1989

Distribution And Status Of Shrews In Arkansas, Diana A. Garland, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Between January, 1988 and February, 1989 a total of 1300 pitfall traps were placed in 150 sites covering 43 counties in Arkansas. Over 290 small mammals and numerous amphibians, lizards, tortoises, and invertebrates were captured. Shrews accounted for167 of the small mammals, and included Blarina carolinensis (116), Cryptotis parva (48), and Sorex longirostris (3). B. carolinensis is abundant in all habitats in the southeastern two-thirds of the state, C. parva is common statewide in grassy or brushy areas, and S. longirostris is considered to be uncommon, but is found in a variety of habitats. B. hylophaga, although not targeted, is …

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Dental Pathology In Selected Carnivores From Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1989

Dental Pathology In Selected Carnivores From Arkansas, C. Renn Tumlison, J. D. Wilhide, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The occurrence and kinds of dental pathology in wild carnivore populations in Arkansas were investigated through examination of 1295 skulls of bobcat (Felis rufus), river otter (Lutra canadensis), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), coyote (Canis latrans), and raccoon (Procyon lotor). Pulpitis or abscesses in broken or otherwise exposed teeth were noted in all species, but bobcats had the fewest exposures while otter and gray foxhad the most. Osteomyelitis occurred in all species except the bobcat. Caries were noted in the coyote, raccoon, and gray fox. Otter and coyote had alveolar thinning, and coyote had enamel dysplasia and maxillary sinusitis.

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Mammals Of Southwestern Arkansas Part Iii. Carnivores, Tim W. Steward, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England Jan 1989

Mammals Of Southwestern Arkansas Part Iii. Carnivores, Tim W. Steward, V. Rick Mcdaniel, Daniel R. England

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

This study investigates the composition of the carnivore fauna of southwestern Arkansas and presents data on habitat affinities. The study area is comprised of the 21 counties located south and/or west of and including Pulaski County. The previously existing data set pertaining to the mammals of Arkansas was notably incomplete and the study area, in particular, was poorly known mammalogically. Specimens were collected by standard trapping and salvage methods throughout the study area. Species considered during this study were limited to those meeting a set of criteria designed to eliminate species that had been introduced or artificially maintained. This study …

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Reproduction And Larval Development In The Marbled Salamander, Ambystoma Opacum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Walter E. Meshaka Jr., Brian P. Butterfield Jan 1989

Reproduction And Larval Development In The Marbled Salamander, Ambystoma Opacum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Walter E. Meshaka Jr., Brian P. Butterfield

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Field investigations of the reproductive biology and larval growth and development in Ambystoma opacum from northeastern Arkansas began in early October, 1987 at the onset of nesting activities, and concluded in early May, 1988 when larval transformation occurred. The onset and timing of clutch deposition were documented. Clutch size averaged 107.1 eggs and was not significantly correlated with snout- vent length (SVL). The incubation period was estimated to be 90 days. Larvae grew at an average rate of 6.3 mm SVL per month. Metamorphosis, in early May, occurred at an average SVLof 30.5 mm. Larval development was recorded by noting …

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Reproduction In The Wood Frog, Rana Sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Michael E. Cartwright, Walter E. Meshaka Jr. Jan 1989

Reproduction In The Wood Frog, Rana Sylvatica (Anura: Ranidae), From Arkansas, Stanley E. Trauth, Michael E. Cartwright, Walter E. Meshaka Jr.

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Spawning Frequency And Fecundity Of Blue Tilapia, Thomas J. Aureli, Les Torrans Jan 1988

Spawning Frequency And Fecundity Of Blue Tilapia, Thomas J. Aureli, Les Torrans

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Extralimital Hummingbirds In Arkansas, William M. Shepherd, Joseph C. Neal, Thomas L. Foti, Douglas A. James Jan 1988

Extralimital Hummingbirds In Arkansas, William M. Shepherd, Joseph C. Neal, Thomas L. Foti, Douglas A. James

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Comments On Estimating Population Rate Of Increase From Age Frequency Data, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1988

Comments On Estimating Population Rate Of Increase From Age Frequency Data, C. Renn Tumlison, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Although many papers have described assumptions and calculations of r from different kinds of data, none has compared estimates of r for the same real data set under different assumptions. We used the age distributions of gray foxes collected during six trapping seasons to estimate and compare r and lₓ series derived under different assumptions. Because trapped foxes are killed, they are believed by some to represent death history data. We found this treatment underestimates mortality so overestimates survivorship and leads to erroneous conclusions about the population. Use of a projection matrix allowed prediction of population size and thus allowed …

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Mandibular Dentition In Six Species Of Salamanders, Genus Plethodon (Caudata: Plethontidae), From Arkansas Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Richard A. Atwill, Stanley E. Trauth Jan 1988

Mandibular Dentition In Six Species Of Salamanders, Genus Plethodon (Caudata: Plethontidae), From Arkansas Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Richard A. Atwill, Stanley E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The mandibular (dentary) dentition of six species of Plethodon (P. caddoensis, P. dorsalis, P. fourchensis, P. glutinosus, P. ouachitae, and P. serratus) from Arkansas was studied using scanning electron microscopy. In all species, the mandibular teeth were bicuspid, and each tooth possessed a prominent labial cusp and a well-developed, inward-curving lingual cusp. All species showed similar tooth crown features, except P. caddoensis which exhibited a reduced tooth height and a reduced lingual cusp (only slightly larger than the labial cusp). We compared our data with other studies on premaxillary, maxillary, and palatal teeth in Plethodon and found overall similarities in …

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Distribution And Status Of The Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis Cynocephala) In Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Gary A. Heidt, Darrell R. Heath, Tim W. Steward, Daniel R. England, V. Rick Mcdaniel Jan 1988

Distribution And Status Of The Brazilian Free-Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis Cynocephala) In Arkansas, David A. Saugey, Gary A. Heidt, Darrell R. Heath, Tim W. Steward, Daniel R. England, V. Rick Mcdaniel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Investigations of building infestations, mist netting activities, and specimens submitted to the Arkansas Department of Health document the Brazilian free-tailed bat to be found in 14 Arkansas counties. Both overwintering and maternity colonies were examined. Numbers of individuals ranged from one to several thousand.

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Toe Tip Morphology In Six Species Of Salamanders, Genus Ambystoma (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) From Arkansas Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Stanley E. Trauth, J. D. Wilhide Jan 1988

Toe Tip Morphology In Six Species Of Salamanders, Genus Ambystoma (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) From Arkansas Using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Stanley E. Trauth, J. D. Wilhide

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The toe tip friction surface in six species of Ambystoma (A. annulatum, A.maculatum, A.opacum, A. talpoideum, A. texanum, and A. tigrinum) from Arkansas was examined using scanning electron microscopy. We found no sexual dimorphism in cell surface ultrastructure. Variation within and between species was considerable. The most active burrower, A. tigrinum, possessed the most disorganized cell surface, whereas the least active burrowers (A.annulatum, A.maculatum, and A. opacum) had morphologically similar and relatively smooth toe tips. In A. talpoideum and A. texanum, cell surfaces exhibited microprojections. Only these two species possessed mucous pores in close proximity to the friction surface. The …

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